Mediating effect of negative cognitive processing bias in the relationship between pathological narcissism and interpersonal conflict in college students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the mediating role of negative cognitive processing bias between pathological narcissism and interpersonal conflict of college students.Methods:The pathological narcissism, negative cognitive processing bias and interpersonal conflict of 540 college students were investigated by the super brief-PNI, negative cognitive processing bias questionnaire and NRI-relationship quality version.Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and reliability test of the questionnaires were conducted by SPSS 27.0 software.Amos 23.0 software was used for structural equation modeling, and the nonparametric percentile Bootstrap method based on deviation correction was used for intermediary effect test.Results:The scores of pathological narcissism, negative cognitive processing bias and interpersonal conflict were (3.33±0.86), (2.41±0.60) and (2.34±0.77), respectively.Pathological narcissism, negative cognitive processing bias and interpersonal conflict were significantly positively correlated ( r=0.38-0.94, all P<0.01). Negative cognitive processing bias played full mediating role in the relationship between pathological narcissism and interpersonal conflict. The model was well fitted ( χ2/ df=2.63, CFI =0.99, NFI=0.98, IFI=0.99, TLI=0.98, RMSEA=0.05). Path analysis and mediation test showed that pathological narcissism had a significant predictive effect on the total effect of interpersonal conflict among college students ( β=0.52, P<0.001). Pathological narcissism had a significant predictive effect on negative cognitive processing bias ( β=0.64, P<0.001). Negative cognitive processing bias had a significant predictive effect on interpersonal conflict ( β=0.76, P<0.001). Pathological narcissism didn’t predict the direct effect of interpersonal conflict significantly ( β=0.03, P>0.05). Conclusion:Pathological narcissism has a positive predictive effect on interpersonal conflict among college students.Negative cognitive processing bias plays a complete intermediary role between pathological narcissism and interpersonal conflict.

Influence of tomoxetine hydrochloride on the cognitive processing of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the influence of tomoxetine hydrochloride on the cognitive processing of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:From January 2018 to July 2021, 62 ADHD children who were treated with tomoxetine hydrochloride for the first time for(8±4) weeks were selected as the ADHD group.And 62 healthy children matched with age and sex were selected as the healthy control group.Pre-test and post-test by the Das-Naglieri: Cognitive Assessment System(DN: CAS) were performed to evaluate the cognitive function of all individuals.The differences of cognitive processing in pre-treatment and post-treatment of ADHD group were compared with those in healthy control group.The difference between before and after treatment of ADHD group was also compared.SPSS 26.0 statistical software was adopted for statistical analysis.The scores of ADHD group pre-treatment and post-treatment were compared by paired sample t-test, and the scores of ADHD group pre-treatment and post-treatment were compared with those of healthy control group by independent sample t-test. Results:Compared with healthy control group, there were lower of planning score((18.77±5.92) vs (28.56±5.55)), attention score((22.24±5.93) vs (29.56±6.16)), simultaneous processing ((34.21±7.75) vs (37.61±6.29)), successive processing((30.37±7.12) vs (33.74±5.43)), and the total scores((105.60±21.29) vs (134.84±22.87)) in ADHD group before treatment, and there were significant differences( t=9.49, 6.74, 2.68, 2.96, 7.36, all P<0.05). Compared with healthy control group, there were lower of planning score ((22.13±5.99)s), attention score((25.26±7.11) with significant difference( t=6.20, 3.60, both P<0.05) in ADHD group after treatment.And there was no significant difference in the simultaneous processing test and the successive processing test after treatment compared with the healthy control group(both P>0.05). In ADHD group, the scores of planning, simultaneous processing, attention, successive processing and the total score were significantly higher after treatment than those before treatment and there were significant differences( t=-6.03, -4.13, -4.77, -5.48, -8.59, all P<0.05). (2) Compared with the healthy control group, there were lower of matching number score and other 8 sub-test scales in DN: CAS test in ADHD group before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Meanwhile, there were still lower of matching number score and other 4 sub-test scales in DN: CAS test in ADHD group after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The matching number score and other 10 sub-test scales in DN: CAS test in ADHD group after treatment were all higher than those of before treatment(all P<0.05). Conclusion:The planning, attention, simultaneous processing, successive processing and total cognitive function of ADHD children were significantly improved after treatment with tomoxetine hydrochloride, special for simultaneous processing and successive processing.

