RESUMO
Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) in Mexican patients with obesity. Methods: 292 Mexican adults (194 women, 98 men) who entered a multidisciplinary treatment program for obesity at a third level hospital in Mexico, completed the TFEQ-R18 to obtain the psychometric properties. Results: The TFEQ-R18 has a good internal consistency showing a global Cronbach´s a= 0.88, and McDonald's w=0.88, and maintained the original three factors (cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating); CFA showed adequate goodness-of-fit indices, except for the X2 (X2 = 274.5, df = 142, p <.001; RMSEA = .061, CI [.051, .071]; CFI = .93; TLI = .92; SRMR = .071). There is a significant positive correlation with the diagnosis of eating disorder and emotional eating with uncontrolled eating and emotional eating factors. Conclusions: The TFEQ-R18 allows an adequate evaluation of the three eating factors in Mexican patients with obesity and allows a differentiation between cases with or without eating disorders.
Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de tres factores de alimentación (TFEQ-R18) en pacientes mexicanos con obesidad. Método: Participaron 292 adultos mexicanos (194 mujeres, 98 hombres) que ingresaron a un tratamiento multidisciplinario para obesidad en un hospital de tercer nivel en la Ciudad de México. Resultados: El TFEQ-R18 tiene una buena consistencia interna mostrando un a de Cronbach global= 0,88, y w de McDonald =0,88, mantiene los tres factores originales (restricción cognitiva, alimentación descontrolada e ingesta emocional); El CFA mostró índices de bondad de ajuste adecuados, excepto la X2 (X2 = 274.5, df = 142, p <.001; RMSEA = .061, IC [.051, .071]; CFI = .93; TLI = . 92; SRMR = 0,071). Existe además una correlación positiva significativa entre el diagnóstico de trastorno de la conducta alimentaria y la ingesta emocional con los factores de alimentación descontrolada y alimentación emocional de la escala. Conclusiones: El TFEQ-R18 permite una adecuada evaluación de los tres factores alimentarios en pacientes mexicanos con obesidad y permite diferenciar entre casos con o sin trastornos alimentarios.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate whether the carbohydrate-restricted diet leads to higher levels of food cravings in individuals with binge eating. Methods A total of 146 individuals with binge eating participated in the Low-Carb Diet Group (n=48) and Control Group (n=98). The Binge Eating Scale, Hay's questionnaire, Food Cravings Questionnaire - Trait and State, Cognitive restraint subscale and its adapted version for the cognitive restraint toward carbohydrates, were used as measures. Parametric tests were used for comparison between groups (Student's t test), and Pearson's correlation test to verify correlations between variables of interest. Results No differences were found between groups with and without diet concerning the level of binge eating or food craving total score. The differences found were the higher levels of cognitive restraint (p=0.01), cognitive restraint for carbohydrates (p=0.01) and subscales of 'guilt about food craving' (p=0.04) in the Low-Carb Diet Group. Conclusion Individuals with binge eating and a history of low-carb diet have greater cognitive restraint toward carbohydrates and association with altered eating attitudes (guilt about food craving).
RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar se a dieta com restrição de carboidratos acarreta níveis elevados de desejos intenso por comida em indivíduos com compulsão alimentar. Métodos Participaram 146 indivíduos com compulsão alimentar divididos nos Grupos Dieta Low Carb (n=48) e Grupo Controle (n=98). Foram utilizados como medidas: Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica, Questionário de Hay, Questionário de Desejos Intensos por Comida - Traço e Estado, Subescala de restrição cognitiva e sua versão adaptada para a restrição cognitiva direcionada aos carboidratos. Foram utilizados testes paramétricos para comparação entre grupos (teste t de Student) e o teste de correlação de Pearson para verificar correlações entre variáveis de interesse. Resultados Não foram encontradas diferenças entre grupos com e sem prática de dieta em relação ao nível de compulsão alimentar ou ao escore total para desejos intensos por comida. As diferenças encontradas foram os maiores níveis de restrição cognitiva (p=0,01), restrição cognitiva para carboidratos (p=0,01) e subescalas de 'culpa por causa dos desejos' (p=0,04) no Grupo Dieta Low Carb. Conclusão Indivíduos com compulsão alimentar e histórico de dieta com restrição de carboidratos (low carb) possuem maior restrição cognitiva direcionada aos carboidratos e associação com atitudes alimentares alteradas (culpa pelos desejos).