Estimación y variabilidad temporal de talla de madurez gonadal de la caballa (Scomber japonicus peruanus) en el litoral peruano / Estimation and temporal variability in size at gonad maturity of Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus peruanus) in the Peruvian littoral

Se estimaron valores de la talla de madurez gonadal (L50) de la caballa (Scomber japonicus peruanus) para los años 1994 - 2017 en el litoral peruano. El análisis se realizó para el periodo noviembre - marzo donde ocurre la mayor actividad reproductiva. La proporción de hembras maduras en relación a la talla se ajustó mediante un modelo logístico binomial, para ello se utilizaron modelos lineales generalizados con efectos mixtos (MLGM) que asumieron efectos aleatorios asociados a los periodos. El ajuste con el MLGM, mediante sus efectos fjos estimó una L50 de 24.8 cm de longitud a la horquilla (LH) (24.69 cm - 24.9 cm), mientras que con cambios entre periodos, mediante sus efectos aleatorios, los valores oscilaron entre 20.4 cm y 27.0 cm de LH en promedio. Se observó que un aumento en la temperatura causó la disminución de la L50 en los periodos 1997 - 1999 y 2015 - 2016, los cuales coinciden con la presencia de eventos El Niño. Una correlación positiva fue encontrada entre las L50 y la biomasa desovante, estos cambios en las L50 podrían indicar un efecto de denso-dependencia. No se mostró una tendencia en la serie de L50, por tanto no habría un efecto de la presión de pesca, traducida como la tasa instantánea de mortalidad por pesca (F) sobre la L50. Sin embargo, creemos que estas disminuciones de la L50, en relación a una baja densidad poblacional y principalmente a un incremento en la F deben darse como un efecto a largo plazo y no en eventos puntuales como se reflejaron en nuestros resultados.

The values of size-at-gonad maturity (L50) of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus peruanus) were estimated for the years 1994 - 2017 in the Peruvian littoral. The analysis was performed for the period November - March where the highest reproductive activity occurs. The proportion of mature females was ftted using a logistic binary model, through generalized linear mixed models (MLGM), which assumes random effects associated with the periods. The GLMM, with fixed effects estimated a L50 of 24.8 cm of fork length (FL) (24.69 cm - 24.9 cm), while with changes between periods, with random effects, L50 ranged between 20.4 cm and 27.0 cm FL. It was observed that an increase in temperature caused the decrease of the L50 in the years 1997 - 1999 and 2015 - 2016, which coincides with El Niño events. A positive correlation was found between the L50 and spawning biomass, so changes in L50 may be a density-dependent effect. There was no trend in the L50 series, so there would be no effect of the fishing mortality (F) on the L50. However, we think that the decrease in the L50 in relation to a low population density and mainly an increase in F should be given as a long-term effect and not in isolated events as our results showed.

Kinetics of color change of osmotically dehydrated chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) during storage at different temperatures

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of storage temperature on the kinetics of color change of chub mackerel dehydrated in a ternary solution (water, glycerol and salt) and vacuum packaged in films. The color of processed fish can change because of lipids and protein oxidation during storage. Samples were stored at 7, 25 and 35 °C for seven months and kinetic models of 0, 1 and 2 order were applied to describe the color changes. It was observed that an increase in the storage temperature improved the changes in the CIE color values (L*, a* and b*). First-order reaction had the best statistical parameters for a* at the three temperatures tested. The temperature dependence of parameter a* indicated an Arrhenius relationship and the activation energy (Ea) was 44.33 kJ/mol. The parameter b* fitted to the proposed models only in samples stored at 35 °C. The L* value decreased during storage at 25 and 35 °C (pale to dark). Storage at refrigeration temperature (7 °C) minimized the color changes.

Histamine production by Enterobacter aerogenes in chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) at various storage temperatures

Abstract Growth of Enterobacter aerogenes and accumulation of histamine in chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) were investigated through measuring bacterial count, histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity and histamine content in fish samples stored at various temperatures from 4 to 37 °C. Results showed that bacterial count and HDC activity rapidly increased in chub mackerel inoculated with E. aerogenes at storage temperature above 20 °C and reached the highest values (8.64 log CFU/g and 31.68 U/g) at 37 °C. Meanwhile, fish samples stored at 25 and 37 °C for 18 h, formed histamine at above 50 mg/100 g of the potential hazard level. In contrast, bacterial growth and histamine formation were controlled for 36 h by cold storage at low temperature (4 °C). Therefore, strict temperature control was necessary for preservation and processing of chub mackerel in order to assure this marine fish safety.

Isolation and identification of Vibrio harveyi from chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus)

For several days, there was a series of mortalities of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) that were reared for public exhibition in a private aquarium in Seoul, Korea. As part of the diagnosis of the dead fish, a bacterial isolate from the kidney was cultured, identified, and confirmed to be Vibrio (V.) harveyi using Vitek System 2 and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was also performed by the neighbor-joining method. As a result, the V. harveyi isolated from chub mackerels of a private aquarium in Korea, called as SNUVh-LW1, was clustered in the same group with V. harveyi ATCC33843.