Facilitadores en el procesamiento cognitivo de la información rítmica. Revisión de la literatura sobre los conceptos de pulso, tempo, metro y acento / Facilitating factors in the cognitive processing of rhythmic information. A review of the literature on the concepts of pulse, tempo, meter and accent

Resumen Los modelos de percepción del ritmo han estudiado una importante variedad de características generales de las estructuras temporales y elementos específicos del ritmo musical, y presentan un grado de heterogeneidad en los objetos de estudio. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las investigaciones convergen en el análisis de los procesos relacionados con la detección, por parte del oyente, de un pulso temporal subyacente. Estos procesos, junto con otros como la agrupación temporal, se han denominado "aspectos básicos" o "primitivos", ya que parecen fundamentales para la percepción de secuencias rítmicas simples. En el presente trabajo se hace una revisión de la literatura en la que se describen, sintetizan y relacionan los hallazgos de las investigaciones vinculadas con el procesamiento cognitivo de los aspectos rítmicos básicos (pulso, tempo, metro y acento) con el objeto de especificar ciertas características temporales que facilitan la comprensión psicológica del ritmo. La información presentada se ha obtenido de revistas científicas indexadas y de textos fundamentales en el estudio del procesamiento temporal y rítmico a nivel cognitivo. En relación con el pulso, parece existir consenso en que los seres humanos tienden a la isocronía y a la regularidad, y el espectro de tempo óptimo es aquel que oscila entre 60 y 120 pulsos por minuto. Los niños pequeños tendrían un tempo preferido más rápido. El metro conforma un marco que permite la previsibilidad y organización de los eventos rítmicos futuros, y se evidencia una predisposición de las personas hacia los metros binarios por sobre los ternarios. Los hallazgos presentados en este artículo deben ser considerados en el futuro para promover la comprensión psicológica del ritmo en diversos contextos individuales y/o grupales, especialmente en educación musical.

Abstract Rhythm perception models have studied an important variety of general characteristics of temporal structures and specific elements of musical rhythm, presenting a degree of heterogeneity in study objects. However, most of the research converges in the study of processes related to the listener's detection of an underlying temporal pulse. This, along with other processes such as temporal grouping, have been referred to as basic or primitive aspects, since they seem fundamental to the perception of simple rhythmic sequences. In the present work, a review of the literature in which research findings related to the cognitive processing of basic rhythmic aspects are described, synthesized and related: pulse, tempo, meter and accent. This review aims to specify certain temporal characteristics that facilitate the psychological understanding of rhythm. The information presented has been obtained from scientific journals indexed in Wos and Scopus; from Research Handbook on Education-Musical Cognition and; from fundamental texts in the study of temporal and rhythmic processing at the cognitive level. Among the basic elements that make up the musical rhythm, perhaps the most intrinsic and natural is the pulse. There seems to be consensus that humans, either by processes of enculturation or by biological aspects mainly related to the nervous system, tend to isochronyand regularity. Pulse velocity, called in musical language as tempo, is an important factor to consider when facilitating the processing of rhythmic structures. This is how, the preferred pulse or optimal tempo spectrum for all, regardless of musical formation, age, or personal characteristics; ranges from 60 to 120 pulses or beats per minute (bpm). In addition, recent research findings show that young children have a preferred tempo of 140-150 bpm (400 ms approximately), which is a faster rate for adults: 100 bpm (600 ms approximately). This preference for fast tempi, decreases with age, showing improved responses to a greater diversity of slow and fast tempi thanks to the increase in cognitive and motor development. The meter is another factor that strongly influences the psychological understanding of the rhythm. The meter has been defined as a sequence of regular pulse cycles that include "strong" and "soft" impacts organized at hierarchical levels. It has been proposed that the meter forms a framework for rhythmic expectation that anticipates the central or accented pulse, allowing the predictability and organization of future rhythmic events involved in a fragment or piece of music. This process appears to be automatic and is explained by the brain constantly setting predictions by comparing the previous information accumulated with the sensory stimulus it perceives from the outside. In the context of Western music, a predisposition by listeners towards binary meters (sequences of accented pulses every two, four, etc.) has been proposed rather than to the ternaries (pulse sequences accentuated every three, six, etc.). This has led to hypothesize regarding the existence of improved processing for hierarchical binary relationships in contrast to the more complex or ternary. Finally, the findings presented in this article should be considered in the future to promote psychological understanding of the rhythm in various individual and/or group contexts, especially in formative - musical areas.

