Strategies for Collection and Analysis of Samples in Simple Asphyxiant Gas Acute Poisoning Death Cases / 法医学杂志

At present, the death cases of simple asphyxiant gas acute poisoning are increasing sharply. Common asphyxiant gases in death cases include nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, methane, propane, laughing gas, etc. Simple asphyxiant gas has no affinity for biological matrices and escapes quickly, which puts forward new requirements for autopsy procedures, selection and collection of samples, laboratory analysis and identification. This paper reviews the research and development process of death cases caused by simple asphyxiant gas acute poisoning and put forwards the collection and analysis strategy of the samples in such cases. The most valuable biological samples in such cases should be lung tissues associated with the airways, followed by brain tissue and cardiac blood. Gaseous samples from the esophageal cavity, tracheal cavity, pulmonary bronchi, gastric and cardiac areas are also recommended as valuable samples. In the case of postmortem examination, the gas should be injected into gas sample bag directly. Biological materials such as tissue and blood should be directly sealed in head-space vials and analyzed by using the headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Fluoride concentration of bottled water and public water in Lebanon

Background and Aims: People in Lebanon turned to bottle water consumption because of its poor public water quality. In general, fluoride is known as dental caries preventive. A study in 1986 and two other national surveys in 1994 and 2004 showed that the concentration of fluoride in public Lebanese water was insignificant for the prevention of dental caries (less than 0.3 mg/L). The aim of the study was to measure the fluoride concentration in the highest selling and known commercial brands for bottled water in Lebanon, as well as to assess their effectiveness regarding prevention of dental caries. Result: Fluoride has a notable therapeutic effect but in small doses that fluoride can be found in drinking water. Analysis using an absorptiometry of 625nm and another technique using an Orion electrode of 9609 BN have shown the low content of fluoride in the Lebanese waters (less than 0.3 mg/l). Strategies have recently been evolved based on fluroide supplementation (if the results turn negative) to reduce the index of caries in LEBANON.

Técnicas de necropsia y toma de muestras en animales de experimentación: Una revisión bibliográfica y actualización / Necropsy and sampling techniques in experimental animals: A bibliographic review and update

Se plantea como objetivo describir las técnicas de necropsia en animales de experimentación, una revisión bibliográfica y actualización. Se describieron las técnicas de necropsia en cobayos (Cavia porcellus), conejos (Oryctolaguscuniculus), ratones (Mus musculus), la rata (Rattusnorvegicus (variedad albina), incluyendo peces. La necropsia sistemática incluye una revisión de la historia clínica, y/o datos del experimento realizado. El siguiente paso corresponde al examen externo, donde se describen lesiones sobre el tejido tegumentario, sistema locomotor, mucosas, cavidades naturales y cambios post-mortem. Posteriormente se realiza el desollado, de manera simultánea la apertura de cavidades, con la evaluación de órganos, mediante un exhaustivo examen macroscópico. Este procedimiento continua con la extracción de órganos y toma de muestras. Por último se debe elaborar un informe de necropsia donde el patólogo veterinario emitirá las conclusiones o diagnósticos comentarios, recomendaciones y las apreciaciones enmarcados en la epicrisis del caso. El proceso de necropsia junto con la recolección y envío de muestras apropiadas para la realización de pruebas de laboratorio es trascendental en el proceso de emisión de un diagnóstico, de la práctica de la toma de muestra y envío al laboratorio depende el diagnostico morfológico y etiológico. En conclusión se describieron las técnicas de necropsia y toma de muestras en animales de experimentación con énfasis en cobayos (Cavia porcellus), conejos (Oryctolaguscuniculus), ratones (Mus musculus), la rata (Rattusnorvegicus, variedad albina), incluyendo peces, como una herramienta básica para el diagnostico de patologías en animales de experimentación así como se mencionaron las condiciones de envío de muestras a los distintos laborator

The aim of this study was to describe the necropsy techniques in experimental animals, a literature review and update. Necropsy techniques were described in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), mice (Mus musculus), rat (Rattus norvegicus (albino variety), including fish, systematic necropsy includes a review of clinical history, and/or data of the experiment performed. The next step corresponds to the external examination, where lesions are described on the integumentary tissue, locomotor system, mucous membranes, natural cavities and post-mortem changes, followed by flaying, simultaneously opening cavities, with the evaluation of organs, through an exhaustive macroscopic examination. This procedure continues with the extraction of organs and sampling. Finally, a necropsy report must be prepared where the veterinary pathologist will issue the conclusions or diagnoses comments, recommendations and assessments framed in the epicrisis of the case, the necropsy process together with the collection and shipment of appropriate samples for the performance of laboratory tests is crucial in the process of issuing a diagnosis, the practice of sampling and sending to the laboratory depends on the morphological and etiological diagnosis. In conclusion, necropsy and sampling techniques were described in experimental animals with emphasis on guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), mice (Mus musculus), rat (Rattus norvegicus albino variety), including fish, as a basic tool for the diagnosis of pathologies in experimental animals, as well as the conditions for sending samples to different laboratories.