The Effects of Hydrolyzed Collagen and Collagen Peptide in the Treatment of Superficial Chondral Lesions: An Experimental Study / Os efeitos do colágeno hidrolisado e do peptídeo de colágeno no tratamento de lesões condrais superficiais: Um estudo experimental

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effects of hydrolyzed collagen and collagen peptide in the treatment of superficial chondral lesions in rats. Method This research employed 18 Rattus norvegicus. A single intraarticular infiltration of sodium iodoacetate (2 mg solution) through the patellar ligament induced joint damage in previously anesthetized animals. We divided the animals into three groups: a control group, a collagen peptide group, and a hydrolyzed collagen group. Treatment consisted of oral administration of collagen peptide or hydrolyzed collagen for 30 days. Afterwards, we euthanized the animals and studied the joint chondral changes. We evaluated the results according to the chondrocyte clusters count and a histological evaluation, as per Pritzker et al. Results There was no statistical significance in injury stages between the control, hydrolyzed collagen, and collagen peptide groups (p= 0.11). Regarding scores, there was a statistical significance between the groups treated with hydrolyzed collagen and collagen peptide (p< 0.05), but not in comparison with the control group. Conclusion The proposed treatments of the induced chondral lesion with the oral administration of hydrolyzed collagen or collagen peptides were effective, resulting in lesion stabilization or regression, and warranting further experimental research to understand and improve the primary outcome of this study.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos do colágeno hidrolisado e do peptídeo de colágeno no tratamento de lesões condrais superficiais de ratos. Método Foram utilizados 18 Rattus norvegicus nesta pesquisa. O dano articular foi induzido por uma única infiltração intra-articular de iodoacetato de sódio (solução 2 mg), injetada através do ligamento patelar da articulação dos animais previamente anestesiados. Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos: grupo controle, grupo peptídeo de colágeno e grupo colágeno hidrolisado. O tratamento foi realizado por 30 dias com a administração via oral do peptídeo de colágeno ou do colágeno hidrolisado. Posteriormente, foi realizada a eutanásia dos experimentos e seguiu-se para o estudo das alterações condrais articulares. Os resultados foram avaliados conforme contagem de condrócitos por cluster e através da avaliação histológica segundo Pritzker et al. Resultados Ao observar os estágios de lesão, não foi observada significância estatística entre os grupos controle, colágeno hidrolisado e peptídeo de colágeno (p= 0,11). Ao observar os escores, houve significância estatística na comparação do grupo tratado com colágeno hidrolisado e o grupo peptídeo colágeno (p< 0,05), porém sem diferença estatística em relação ao grupo controle. Conclusão Os tratamentos propostos da lesão condral induzida com uso de colágeno hidrolisado ou peptídeos de colágeno via oral mostraram-se eficazes, com estabilização ou regressão da lesão apresentada em ratos, merecendo novas pesquisas experimentais com o intuito de compreender e melhorar o desfecho primário deste trabalho.

Estudio comparativo de reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior con y sin lesiones condrales; resultados funcionales a largo plazo / Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with and without chondral lesions; long term functional results

INTRODUCCIÓN: La lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), es una patología frecuente, y el éxito de la reconstrucción depende de diversos factores, tales como la técnica quirúrgica empleada, la edad del paciente, índice masa corporal, nivel de actividad y lesiones asociadas. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar los resultados funcionales a largo plazo de pacientes con lesiones condrales tratadas y sin lesiones condrales sometidos a la reconstrucción de LCA (RLCA), con autoinjerto semitendinoso-gracilis (ST-G). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio analítico retrospectivo. Cuarenta y nueve pacientes (34 hombres y 15 mujeres), fueron sometidos a la RLCA con autoinjerto ST-G. Se compararon dos grupos. Grupo RLCA + LC: 24 pacientes con lesiones condrales ICRS grado III y IV tratadas en el mismo acto quirúrgico y grupo RLCA: 25 pacientes sin lesiones condrales concomitantes. Las edades promedio fueron de 32 y 28 años en cada grupo respectivamente. La funcionalidad de los pacientes a largo plazo fue evaluada con el test de Lysholm, IKDC y retorno deportivo. Se compararon los promedios de los scores funcionales según cada grupo con Test de Mann-Whitney. La asociación entre ambos grupos y el retorno deportivo se analizó con Test de Chi2. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron con Stata IC 13. RESULTADOS: El seguimiento promedio fue de 106,8 meses (rango: 86­125). Los resultados funcionales obtenidos al comparar el grupo RLCA + LC vs grupo RLCA fueron significativamente peores en el primero, con un promedio del score de Lysholm de 84,87 vs 94,52 (p = 0.0001) e IKDC de 84,43 vs 92,08 (p = 0,004), respectivamente. El retorno deportivo de cada grupo fue de 70,8% y 88% (p = 0,136). CONCLUSIÓN: La funcionalidad a largo plazo de los pacientes con una RLCA y que tengan alguna LC profunda tratada concomitante, es significativamente inferior que aquellos pacientes con RLCA aislada. No existen diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de retorno deportivo entre ambos grupos.