Impact of life events on mental health of recruits: The mediating effects of negative cognitive processing bias / 解放军医学杂志

Objective: To explore the relationship of life events, negative cognitive processing bias (NCPB) and mental health of recruits. Methods: The Life Events Scale (LES), NCPB questionnaire and Military Mental Health Scale (MHS) were used for investigation in 2193 recruits from a certain troop. The SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the data. T-test and ANOVA were adopted to explore the influence of demographic factors on the mental health of recruits. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship of life events and NCPB to the mental health of recruits. The influence of life events and NCPB on the mental health of recruits was investigated by regression analysis. The mediating effect analysis was conducted for in-depth discussing the influence of NCPB in life events on the mental health of recruits. Results: Male and highly educated recruits had significantly higher scores in mental health ability and quality (P<0.01, P<0.05). Scores of life events and NCPB total score and its factors were negatively correlated with the mental health ability and quality of recruits (r=-0.07-0.46, P<0.01), and positively correlated with the mental health status (r=0.08-0.45, P<0.01). The mental health status of recruits was predictable with negative events, negative atention bias and negative rumination bias in an interpretation rate of 24.1%. Path analytic model showed that NCPB mediated the relationship between life events and mental health of recruits. Conclusion: Life events and NCPB are closely related with the mental health of recruits, and NCPB acts as an intermediary between life events and mental health; reduces life events and NCPB is helpful in maintaining and promoting the mental health of recruits.

The relationship of sports practice with motor performance, selective attention, cognitive flexibility and processing speed in children aged 7 to 10 years / A relação da prática esportiva com o desempenho motor, atenção seletiva, flexibilidade cognitiva e velocidade de processamento em crianças de 7 a 10 anos

INTRODUCTION: Sports initiation is usually started during childhood and adolescence, and the beneficial effects of this practice for physical and motor capacities are already known. Recent research has shown the potential of sports to stimulate and modify cognitive development. OBJECTIVE: To verify the relationship of sports practice during childhood on cardiorespiratory, motor, attention, cognitive flexibility and cognitive processing speed. METHODS: 130 students aged 7 to 10 years participated in the study, of which 68 were athletes and 62 non-athletes, divided into sports group and control group. The researchers carried out three visits for the application of the research instruments, which were carried out in a randomized manner within the school premises, divided into three blocks: 1) attention test for cancellation and test of tracks A and B (applied collectively); 2) jumping tests; 3) anamnesis, body composition and the Körperkoordination für Kinder (KTK) test. RESULTS: Children practicing sports obtained lower values in the weight (28 ± 10.08 kg vs 33.9 ± 15.3 kg), waist circumference (57.8 ± 7.7 cm vs 61.7 ± 9.6 cm) and circumference of the hip (69.1 ± 9.5 cm vs 72.8 ± 10.5 cm). In addition, we observed higher values in single-hops scores (96.9 ± 17.3 vs 85.6 ± 14.3) and lateral jumps scores (99.1 ± 18.8 vs 91.2 ± 18.0) compared to children who do not play sports. (p < 0.05). The high performance in single-heel jumps, side jumps, motor quotient, B-trails and B-A trails presented as predictors of sports practice (CI > 0.50_. CONCLUSION: The results indicated a positive relationship between children practicing sports in childhood and interesting benefits in the ability of cognitive flexibility, without expressing differences in motor coordination compared to non-practicing children.

INTRODUÇÃO: A iniciação esportiva é geralmente iniciada durante a infância e adolescência. Já é conhecido os efeitos benéficos desta prática para as capacidades físicas e motoras. Pesquisas recentes vêm demonstrando o potencial da prática esportiva em estimular e modificar o desenvolvimento cognitivo OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação da prática esportiva durante a infância na coordenação motora, atenção, flexibilidade cognitiva e velocidade de processamento cognitivo MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 130 estudantes com idades entre 7 a 10 anos, sendo 68 praticantes de modalidades esportivas e 62 não praticantes de modalidades esportivas, divididos em grupo de esportistas (GE) e grupo controle (GC). Os pesquisadores realizaram três visitas para aplicação dos instrumentos de pesquisa, os quais foram realizados de forma aleatorizada dentro das dependências da escola, divididos em três blocos: 1) teste de atenção por cancelamento e teste de trilhas A e B (aplicados de forma coletiva); 2) testes de saltos; 3) anamnese, composição corporal e o teste Körperkoordination für Kinder (KTK) RESULTADOS: Crianças que praticam esporte obtiveram menores valores nas variáveis massa corporal (28 ± 10,08 kg vs 33,9 ± 15,3 kg), circunferência da cintura (57,8 ± 7,7 cm vs 61,7 ± 9,6 cm) e circunferência do quadril (69,1 ± 9,5 cm vs 72,8 ± 10,5 cm). Ademais, observam-se maiores valores nos dos saltos monopedais (96,9 ± 17,3 vs 85,6 ± 14,3) e saltos laterais (99,1 ± 18,8 vs 91,2 ± 18,0) em comparação às crianças que não praticam esporte (p < 0,05). O alto desempenho nos saltos monopedais, saltos laterais, quociente motor, trilhas B e Trilhas B-A apresentaram-se como preditores da prática esportiva (IC > 0,50) CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicaram relação positiva entre crianças praticantes de modalidades esportivas na infância e benefícios interessantes na capacidade da flexibilidade cognitiva, sem expressar diferenças na coordenação motora em comparação às crianças não praticantes

Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia Using Trail Making Test: A Meta-Analysis

OBJECTIVE: The present meta-analysis aimed to analyze the cognitive performance of schizophrenia patients measured by Trail Making Tests (TMT) and the contribution of socio-demographic factors to cognitive impairments. METHODS: PubMed and PsycARTICLES databases were searched for the studies published between January 1985 and November 2017. Data were drawn from 19 studies encompassing 1095 patients and 324 controls. The effect size and heterogeneity were assessed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2 using random-effect model. RESULTS: Overall, the results showed that the schizophrenia patients performed significantly (p < 0.001) worse than healthy controls in both TMT-A and B. However, concurrent substance abuse, clinical status (inpatient or outpatient), duration of education and duration of illness were not associated with cognitive impairment among the schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSION: The present meta-analysis confirmed the cognitive processing speed and flexibility of schizophrenia patients were impaired. However, their duration of education, duration of illness and clinical status (inpatient or outpatient) were not the risk factors.

Influence of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets on the cognitive processing of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the influence of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets on the cognitive processing of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods Thirty ADHD children and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in this study,and the ADHD subjects were treated with Methylphenidate Hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets for (28 ± 3) days.Pre-test and post-test by the Das-Naglieri:Cognitive Assessment System(DN:CAS) were done to evaluate the cognitive function of all individuals.The differences of cognitive processing in pre-treatment and post-treatment of ADHD group with healthy control group were compared.The difference between before and after treatment of ADHD was also compared.Results Compared with healthy control group,there were lower of planning score [(21.86 ± 4.61) scores vs.(29.33 ± 5.06) scores],attention score [(25.00 ± 4.57) scores vs.(29.83 ± 3.79) scores],and the total scores [(111.93 ± 13.95) scores vs.(127.26 ±15.53) scores] in ADHD group,and there were significant differences (t =-5.976,-4.455,-4.023,all P ＜0.05).The matching number,planned codes,planned connections,expressive attention,number detection and receptive attention scores were also lower in ADHD group,and there were significant differences (t =-4.787,-3.703,-4.991,-2.216,-2.488,-3.219,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with healthy control group,there were lower of planning score with significant difference [(25.53 ± 4.98) scores vs.(29.33 ± 5.06) scores,t =-2.931,P ＜ 0.05] in ADHD group after treatment,matching number and planned codes were lower with significant difference (t =-2.654,-2.044,all P ＜ 0.05) in ADHD group after treatment.In ADHD group,the scores of planning [(25.53 ± 4.98)scores vs.(21.86 ± 4.61) scores],simultaneous processing [(36.10 ± 7.10) scores vs.(34.13 ± 6.04) scores],attention [(27.90 ± 5.69) scores vs.(25.00 ± 4.57) scores] and the total score [(121.50 ± 16.55) scores vs.(111.93 ± 13.95) scores] were significantly higher after treatment than that before treatment and there were significant differences (t =-5.679,-2.949,-3.869,-5.963,all P ＜ 0.05);matching number,planned codes,planned connections,nonverbal matrices,number detection,receptive attention and word series were significantly higher after treatment than that before treatment,and there were significant differences (t =-2.528,-3.209,-3.890,-2.276,-4.489,-2.208,-2.373,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The Methylphenidate Hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets can improve the function of cognitive processing in children with ADHD,especially in attention.

