Relationship between Coffee Consumption and Dry Eye Syndrome in Korean Adults: 2010–2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BACKGROUND: Dry eye is a common disease, and coffee is a popular beverage that is heavily consumed in Korea and worldwide. We examined the correlation between coffee consumption and dry eye.METHODS: This study was performed using data from the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was a cross-sectional study of the Korean population conducted from 24 months. We included adults aged ≥19 years who underwent ophthalmologic examination and excluded those who had comorbid conditions with dry eye. The subjects were divided into dry eye and control groups. The dry eye group consisted of those who had been clinically diagnosed with dry eye. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between coffee consumption and dry eye.RESULTS: An inverse correlation was found between coffee consumption and dry eye in the group that consumed 3 cups of coffee a day (P=0.001). However, after multivariate adjustment, the statistical significance of the correlation disappeared (P=0.283).CONCLUSION: Consumption of 3 cups of coffee a day in comparison to non-consumption group was negatively correlated with dry eye in an univariate analysis model, but the correlation was not statistically significant after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, binge drinking, sun exposure time and history of eye surgery.

Correlation of Coffee Consumption, Lifestyle, and Nutrient Density

This study evaluated the nutrient intake with increasing coffee consumption for 403 adults aged over 30 years in Korea. The 403 subjects were national health screening examinees, who visited Sahmyook Seoul Hospital's Comprehensive Check-up Center between 2017.11.01 and 2018.12.18. The subjects were asked to answer questionnaires covering a 24-hour recall fluid and dietary intake before the health examination. The research ethics council of Sahmyook University (2-7001793-AB-N-012019036HR) approved this study. Coffee consumption exceeding two servings daily was more likely in males, in those aged between 30 and 40 years, and in the smoking, drinking, non-exercise, non-breakfast groups compared to each counterpart. The correlation between the coffee consumption frequency and current nutrient density showed negative correlations in most micronutrients. The mean nutrient density decreased gradually with increasing coffee consumption (2 servings daily) in the ANOVA analysis. Therefore, the progressive adverse health effects of excessive coffee consumption needs to be researched further, and a daily total caffeine limit should be suggested in education of the nation levels.

The Association between Coffee Consumption and Bone Status in Young Adult Males according to Calcium Intake Level

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between coffee consumption and bone status (bone mineral density and bone metabolism-related markers) according to calcium intake level in Korean young adult males. Healthy and nonsmoking males (19-26 years, n = 330) participated in this study. Anthropometric measurements, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes were surveyed. Bone status of the calcaneus was measured by using quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Bone metabolism-related markers including serum total alkaline phosphatase activity (TALP), N-mid osteocalcin (OC), and type 1 collagen C-terminal telopeptide (1CTP) were analyzed. The subjects were divided into two groups based on daily calcium intake level: a calcium-sufficient group (calcium intake ≥ 75% RI, n = 171) and a calcium-deficient group (calcium intake < 75% RI, n = 159). Each group was then further divided into three subgroups based on daily average coffee consumption: no-coffee, less than one serving of coffee per day, and one or more servings of coffee per day. There were no significant differences in height, body weight, body mass index, energy intake, or calcium intake among the three coffee consumption subgroups. QUS parameters and serum 1CTP, TALP, and OC were not significantly different among either the two calcium-intake groups or the three coffee consumption subgroups. Our results may show that current coffee consumption level in Korean young men is not significantly associated with their bone status and metabolism according to the calcium intake level.

Tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol y de café en el espectro de los factores de riesgo para la muerte cardíaca súbita / Smoking and alcohol and coffee consumption as risk factors for sudden cardiac death

