Edema de Berlín secundario a Traumatismo ocular cerrado / Berlin Edema secondary to closed eye trauma / Edema de Berlim secundário a trauma ocular fechado

INTRODUCCIÓN: el trauma ocular es una de las causas que difieren entre áreas urbanas de un país a otro y entre diferentes clases demográficas o socioeconómicas. OBJETIVO: Demostrar la evolución y características clínicas del edema de Berlín secundario a trauma ocular cerrado. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio de caso observacional en un paciente masculino de 11 años que presentó una AVMC 20/20 en OD y cuenta dedos 50 cm en OI posterior a trauma ocular cerrado contuso con objeto romo. Desde el inicio desarrolló una conmoción retiniana asociada a edema de Berlín en OI. Con seguimiento desde 11 de diciembre de 2019 al 27 de enero de 2020. Las variables fueron: agudeza visual mejor corregida, retinografía, tomografía de coherencia óptica de dominio espectral macular. RESULTADOS: se indicó metilprednisolona 500 mg endovenoso diario por 3 días; prednisona 30 mg oral disminuyendo gradualmente durante 10 días; acetato de prednisolona 1% tópico cada 2 horas, moxifloxacina 0,5% cada 6 horas, ciclopentolato 1% cada 8 horas. 7 semanas después, no hubo mejoría clínica a pesar de medicación, manteniéndose en observación médica con AVMC OD 20/20 y OI cuenta dedos 2 metros. DISCUSIÓN: edema de Berlín (commotio retinae) una afección común causada por una lesión contusa en el ojo, suele ser autolimitante y no existe un tratamiento como tal. CONCLUSIÓN: el trauma ocular cerrado contuso con compromiso retiniano puede causar daño macular como el edema de Berlín, como éste caso que puede condicionar el pronóstico visual a pesar de que mayormente es favorable.

INTRODUCTION: ocular trauma is one of the causes that differ between urban areas from one country to another and between different demographic or socioeconomic classes. OBJECTIVE: to demonstrate the evolution and clinical characteristics of Berlin edema secondary to closed ocular trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: an observational case study was conducted in an 11-year-old male patient who presented a 20/20 BCVA in RE and 50 cm finger count in LE after blunt ocular trauma with blunt object. From the beginning, she developed a retinal concussion associated with Berlin edema in LE. With follow-up from December 11, 2019 to January 27, 2020. Variables were included: best-corrected visual acuity, retinographies, and macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: methylprednisolone 500 mg intravenous daily for 3 days was indicated; prednisone 30 mg oral gradually decreasing over 10 days; 1% prednisolone acetate topical every 2 hours, moxifloxacin 0.5% every 6 hours, cyclopentolate 1% every 8 hours. 7 weeks later, there was no clinical improvement despite medication, and he was kept under medical observation with BCVA RE 20/20 and LE with a 2-meter finger count. DISCUSSION: Berlin edema (commotio retinae), a common condition caused by a blunt injury to the eye, is usually self-limiting and there is no treatment as such. CONCLUSION: blunt ocular trauma with retinal involvement can cause macular damage such as Berlin edema, as in this case, which can condition the visual prognosis even though it is mostly favorable.