Influence of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets on the cognitive processing of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the influence of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets on the cognitive processing of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods Thirty ADHD children and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in this study,and the ADHD subjects were treated with Methylphenidate Hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets for (28 ± 3) days.Pre-test and post-test by the Das-Naglieri:Cognitive Assessment System(DN:CAS) were done to evaluate the cognitive function of all individuals.The differences of cognitive processing in pre-treatment and post-treatment of ADHD group with healthy control group were compared.The difference between before and after treatment of ADHD was also compared.Results Compared with healthy control group,there were lower of planning score [(21.86 ± 4.61) scores vs.(29.33 ± 5.06) scores],attention score [(25.00 ± 4.57) scores vs.(29.83 ± 3.79) scores],and the total scores [(111.93 ± 13.95) scores vs.(127.26 ±15.53) scores] in ADHD group,and there were significant differences (t =-5.976,-4.455,-4.023,all P ＜0.05).The matching number,planned codes,planned connections,expressive attention,number detection and receptive attention scores were also lower in ADHD group,and there were significant differences (t =-4.787,-3.703,-4.991,-2.216,-2.488,-3.219,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with healthy control group,there were lower of planning score with significant difference [(25.53 ± 4.98) scores vs.(29.33 ± 5.06) scores,t =-2.931,P ＜ 0.05] in ADHD group after treatment,matching number and planned codes were lower with significant difference (t =-2.654,-2.044,all P ＜ 0.05) in ADHD group after treatment.In ADHD group,the scores of planning [(25.53 ± 4.98)scores vs.(21.86 ± 4.61) scores],simultaneous processing [(36.10 ± 7.10) scores vs.(34.13 ± 6.04) scores],attention [(27.90 ± 5.69) scores vs.(25.00 ± 4.57) scores] and the total score [(121.50 ± 16.55) scores vs.(111.93 ± 13.95) scores] were significantly higher after treatment than that before treatment and there were significant differences (t =-5.679,-2.949,-3.869,-5.963,all P ＜ 0.05);matching number,planned codes,planned connections,nonverbal matrices,number detection,receptive attention and word series were significantly higher after treatment than that before treatment,and there were significant differences (t =-2.528,-3.209,-3.890,-2.276,-4.489,-2.208,-2.373,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The Methylphenidate Hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets can improve the function of cognitive processing in children with ADHD,especially in attention.

Research on assessing the cognitive process in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by using Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the cognitive process in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System (DN:CAS).Methods Sixty-one children with ADHD and sixty-one healthy controls were enrolled in this study.The cognition of all the studies individuals was evaluated by the DN:CAS.Results Compared with the control group,children with ADHD had significantly lower scores in planning[(24.18 ±5.64) scores vs (30.07 ±5.28) scores,t =-6.985,P ＜ 0.01],simultaneous processing[(33.97 ± 7.64) scores vs (36.90 ± 7.20) scores,t =-2.211,P ＜ 0.05],attention [(26.52 ± 6.80) scores vs (31.21 ± 5.86) scores,t =-4.909,P ＜0.01] in the 4 subtests of DN:CAS,and the total scores [(117.85 ±21.45) scores vs (132.48 ± 17.95) scores,t =-5.286,P ＜ 0.01] are same.And there were significant differences in matching numbers [(8.77 ± 2.33) scores vs (10.87 ± 2.31) scores,t =-5.220,P ＜ 0.01],planned codes [(7.87 ± 2.37) scores vs (9.44 ± 2.61) scores,t =-4.006,P ＜ 0.01],planned connections [(7.54 ± 2.29) scores vs (9.75 ± 2.01) scores,t =-6.643,P ＜0.01];verbal-spatial relations in simultaneous processing [(10.05 ±2.79) scores vs (11.23 ± 3.19) scores,t =-2.382,P ＜ 0.05] and expressive attention [(9.02 ± 2.47) scores vs (10.34 ± 3.03) scores,t =-2.938,P ＜0.01],number detection [(8.16 ±2.31) scores vs (10.08 ± 1.86) scores,t =-5.028,P ＜ 0.01],receptive attention [(9.34 ± 3.68) scores vs (10.78 ± 3.20) scores,t =-3.215,P ＜ 0.01] between ADHD group and the control group.There were significant differences of the percentile rank distribution of the scores between ADHD group and the control group in planning,attention and full score (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Children with ADHD have cognitive deficits in the cognitive processing,and planning and attention deficits are the main features.The DN:CAS could be a useful tool in evaluating cognition of children with ADHD.

