RESUMO
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo presentar la utilidad de la Entrevista Cognitiva como he rramienta para ajustar, al contexto organizacional costarricense, la escala Denison (DOCS, por sus siglas en inglés) para medir la cultura organizacional previamente adaptada a Valencia, España, por Bonavia, Prado y Barberá (2009). La DOCS fue desarrollada, de forma original en inglés por Denison (1984), Denison & Mishra (1995) y Fey & Denison (2003). Para la adaptación, se aplicó la Entrevista Cognitiva a una muestra de 15 individuos con cargos de supervisión o gerencia en organizaciones con 25 o más empleados. Con base en los resultados de las entrevistas, se ajustó el lenguaje de la escala al contexto nacional. Posteriormente, esta última se aplicó en dos muestras de participantes con características similares, pero provenientes de dos poblaciones diferentes, concre tamente: a) 314 estudiantes, de un total de 445, de las Maestrías en Administración de Empresas y de Gestión de Proyectos del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica que, para su admisión, requieren experiencia profesional previa, preferiblemente en cargos de supervisión y gerencia; b) 368 gerentes de un marco muestral de 1743 empresas provenientes de diversas asociaciones empresariales nacio nales. En ambas muestras se efectuaron 8 análisis factoriales confirmatorios utilizando el software EQS 6.3, con el fin de explorar la dimensionalidad de la escala adaptada y depurar la versión final. Los resultados confirman que la Entrevista Cognitiva fue una herramienta valiosa en este proceso y que la escala final (denominada DOCSCR-V2) muestra un adecuado funcionamiento en el contexto organizacional costarricense.
The present study aims to present the Cognitive Interview as a useful pre-test tool for adapting the Denison Organizational Culture Survey (DOCS) to the Costa Rican business context, it was pre viously adapted in Valencia, Spain by Bonavia, Prado & Barberá (2009). The DOCS scale was origi nally developed in English by Denison (1984), Denison & Mishra (1995) and Fey & Denison (2003). The Cognitive Interview was applied to a sample of 15 individuals with supervisory or managerial positions in organizations with 25 or more employees. Based on the results of the interviews the scale was adjusted to local parlance. It was then applied in two samples, with similar characteristics, but belonging two different populations: a) 314 students drawn from 445 active students enrolled in Master's Programs (MBA and Project Management) at the Costa Rican Institute of Technology, whose prerequisite for admission stipulates experience in professional positions, preferably supervisory and managerial, and; b) 368 managers drawn from a sampling frame of 1743 companies from various business associations. Eight types of confirmatory factor analyses were performed using EQS 6.3 software in order to explore the dimensionality of the adapted scale and to debug the final version. The Cognitive Interview was confirmed as a valuable tool in this process and the final scale (de nominated DOCSCR-V2) demonstrated adequate functioning in the Costa Rican organizational context.
RESUMO
Abstract Adults with phenylketonuria (PKU) experience disturbances in mood. This study used qualitative and quantitative techniques to adapt the 65-item Profile of Mood States (POMS) for the assessment of key mood domains in adults with PKU. First, cognitive interviews on 58 POMS items (excluding 7 Friendliness domain items) among 15 adults and adolescents (age ≥16 years) with PKU were conducted to eliminate items poorly understood or considered irrelevant to PKU; 17 items were removed. Next, the remaining POMS items were quantitatively examined (Mokken scaling and Rasch analysis) in 115 adult patients with PKU. An additional 21 items were removed iteratively, resulting in the 20-item draft PKU-POMS. Finally, the psychometric properties of the draft PKU-POMS were examined. The instrument displayed strong psychometric properties (reliability, validity, and responsiveness) over 6 domains (Anxiety, Depression, Anger, Activity, Tiredness, and Confusion) and all items were well understood in the final cognitive interviews with 10 adults with PKU.
RESUMO
Conhecer as diferentes etapas do desenvolvimento humano é uma competência essencial para o entrevistador em contexto policial e forense. É imprescindível adaptar a entrevista em função da avaliação das competências da testemunha. Este artigo caracteriza as etapas do desenvolvimento humano ao longo da infância e adolescência, destacando o desenvolvimento da memória e outras competências relevantes para a entrevista de testemunhas. Analisou-se ainda a adequabilidade de várias metodologias utilizadas para este fim, salientando algumas diretrizes fundamentais para a condução de uma boa entrevista. Por fim, focou-se na Entrevista Cognitiva Melhorada enquanto técnica promissora para entrevistar crianças e adolescentes. Pretende-se não apenas rever de forma crítica a literatura existente, mas também construir um guia para os profissionais desta área.
Knowing the different developmental stages is an essential skill for the forensic or police interviewer. It is crucial to adapt the interview according to the witness developmental assessment. This article describes the stages of human development throughout childhood and adolescence, with particular emphasis on the development of memory and other skills involved in the interview process. The appropriateness of several methodologies used for interviewing child witnesses is discussed, as well as some fundamental guidelines for conducting a good interview. Lastly, the article focuses on the Enhanced Cognitive Interview as a promising technique for interviewing children and adolescents. The aim of this study is not only to critically review the existing studies, but also to write a guide for professionals in this area.