INTRODUÇÃO: o trauma ocular é uma das causas que difere entre áreas urbanas de um país para outro e entre diferentes classes demográficas ou socioeconômicas. OBJETIVO: demonstrar a evolução e as características clínicas do edema de Berlim secundário a trauma ocular fechado. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: foi realizado um estudo de caso observacional em um paciente do sexo masculino, 11 anos, que apresentou BCVA 20/20 em OD e contagem de dedos de 50 cm em OE após trauma ocular fechado contuso com objeto contuso. Desde o início, ela desenvolveu uma concussão retina associada ao edema de Berlim em LE. Com acompanhamento de 11 de dezembro de 2019 a 27 de janeiro de 2020. As variáveis foram: melhor acuidade visual corrigida, retinografias e tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral macular. RESULTADOS: foi indicada metilprednisolona 500 mg intravenosa ao dia por 3 dias; prednisona 30 mg oral diminuindo gradualmente ao longo de 10 dias; Acetato de prednisolona 1% tópico a cada 2 horas, moxifloxacina 0,5% a cada 6 horas, ciclopentolato 1% a cada 8 horas. 7 semanas depois, não houve melhora clínica apesar da medicação, e ela foi mantida em observação médica com AVMC OD 20/20 e LE com uma contagem de 2 metros nos dedos. DISCUSSÃO: o edema de Berlim (commotio retinae), uma condição comum causada por uma lesão contusa no olho, geralmente é autolimitado e não há tratamento como tal. CONCLUSÃO: o trauma ocular fechado com envolvimento retiniano pode causar danos maculares como o edema de Berlim, como neste caso, que pode condicionar o prognóstico visual, embora seja na maioria favorável.

Serial Follow-up of Commotio Retinae Using Ultra-wide Field Imaging

PURPOSE: To quantify the size of commotio retinae and investigate its spontaneous resolution over time using ultra-wide field (UWF) color fundus photography.METHODS: We analyzed serial UWF color fundus photographs of 33 eyes of 33 ocular trauma patients with commotio retinae. Total visible retinal areas and the areas of commotio retinae were measured at baseline, 3 days, 1 week, and 4 weeks from the initial traumatic event.RESULTS: The median time of observation was 10.8 ± 12.1 (4-44) weeks. Spontaneous resolution of commotio retinae was observed in all patients, and no patients experienced any complications during the follow-up period. The mean percentage of commotio retinae at 3 days significantly decreased compared to the baseline (8.51 ± 9.66% versus 12.23 ± 10.39%; p < 0.001), and more decreased at 1 week (1.04 ± 2.75%; p < 0.001), but no significant differences were observed between 1 week and 4 weeks (0.00 ± 0.00%; p = 0.219). The spontaneous resolution percentages during the first 3 days, between 3 days and 1 week, and during the next 4 weeks were 12.97 ± 13.44%/day, 19.62 ± 9.22%/day, and 0.87 ± 1.87%/day, respectively (p = 0.192 and p < 0.001, respectively). The resolution rate was higher during the first 1 week.CONCLUSIONS: We quantified the size of commotio retinae using UWF color fundus photography. Most patients with commotio retinae resolved spontaneously during the first 1 week following trauma, and all cases completely resolved at 1 month without any complications.

Evaluation of the Central Macula in Commotio Retinae Not Associated with Other Types of Traumatic Retinopathy

PURPOSE: To report on the anatomical and functional changes to the macula in nine patients suffering from commotio retinae not accompanied by any other types of traumatic retinopathy. METHODS: Nine injured eyes with commotio retinae were evaluated soon after ocular trauma with ophthalmic examination, including Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). In 12 eyes of 6 patients, Humphrey visual field (HVF) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) were performed. Re-examinations were periodically performed for a mean of 26 days. Data from 9 injured eyes were collected and compared to data collected from the 9 non-affected eyes of the same patients. RESULTS: SD-OCT revealed no significant differences in the foveal thickness and total macular volume between traumatized and intact eyes in all 9 patients. Only 3 out of the 9 injured eyes showed abnormal findings in SD-OCT images such as discontinuity of the inner/outer segment (IS/OS) junction or abnormal hyper-reflectivity from the IS/OS and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) lines in the macula. HVF and mfERG results did not show any functional deterioration in the injured eyes compared with intact eyes. During follow-up, the commotio retinae resolved in all 9 eyes. The changes to the outer retinal region detected in 3 patients by SD-OCT were also resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Acute retinal changes in commotio retinae, not associated with other retinal pathologies, were resolved without histological and functional sequelae. In a few cases of commotio retinae, SD-OCT revealed transient abnormalities mainly observed at the IS/OS and RPE complexes.