Terapia de remediación cognitiva para anorexia nervosa / Cognitive remediation therapy for anorexia nervosa

La anorexia nervosa (AN) es una enfermedad grave que se inicia en la adolescencia y afecta a mujeres jóvenes. Los diversos tratamientos psicológicos y farmacológicos empleados, no han mostrado resultados exitosos ni modificado su pronóstico. En este trabajo se revisa las bases y la evidencia disponible para la aplicación de Terapia de Remediación Cognitiva (TRC) en pacientes que sufren AN. Esta terapia aborda procesos cognitivos, enfocándose en mejorar flexibilidad cognitiva y coherencia central o estilo de procesamiento global, aspectos deficitarios en pacientes con AN. Los positivos resultados obtenidos con TRC en adultos con AN, plantean que podría ser una herramienta de gran utilidad en adolescentes.

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe disease which starts in adolescence and affects young women. Diverse psychological and pharmacological interventions have not shown usefulness or modify its prognosis. This review discusses the basis and available evidence for the application of Cognitive Remedial Therapy (CRT) in patients suffering from AN. CRT focuses in cognitive processes, aiming to improve cognitive flexibility and central coherence or global processing style, both insufficient in AN patients. The positive results obtained with CRT in AN adults, raise its potential contribution as a useful tool in the treatment of adolescents.

Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade: o que nos informa a investigação dimensional? / Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: what does the dimensional research inform us?

Investiga-se o Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH) em contexto escolar adotando a perspectiva dimensional. Participaram 107 crianças com idade média de 12,37 anos. Utilizou-se a Escala de TDAH - versão para professores, uma versão adaptada para pais e tarefas computadorizadas de processamento cognitivo. A prevalência de Hiperatividade pelo relato de professores e pais foi condizente com aquela apontada pela literatura (4,7 por cento). O Déficit de Atenção, avaliado por pais e professores, correlacionou com todas as medidas de processamento de informação. Hiperatividade e Comportamento Anti-social correlacionaram com as medidas de memória de trabalho quando a primeira foi avaliada pelos professores e a segunda pelos pais, refletindo baixa concordância entre o relato de informantes a respeito das dimensões comportamentais do TDAH. Entretanto, as respostas dos professores parecem estar mais de acordo com a literatura. Conclui-se que a perspectiva dimensional de investigação pode fornecer informações relevantes sobre as características demográficas e cognitivas do TDAH.

This research investigates the Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a school context from a dimensional perspective. It took part of the study 107 children with mean age of 12,37 years. It was used the ADHD's Scale - teacher's version and an adapted form for parents in addition to computer tasks to measure cognitive processing. The prevalence of Hyperactivity, according to teachers and parent's report, was consistent with the literature (4,7 percent). Attention deficit correlated with all measures of cognitive processing. Hyperactivity and Antisocial Behavior correlated with working memory measures only when the first was assessed by teachers and the second was assessed by parents. In this sense, it was found low concordance between informants regarding ADHD behavior dimensions. However, teacher's report seems to be according with contemporary literature. It was concluded that dimensional investigation can provides relevant information related to demographic and cognitive characteristic of ADHD.

Basic Cognitive Abilities of Developmental Stutterers in Processing Chinese Character / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To examine the performance of developmental stutterers in processing Chinese character to determine their basic cognitive abilities of Chinese language.Methods The reaction time and error rates of developmental stutterers and fluent speakers were compared when they performed orthographic,phonetic and semantic judging tasks in the manual reaction time paradigm.Results The differences of reaction time in orthographic,phonetic and semantic judgment and the error rates in orthographic and semantic judgment between both groups were not significant(P>0.05);however,the difference of error rate in phonetic judgment between the both groups were nearly significant(P=0.053).Conclusion The only disability existed in developmental stutterers seems to be the in phonetic abstracting or encoding processes,which is partly in accordance with the covert repair hypothesis.

A Review and Prospect of Addicts' Relapse Behavior Models / 中国临床心理学杂志

Based on the existing literatures,four basic models for drug addiction and relapse behavior researches were generalized,namely,the motive and self-concept model,the social-environment model,the cognitive processing model,and the neuropsychological model.Analyzing the research evidence in the area,the authors considered that relapse behavior was caused by a great many diverse factors,consequently,any of these models failed to make strong predication for relapse behavior.After reviewing the addiction models,the possibilities of future integrative research in the area were discussed.