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OBJECTIVE: To establish a headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of 14 chlorinated hydrocarbons in urine. METHODS: The urine sample 4.00 mL and anhydrous sodium sulfate 3.00 g were added into a 10.00 mL headspace bottle, then the headspace bottle was maintained at 70 ℃ for 40.0 min. After headspace pretreatment, 14 chlorinated hydrocarbons in headspace air were separated in the DB-5 MS capillary column of the gas chromatography and detected by mass spectrometer. RESULTS: There was a good linear relationship of 14 chlorinated hydrocarbons in urine in the range of 0.62-1 630.00 μg/L. The linear correlation coefficient was greater than 0.999 0.The minimum detectable concentration was 0.19-0.43 μg/L and the minimum quantitative concentration was 0.62-1.44 μg/L. The average recovery rate was 89.8%-107.1%. The within-run relative standard deviation(RSD) was 4.0%-8.5% and the between-run RSD was 6.3%-9.1%. Urine samples can be stored at 4 ℃ or-8 ℃ for 3 days and below-20 ℃ for 7 days. CONCLUSION: This method is rapid, simple, sensitive, accurate and has little interference,which can be used as a method for detecting 14 kinds of chlorinated hydrocarbons in urine samples of patients with occupational poisoning.
RESUMO
Introducción: En Colombia se supone no se usan organoclorados debido a la ratificación de la Convención de Estocolmo y el Convenio de Rotterdam, que prohíben el uso de este tipo de sustancias. Objetivo: Evaluar la exposición a plaguicidas organoclorados empleados en salud publica en la población trabajadora del programa de control de vectores en Colombia en 2013. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el grupo de trabajadores del programa de control de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores. A todos los participantes se aplicó un cuestionario estandarizado para recolectar variables sociodemográficas, ocupacionales, clínicas y toxicológicas. Se determinaron los niveles de 13 organoclorados en suero mediante cromatografía de gases en el Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia. Resultados: El reporte de manipulación de insecticidas organoclorados fue del 39,1%. El 100% de los trabajadores que usaron organoclorados refirieron el uso DDT. El 7,5% refirieron el uso de Aldrin. El 100% de los trabajadores refirió ausencia de elementos de protección individual durante la manipulación de clorados. Los organoclorados con niveles más altos fueron 4,4- DDT y α -HCH. Los síntomas de mayor presentación fueron: cefalea 28,7%, mareo 29,9%, disminución de fuerza en miembros superiores 17,2% y síntomas neuropsiquiátricos 24%. Se encontró una asociación entre la exposición laboral a DDT y síntomas neuropsiquiátricos. Conclusiones: El promedio de DDT en sangre de los trabajadores en Colombia son superiores a los reportados en la literatura. Los hallazgos de síntomas neuropsiquiátricos y la exposición laboral a organoclorados concuerdan con los reportes de la literatura.
Introduction: It is assumed that in Colombia organochlorides are not used due to the ratification of the Stockholm Convention and the Rotterdam Convention, forbidding the use of those substances. Objective: To evaluate exposure to organochloride pesticides used in the working population of the vector control program in Colombia, 2013. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the group of workers from the vector-borne disease management program. To all participants were applied a standardized questionnaire to collect sociodemographic, occupational, clinical and toxicological variables. Thirteen organochloride levels in serum were measured by gas chromatography at the National Institute of Health of Colombia. Results: The report show using of organochloride insecticides in the 39.1%. One hundred percent of the workers who used organochlorides reported use of DDT. 7,5% reported use of aldrin. One hundred percent or the workers referred the absence of elements of personal protection when implementing chlorinated compounds. Organochlorides with higher levels were 4,4- DDT y α -HCH. The most common symptoms were: headache 28.7%, dizziness 29.9%, decreased strength in upper limbs 17.2% and neuropsychiatric symptoms 24%. An association between occupational exposure to DDT and neuropsychiatric symptoms were found. Conclusions: The average of DDT in blood of workers in Colombia is higher than those reported in the literature. Findings of neuropsychiatric symptoms and occupational exposure to organochloride are consistent with literature reports.