INTRODUCTION: Anterior cruciate ligament injury is a frequent sports injury, and successful reconstruction depends on diverse factors, such as surgical technique, age, body mass index, level of activity and other concomitant cartilage and meniscal lesions. The objective of this study is to retrospectively compare the long term clinical outcomes of ACL hamstring tendon autograft reconstruction with and without concomitant cartilage injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty nine patients (34 men and 15 women) underwent single bundle transtibial ACL reconstruction and were divided in two groups (Group 1: 24 patients with chondral lesions grade III and IV of the ICRS, and Group 2: 25 patients without chondral lesions). Mean age of both groups was 32 and 28 years, respectively. Clinical outcome was evaluated with Lysholm test, IKDC and return to previous level of sport activities. Mean values of of funcional outcome scores between both groups were compared with Mann-Whitney test. Return to previous level of activity in both groups was analyzed with Chi-2 test. The statistical analysis was performed with Stata IC 13. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 106.8 months (range: 86­125). Mean Lysholm test for group 1 vs group 2 was 84.87 and 94.52 (p < 0.001), mean IKDC was 84.43 and 92.08 (p < 0.001), and return to previous sports was 70.8% vs 88% (p = 0.136) for each group. CONCLUSION: Long term clinical outcomes in patients with chondral lesions that underwent ACL reconstruction were significantly lower than patient with isolated ACL injuries. No statistical differences were found in the return to previous sport activities.

Reemplazo de superficie de cóndilo femoral y platillo tibial medial. Indicaciones y técnica quirúrgica / Femoro-tibial resurfacing arthroplasty. Indication and surgical technique

El tratamiento de las lesiones focalizadas del cartílago y la osteoartrosis unicompartimentales de rodilla en pacientes de edad media, continúa siendo un desafío. Los resultados a largo plazo de los tratamientos quirúrgicos utilizando diferentes técnicas como microfracturas, limpieza artroscópica, osteotomías son bien conocidos. Ninguna de estas garantiza una solución definitiva sin necesidad de una nueva intervención luego de los 7 años. Unicap, hemi-prótesis de superficie, es una alternativa prometedora para la restauración del compartimiento medial de la rodilla, en pacientes de edad madura con lesiones osteocondrales, necrosis ósea focalizada y osteoartritis unicompatimental. Objetivo: Describir las indicaciones y la técnica quirúrgica para la utilización de Arthrosurface Unicap femoral y platillo tibial medial.

The treatment of isolated cartilage lesions and degenerative osteoarthritis of the medial compartments of the knee in middle-aged patients remains challenging. There are a variety of operative and non-operative modalities that can be used in these cases. The long results of the different surgical techniques like microfractures, arthroscopic debridement, tibial osteotomy are well known. None of these techniques can guarantee a final solution without further intervention after 7 years. Hemicap arthrosurface arthroplasty is one of the latest alternatives designed to address the pain caused by severe, isolated osteoarthritis (OA) of the Femoro tibial joint (FTJ). Objective: This paper outlines the indications and the surgical procedure for the femoro-tibial HemiCAP arthrosurface for isolated FT chondral lesions.

Management of Focal Chondral Lesion in the Knee Joint

Articular cartilage does not contain vascular, nervous and lymphatic tissue and chondrocytes hardly participate in the healing or repair process of chondral tissue because of being surrounded by plenty of extracellular matrix. Therefore, the injury to articular cartilage frequently requires an operative treatment. The goal of surgical repair of articular cartilage is to regenerate nearly normal chondral tissue and prevent degenerative arthritis caused by the articular cartilage defect. Microfracture is a kind of cartilage repair procedure that makes a fibrin clot containing mesenchymal stem cells in the chondral lesion. Microfracture is a simple procedure but it has a disadvantage that the repaired tissue is fibrocartilage. Autologous chondrocyte implantation has an advantage that it implants fully differentiated chondrocytes to the lesion, which theoretically produces hyaline cartilage. Its disadvantages are that it is a two stage and a costly procedure. Osteochondral autograft transplantation is a one stage procedure and repairs the lesion with hyaline cartilage. But its limitation is the lack of donor site availability. Surgeons who understand the theoretical background, indications, surgical methods, rehabilitation, complications, and clinical course of cartilage repair procedures can achieve the goal of preventing degenerative arthritis.

Meniscectomia parcial artroscopica en niños y adolescentes con lesión meniscal aislada: evaluación funcional y radiológica / Partial arthroscopic meniscectomy in children and adolescent with isolated meniscal tears: functional and radiological evaluation

Meniscal tears in skeletally immature patients are usually associated with discoid menisci and knee ligament lesions. We retrospectively evaluated 20 patients, less than 16 years old, with isolated meniscal tears who underwent partial meniscectomies. A traumatic event caused the tear in 14 patients and in 6 patients there was no evident cause. 9 knees had a discoid meniscus. The average follow-up was longer than 3 years. 18 patients had excellent post operative Lysholm scores. We did not observe degenerative signs on radiographic follow up. 3 patients required another surgery: one had a meniscal re-tear and 2 had a symptomatic chondral lesion of the external femoral condyle. These 2 patients had a bad functional result. Partial meniscectomies in patients younger than 16 years old have excellent functional results without degenerative radiological signs at short to mid term follow-up. Bad results were associated with external tears and secondary chondral lesions.

Las roturas meniscales en niños son poco frecuentes, especialmente sin lesiones asociadas. Se estudian retrospectivamente 21 rodillas de 20 pacientes menores de 16 años sometidos a una meniscectomía parcial por una lesión meniscal aislada. De estas rodillas, 9 presentaron un menisco discoídeo roto. En 14 pacientes la rotura meniscal se produjo por un traumatismo y en 6 la sintomatología se inició espontáneamente. Al final de un seguimiento promedio de 37 meses, 18pacientes tuvieron un resultado funcional excelente. Dos pacientes evolucionaron con una lesión condral del cóndilo femoral externo y tuvieron un resultado insatisfactorio. Tres pacientes fueron reintervenidos. No se observaron signos radiográficos degenerativos. La meniscectomía parcial en pacientes menores de 16 años presenta un porcentaje alto de resultados funcionales excelentes y ausencia de signos radiográficos degenerativos a corto plazo. Los resultados insatisfactorios se asociaron a lesiones condrales secundarias luego de una meniscectomía externa.