Effects of 6-week Circuit Training on Anaerobic Performance and Simple Reaction Time in Individuals with Intellectual Disability (ID) in Kelantan State (Kesan Latihan Litar Selama 6 Minggu Terhadap Prestasi Anaerobik dan Tindak Balas Masa Ringkas dalam Individu Kurang Daya Intektual (ID) di Negeri Kelantan) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Participation in exercise benefits health and fitness among Intellectual Disability (ID) individuals. Circuit training is one of the exercise programme that can be tailored by manipulating the intensity, time and types of exercise. The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of six weeks of circuit training on anaerobic fitness and simple reaction time in ID individuals. Thirty participants with mild to moderate ID were selected from individuals who are registered with the Pusat Pemulihan dalam Komuniti (PDK) and Yayasan Orang Kurang Upaya (YOKUK) in the Kelantan state. Participants were randomly divided into Circuit Training and Control groups. Participants in Circuit Training group followed a circuit training exercise programme, two times per week for six weeks, whereas participants in Control group were not involved in circuit training and carried out their regular activities. The anaerobic peak power was significantly decreased (ƿ < 0.001) in Control group after six weeks. The anaerobic power of post-test was significantly improved (ƿ = 0.042) from the pre-test in Circuit Training group and it was also significantly higher (ƿ = 0.001) than Control group. There were no significant differences for the anaerobic capacity and simple reaction time between and within groups. Circuit training can be conducted to enhance anaerobic power in ID individuals, however longer participation may be needed to improve anaerobic capacity and simple reaction time.

Are rating of perceived exertion and heart rate methods useful to monitor the internal training load in functional training?

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to quantify and characterize the Training Load (TL) in a Functional Training (FT) model using Heart Rate (HR) and Session Rating of Perceived Exertion (sRPE) methods, and to verify whether these methods could be valid to monitor the TL during a FT program. Methods: The study design consisted of two phases: phase 1 - composed of a single training session of FT (FTSESSION), in which HR, sRPE, and pre- and post-exercise lactate [La] levels were assessed; phase 2 - composed of a FT program (FTPROGRAM) with eight weeks of duration and two sessions per week. The HR and SRPE were utilized to monitor all training sessions, and the results between sessions 1 vs. 8, 8 vs. 9, and 9 vs. 16 were compared. Results: On phase 1, HR distribution demonstrated that the participants spent about 75% of the total training time above 80% HRmax. Post-exercise [La] values were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than pre-exercise. The mean sRPE score was 8.5 ± 1.2. In phase 2, HR distribution was different between sessions 1-8 and 8-9 (p < 0.05). A strong correlation (r = 0.790) between the internal training load (ITL) and Training impulse (TRIMP) was observed. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that the FTSESSION can be characterized as a high-intensity exercise, based on the pattern of HR responses and sRPE, and was reinforced by the [Lapeak]. Also, the TL monitoring methods (sRPE and TRIMP) proved to be valid for monitoring FT programs.

Circuito de treinamento e capacidades físicas em idosos: uma revisão sistemática / Circuit training and physical capacities in older adults: a systematic review

Introdução: Um dos grandes benefícios que o exercício físico promove no envelhecimento é a preservação das capacidades funcionais. O circuito de treinamento visa melhorar controle corporal, equilíbrio muscular, diminuindo a incidência de lesões e aumentando a eficiência dos movimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as evidências cientificas disponíveis na literatura sobre a relação entre a aplicação do circuito de treinamento e capacidades físicas em idosos. Métodos: Os bancos de dados Bireme, Web of Science, PubMed e Science Direct foram utilizados para a seleção dos artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos. Resultados: Apenas quatro estudos foram selecionados para a realização da revisão sistemática, preenchendo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Conclusão: Diante das evidências existentes em relação à intervenção baseada em circuitos de treinamento, foi observado melhora no funcionamento físico e fisiológico dos idosos.

Introduction: One of the great benefits that physical activity promotes in ageing is the preservation of functional capabilities. The training circuit aims to improve body control, muscle balance, reducing the incidence of injuries and increasing the efficiency of movements. The objective of this work is to present the scientific evidence available in the literature on the relationship between the application of the training circuit and physical capacities in older adults. Methods: the database Bireme, Web of Science, PubMed and Science Direct were used to identify the articles published in the last five years. Results: Only four studies were included to perform the systematic review, fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Conclusion: Regular physical exercise can reduce functional declines by improving physical abilities in older adults. Given the existing evidence regarding circuit-based intervention, the training circuit improves physical and physiological functioning of older adults.

The Effects of Task-Oriented Circuit Training Using Rehabilitation Tools on the Upper-Extremity Functions and Daily Activities of Patients with Acute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of task-oriented circuit training (TOCT) using the rehabilitation tools for upper extremity function upon the daily life of patients with acute stroke. METHODS: Eighteen patients with acute stroke were randomly allocated into either the experimental group or the control group. The experimental group performed the TOCT program using rehabilitation tools, whilst the control group had neuro-developmental treatment. Both groups received 30 minutes of treatment per session, 5~6 times per week, for 4 weeks. The assessments conducted were the Fugl-Meyer assessment, motor activity log and stroke impact scale to compare the upper extremity function and activities of daily living. RESULTS: The results showed a significant improvement in the TOCT group compared with the neuro-developmental treatment group in the amount of motor activity use and high stroke impact score, indicating recovery (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The TOCT program using rehabilitation tools could have a positive impact on acute stroke patients use of their upper extremity.

Designing a Proposed Circuit Training Program for Female College Students.

