Comportamento sexual de risco em jovens: aspectos cognitivos e emocionais / Sexual risk behavior in youngsters: cognitive and emotional aspects / Conducta sexual de riesgo en jóvenes: aspectos cognitivos y emocionales

O estudo avalia a contribuição dos construtos da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado e variáveis emocionais sobre a intenção de repetir o comportamento de manter relações sexuais sem preservativo entre jovens. Participaram 1.245 estudantes com idades entre 15 e 24 anos, de Canoas/RS. A prevalência do comportamento foi de 40% (500 jovens), os quais constituíram a amostra. Os instrumentos usados foram: questionário baseado na Teoria do Comportamento Planejado aplicada ao comportamento e sobre a intensidade de emoções básicas antes, durante e depois da realização. Os dados foram analisados através de regressão linear múltipla. No modelo final, o construto atitude se apresentou como o maior preditor da intenção (80%). As emoções de medo depois, alegria antes e culpa depois explicaram, conjuntamente, 12,5%. Os resultados indicam a influência dos aspectos emocionais na realização do comportamento e revelam a prioridade do componente atitudinal na predição da intenção de realizar relações sexuais sem preservativo entre jovens...

The study assesses the contribution of the Theory of Planned Behavior's constructs and emotional variables on the intention to repeat the behavior of maintain sexual intercourse without using condom among youngsters. Participated 1,245 students aged between 15 and 24 years, from Canoas/RS. The prevalence of the behavior was 40% (500 youngsters), which constituted the sample. The instruments were: questionnaire on the Theory of Planned Behavior applied to behavior and on the intensity of basic emotions before, during and after implementation. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. In the final model, the attitude presented itself as the greatest predictor of intention (80%). The emotions of fear after, joy before and guilt after, jointly, explained 12,5%. Results indicate the importance of emotional aspects in the behavior realization, but reveal the priority of the attitudinal component in the prediction of the intention to have sex without condom among youngsters...

El estudio evalúa la contribución de los constructos de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado y variables emocionales sobre la intención de repetir la conducta de mantener relaciones sexuales sin preservativo entre jóvenes. Participaron 1245 estudiantes con edad entre 15 y 24 años, de Canoas/RS. La prevalencia de la conducta fue de 40% (500 jóvenes), los cuales constituyeron la muestra. Los instrumentos fueron: cuestionario sobre la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado aplicada a la conducta y sobre la intensidad de emociones básicas antes, durante y después de la realización. Los datos fueron analizados a través de regresión lineal múltiple. En el modelo final la actitud presentóse como el mayor predictor de la intención (80%). Las emociones de miedo después, alegría antes y culpa después explicaron conjuntamente el 12,5%. Los resultados indican la importancia de los aspectos emocionales en la realización de la conducta, pero revelan la prioridad del componente actitudinal en la predicción de la intención de mantener relaciones sexuales sin preservativo entre jóvenes...

Interés situacional en clase de Lengua Española en secundaria: relaciones estructurales con el compromiso, el desapego y el rendimiento / Situational Interest in Spanish Language Class on Secondary Education: Structural Relations with Engagement, Disaffection, and Performance

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar un modelo que relaciona interés, compromiso y rendimiento. El estudio evaluó tres modalidades de interés situacional (activado, mantenido-afecto y mantenido-valor), el compromiso conductual, el desapego conductual y el rendimiento en clase de Lengua Española. Estas variables se evaluaron en el aula a lo largo de un período de nueve meses en una muestra de 565 alumnos españoles de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 17 años (Media = 13.78 años; DE = 1.14). Una serie de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales reveló que las tres modalidades del interés situacional predijeron significativamente el compromiso, el desapego y el rendimiento; compromiso y desapego predijeron el rendimiento; como se había hipotetizado, compromiso y desapego mediaron los efectos del interés situacional sobre el rendimiento académico. Para concluir, se discuten los resultados y sus implicaciones para la teoría del interés y para los programas de intervención educativa.

The purpose of this study was to test a model linking interest, engagement, and performance. The study assessed three types of situational interest (triggered, maintained-feeling, and maintained-value), behavioral engagement, behavioral disaffection, and performance in Spanish language classes. These variables were assessed in the classroom over a nine-month period on a sample of 565 Spanish secondary students aged 12 to 17 years (Mean age = 13.78 years; SD = 1.14). A series of structural equation models revealed that the three types of situational interest significantly predicted engagement, disaffection, and performance; engagement and disaffection also predicted performance; as hypothesized, engagement and disaffection mediated the effects of situational interest on academic performance. To conclude, the implications of these findings are discussed in the light of current theory of interest and educational intervention programmes.

Evaluation of Cognitive Functions in Patients with Narcolepsy / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate attention, memory and executive function in patients with narcolepsy. METHODS: This study included 23 narcoleptic patients whose diagnosis were confirmed by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders(ICSD) at Chonnam National University Hospital Sleep Disorders Clinic or an other hospital in Korea, from 2005 to 2008, as well as 23 normal controls. All participants were given an IQ test for Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and several neuropsychological function tests (the d2 test for attention function, the Rey Complex Figure Test for nonverbal memory, the Korean-California Verbal Learning Test [K-CVLT] for verbal memory, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test for executive function). Clinical features of narcoleptic patients, including the frequency of excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucination, were investigated by a structured clinical interview administered by a neuropsychiatist. Excessive daytime sleepiness was evaluated by the Epworth sleepiness scale. RESULTS: Characteristic symptoms of narcolepsy observed in this study included excessive daytime sleepiness (n=23, 100.0%), cataplexy (n=19, 82.6%), hypnagogic hallucination (n=5, 21.7%) and sleep paralysis (n=12, 52.2%). In nocturnal polysomnographic findings, stage 2 sleep and REM latency were found to be significantly decreased in narcoleptic patients compared with the control group, and were accompanied by significant increases in stage 1 sleep. Narcoleptic patients had lower scores than the control group on total number, Total Number-Total Error, Concentration Performance and Fluctuation Rate on the d2 test, which measures attention. Also, there were significant differences between the performance of patient and control groups on the B list of the K-CVLT, which measures verbal memory. CONCLUSION: Narcoleptic patients showed decreased attention and verbal memory performance compared to the control group; however, in many areas, narcoleptic patients still demonstrated normal cognitive function.

Evaluation of Cognitive Functions, Depression, Life Satisfaction among the Elderly Receiving Visiting Nursing Services / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive functions, depression, and life satisfaction among the elderly receiving visiting nursing services. METHODS: The subjects of this study consisted of 221 elderly individuals who were receiving visiting nursing services from a public health center located in Gyeonggi-do. The Mini-mental State Examination Korea version (MMSE-K), Geriatric Depression Scale-short form-Korea version (GDS-K), and Life Satisfaction Scale were utilized to determine cognitive functions, depression, and life satisfaction. Collected data was analyzed by the SPSS PC Win 12.0 program. RESULTS: The prevalence of cognitive impairment (MMSE-K or =10) was 22.6%. Older age, lower education, and low income were associated with cognitive impairment, and low education, no religion, and low income were associated with depression. Cognitive function negatively correlated with depression. Life satisfaction level was fairly low and was not associated with any variables. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of cognitive impairment and low life satisfaction status were determined among low-income elderly who were registered at a visiting health care center. Thus, in the future at visiting health care services, efficient and various programs for the elderly should be tried, to improve cognitive functions and reduce depression. Additionally, consistent evaluation studies for those programs will be required.