Objetivo: describir la forma en que el tabaquismo, el consumo de alcohol y de café adoptaron la categoría de riesgo en los fallecidos por muerte cardíaca súbita (MCS) atendidos en el Hospital Julio Trigo López en el período 2007-2011. Métodos: estudio observacional, analítico, de casos y controles no pareados, para lo cual se analizaron 600 casos de muertes naturales cardíacas y se estableció una comparación 1:2 (caso/control) de forma que en 200 fallecidos la causa de muerte fue: cardíaca súbita y en otros 400, cardíaca no súbita. Resultados: se encontró que el tabaquismo (OR= 4,08) y el consumo de alcohol (OR= 1,70) tuvieron una poderosa fuerza de asociación estadística con los fallecidos de muerte cardíaca súbita (casos); al igual que al evaluar la presencia de lesiones en el árbol vascular coronario se encontró una fuerza de asociación estadística positiva especialmente en el grupo de los casos con OR= 5,5 para la variable tabaquismo y OR= 4,8 para el consumo de alcohol. Un trombo coronario fresco y/o infarto agudo de miocardio fue responsable del 63,8 por ciento de las muertes cardiovasculares, particularmente significativo para el grupo de fallecidos de causas cardíacas (p= 0,000), el 75,5 por ciento de los casos. Conclusiones: para ambos grupos de análisis, el tabaquismo comportó una significación estadística poderosa, no obstante existió predominio en el grupo de MCS; el consumo de alcohol reportó evidencias de constituir un factor de riesgo potencial en los fallecidos de MCS y la existencia de lesiones ateroscleróticas significativas en ambos grupos refrenda la aseveración de su existencia como FR. El efecto potencialmente beneficioso del consumo de café se vio anulado por el adicionamiento del tabaquismo y la imposibilidad de controlar la variable...

Objective: describe the role of smoking and alcohol and coffee consumption as risk factors in the cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD) recorded at Julio Trigo López Hospital in the period 2007-2011. Methods: analytical observational unmatched case-control study. Results: it was found that smoking (OR= 4.08) and alcohol consumption (OR= 1.70) exhibited a strong statistical association with the cases of sudden cardiac death. On the other hand, evaluation of the presence of lesions on the coronary vascular tree revealed a strong positive statistical association mainly in the group of cases with OR= 5.5 for the variable smoking and OR= 4.8 for alcohol consumption. A fresh coronary thrombus and/or AMI were responsible for 63.8 percent of the cardiovascular deaths. This was particularly significant in the group of deaths due to cardiac causes (p= 0.000), reaching 75.5 percent of the cases. Conclusions: in both study groups, smoking showed strong statistical significance, but it was predominant in the SCD group. Alcohol consumption was found to be a potential RF in SCD cases. The presence of significant atherosclerotic lesions in both groups confirms its status as a RF. The potentially beneficial effect of coffee could not be determined, for it was accompanied by smoking. Hence the impossibility of controlling the variable...

El café y sus efectos en la salud cardiovascular y en la salud materna / Coffee, caffeine and its effects on cardiovascular health and maternal health

Caffeine is the principal active component of coffee and the effects of coffee consumption are mainly associated to this component. Caffeine is a methylxanthine, which acts as antagonist of adenine receptors at the nervous system. A great number of health effects, both beneficial and detrimental, have been associated to caffeine consumption: such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, hepatic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, are included as the main targets. The present work reviews two of the main concerns about coffee and caffeine consumption: cardiovascular disease and maternal health (perinatal period). The general conclusion is that caffeine consumption up to 300 mg/day does not constitute a risk of myocardial infarction, hypertension, or modification of cardiovascular risk markers such as reactive C protein or homocysteine plasmatic levels. Similar conclusions are reached about the maternal health. Moderate caffeine consumption (300 mg/day or less) does not constitute a major risk of less conception, increased gestational diabetes, decrease fetal growth, or congenital defects. However, absence frisk may not be interpreted as a signal to stimulate coffee consumption during pregnancy. Future mothers, which are moderated coffee consumers, may be suggested to continue this consumption during pregnancy, but under medical supervision.

La cafeína es el principal componente activo del café y los efectos del consumo de café se asocian mayoritariamente a la cafeína, una metilxantina que actúa como antagonista de los receptores de adenina en el sistema nervioso. Son numerosos los efectos en la salud atribuidos a la cafeína, siendo algunos benéficos y otros deletéreos: en la salud cardiovascular, diabetes tipo 2, tolerancia a la glucosa y sensibilidad a la insulina, en la cinosis hepática y el carcinoma hepatocelular, entre otros efectos. Este artículo realiza una revisión de dos aspectos de preocupación en la salud pública relacionados con el consumo de café y la cafeína: su efecto en la salud cardiovascular y en la salud maternal (período perinatal). La conclusión general es que el consumo de cafeína, hasta 300 mg/día, no constituye un mayor riesgo de infarto al miocardio, de hipertensión, o de modificación de los niveles plasmáticos de indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular, como la proteína C reactiva y la homocisteína. En relación a la salud maternal, las conclusiones son similares, un consumo moderado de cafeína (300 mg/día o menos) no constituye un riesgo de menor concepción, de diabetes gestacional, de menor crecimiento fetal, o de defectos congénitos. La ausencia de riesgo, sin embargo, no constituye un estímulo al consumo de café durante el embarazo. Si el consumo de café por parte de la futura madre es moderado, puede considerarse la continuación del consumo durante el embarazo bajo supervisión médica.