The decreasing rate in the physical activity of young people, which contributes to the prevalence of obesity, is becoming an alarming trend in the Philippines. One intervention that is proven to promote physical activity and improve physical fitness is circuit training. The purpose of the study was to design a circuit training program for female college students. The respondents were 84 female college students and 8 experts in the field of physical education. The student respondents underwent physical fitness tests. Results of the physical fitness tests and Kravitz’s guide in designing a circuit training program were used in designing of the proposed circuit program. The program was evaluated as excellent by experts from the field of physical education and fitness. This study produced a proposed circuit training program for female college students which may be a viable tool that could promote physical activity and improve their physical fitness.

Effect of cyclic training model on terminal structure of rabbit Achilles tendon: An experimental study / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To observe the effect of cyclic training on histomorphology of the terminal structure of rabbit Achilles tendon, and explore its preventive effect on training-based enthesiopathy. Methods Seventy-two Japanese white rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups: control group, jumping group, running group and cyclic training group, 18 for each. Three rabbits of each group were sacrificed at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th week. The terminal insertion tissues of bilateral Achilles tendons were harvested from these rabbits for observing the pathomorphological changes under light microscope, and pathological scoring and statistical analysis were carried out. Results Light microscopy showed that the tendon fibers and fibrocartilage in the Achilles tendon insertion region were severely damaged in the jumping group, and though the tendon fibers were damaged severely, the injury to the fibrocartilage was comparatively less serious in the running group. The injuries to the tendon fibers and fibrocartilage were milder in the cyclic training group than in the jumping group and running group. In the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th and 8th week, the histopathology score of insertion of Achilles tendon was 1.17±0.12, 2.19±0.15, 3.23±0.20, 4.66±0.16, 4.71±0.18, 4.63±0.13 respectively in the jumping group, and 1.16±0.13, 1.15±0.14, 2.18±0.12, 2.99±0.15, 3.98±0.16, 4.01±0.12 respectively in the running group. Increase in pathological score appeared earlier in the jumping group than in the running group, and a significant increase began at the 3rd week. The difference in pathological score between the two groups originated mainly from the changes in the tidemark. In the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th week, the pathological score of Achilles tendon insertion was 1.13±0.14, 1.16±0.17, 1.15±0.13, 2.18±0.13, 2.17±0.12, 2.92±0.11 respectively in the cyclic training group, and they showed no significant changes as compared with control group at the early stage, but there was an increase at the late stage of the training (6 weeks later), however the score values were lower than those in the jumping group and running group. These changes in score were originated mainly from pathological changes in the paratenon and tidemark. Conclusions Jumping training could lead to severe injury to the fiber tissue and fibrocartilage, while running training might result in severe injury to Achilles tendon insertion structure and lighter injury to the fibrocartilage part. Cyclic training model provides suffcient time for repair and reconstruction of Achilles tendon insertion structure, and decrease the severity of the injury to Achilles tendon insertion region. Therefore, use of cyclic training could not only effectively prevent training-based enthesiopathy, but also accelerate the remodeling of the tissue in the insertion region, thus strengthen the repair ability of Achilles tendon against injury.

CHANGES IN CEREBRAL OXYGENATION DURING A SINGLE BOUT OF COMBINED CIRCUIT TRAINING / 体力科学

The purpose of present study was to investigate the cerebral oxygenation and oxygen uptake (VO₂) during exercise of a combined circuit training (CCT) and a circuit resistance training (CRT). Nine healthy young male subjects performed the following two trails on separate days: 1) CCT trail (three circuits of aerobic exercise for 5 min at 50%VO₂max and 1 set of four resistance exercises at 50% one-repetition maximum) and 2) CRT trail (six circuits of the same resistance exercises and intensity as for CCT without aerobic exercise). Exercise duration of these trails was 30 minutes. Cerebral oxygenation was determined by near infrared spectroscopy, and VO₂ was measured by breath by breath methods. Cerebral oxygenation and VO₂ were continuously monitored during the exercise. Oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin concentration during CCT trail was significantly higher than during CRT trail (<i>p</i><0.05). Average VO₂ and energy expenditure during CCT trail were significantly higher than during CRT trail (<i>p</i><0.05). These results suggest that a single bout of circuit resistance training combined with aerobic exercise induced greater energy expenditure and cerebral oxygenation than those induced by a resistance training with the same exercise duration.

INFLUENCE OF LOW-INTENSITY CIRCUIT TRAINING ON ARTERY STIFFNESS IN FEMALE / 体力科学

The aerobic training reduces the artery stiffness and systolic blood pressure. The anaerobic training such as resistance training, however, is associated with higher artery stiffness. We hypothesized that low-intensity circuit training might improve the large artery stiffness. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of long-term low-intensity circuit training on artery stiffness in sedentary women. Twenty healthy women divided into two groups (training group and control group). In the training group, subjects asked to perform the resistance exercises consisted of arm curls, bench presses, lateral pull-downs, leg presses and squats 3 days per week for 2 months. They conducted 5 sets at 30% of their 10RM. Aerobic capacity (ventilatory threshold [VT]), muscle strength, resting blood pressure, and arterial stiffness index (brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity [baPWV]) were evaluated before and after training period. After the low-intensity circuit training, work rate at VT was significantly increased (108.6±25.6W to 128.1±24.3W). The baPWV was significantly decreased (988.7±80.5cm · sec^-1 to 895.7±62.6cm · sec^-1). In control group, however, there were no significant differences during same duration. These results suggested that long-term low-intensity circuit training attenuates the large artery stiffness in healthy women. This kind of exercise may have great potential to lower the risks of circulatory illness in aged men.