Café, cafeína vs. salud revisión de los efectos del consumo de café en la salud

El consumo de café puede tener efectos positivos y riesgos para la salud de las personas que lo ingieren, según la evidencia encontrada en estudios epidemiológicos y experimentales que demuestran la relación del café con la memoria, las funciones intelectuales, las enfermedades neurodegerativas, diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedad hepática, y la función ergogénica, como los posibles efectos benéficos. Los efectos adversos incluyen: aumento en la severidad de patologías gastrointestinales, alteraciones en la concepción, aumento en la presión arterial y el colesterol que constituye riesgo para la salud cardiovascular e interacción con algunos nutrientes impidiendo su correcta absorción. Todos estos efectos, están sujetos a las características fisiopatológicas y a la susceptibilidad individual. Este artículo tiene como propósito presentar argumentos basados en la evidencia científica que servirán para sensibilizar a las personas en la toma de una decisión consciente frente al consumo.

Coffee consumption can have positive and risky health effects to the people who drink it according to the evidence found in experimental and epidemiological studies which demonstrate the relation of coffee with memory, intellectual functions, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes type 2 and hepatic diseases, and the ergogenic function, like the possible beneficial effects. The adverse effects include the increase in the severity of gastrointestinal pathologies, fertility alterations, increase in the arterial pressure and cholesterol, which constitutes a risk in the cardiovascular health and interaction with some nutrients preventing its correct absorption. All these effects are subject to physiopathological characteristics and the individual susceptibility. The purpose of this article is to present arguments based on the scientific evidence which will serve to sensitize people to take a conscious decision about the consumption of this drink.

Daily Lifestyles and Anti-Mutagenicity of Saliva

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between lifestyle and the anti-mutagenicity of saliva. Methods: Subjects were 52 healthy female university students. The collection of the saliva samples and the lifestyle measurements were carried out for them. The anti-mutagenicity of the saliva was measured using the umu test. Results: With regard to the lifestyle items, only “nutrient balance” tended to contribute positively to the inhibiting capacity of the saliva on the mutagenicity of AF-2. In addition, there was a significant inverse correlation between the score of 7 other items and the inhibiting capacity of the saliva (r=−0.32; p<0.05). We also found a significant relation between their tea and/or coffee consumption and the inhibiting capacity of the saliva. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the inhibiting capacity of saliva worked to decrease mutagen levels that were enhanced by poor lifestyle. In addition, “nutrient balance” may contribute to the inhibiting capacity of the saliva independent of 7 other items. With regard to the tea and/or coffee consumption, further studies should be carried out.

Daily lifestyles and anti-mutagenicity of saliva

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between lifestyle and the antimutagenicity of saliva.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Subjects were 52 healthy female university students. The collection of the saliva samples and the lifestyle measurements were carried out for them. The anti-mutagenicity of the saliva was measured using the umu test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With regard to the lifestyle items, only "nutrient balance" tended to contribute positively to the inhibiting capacity of the saliva on the mutagenicity of AF-2. In addition, there was a significant inverse correlation between the score of 7 other items and the inhibiting capacity of the saliva (r=-0.32; p<0.05). We also found a significant relation between their tea and/or coffee consumption and the inhibiting capacity of the saliva.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These findings suggest that the inhibiting capacity of saliva worked to decrease mutagen levels that were enhanced by poor lifestyle. In addition, "nutrient balance" may contribute to the inhibiting capacity of the saliva independent of 7 other items. With regard to the tea and/or coffee consumption. further studies should be carried out.</p>