La herida y sus contornos. Un discurso performativo sobre la idea de la felicidad / A ferida e seus contornos. Um discurso performativo sobre a ideia de felicidade / The wound and its contours. A performative discourse on the idea of happiness

Este trabajo, dirigido a estudiantes del área de servicios a la comunidad, realizado en Coruña (España), en marzo de 2022, analiza un proyecto de prevención de la salud, situado a medio camino entre las artes, la psicología, la educación y el trabajo social, que emplea la performance para facilitar la identificación del trauma y la incorporación de la experiencia como aprendizaje social. El hecho investigado es analizado desde la práctica discursiva y de producción de sentidos, con el fin de que los actores generen un discurso de resiliencia. Se opta por tres técnicas de investigación, el análisis documental, la observación participante y la indagación pública, con el fin de obtener profundidad en las conclusiones y garantizar la fiabilidad. Los resultados muestran la idoneidad de la performance para elaborar el duelo, al facilitar la expresión y la significación del dolor.(AU)

Este trabalho, dirigido a estudantes da área de serviços à comunidade, realizado na Corunha (Espanha), em março de 2022, analisa um projeto de prevenção da saúde, situado a meio caminho entre as artes, a psicologia, a educação e o trabalho social, que emprega a performance para facilitar a identificação do trauma e a incorporação da experiência como aprendizagem social. O fato investigado é analisado desde a prática discursiva e de produção de sentidos, com a finalidade de que os atores gerem um discurso de resiliência. São escolhidas três técnicas de investigação, análise documental, observação participante e inquérito público, a fim de aprofundar as conclusões e garantir a fiabilidade. Os resultados mostram a adequação da performance para elaborar o duelo, ao facilitar a expressão e a significação da dor.(AU)

This work, aimed at students in the area of community services, carried out in Coruña (Spain) in March 2022, analyses a health prevention project, located halfway between the arts, psychology, education and social work, which uses performance to facilitate the identification of trauma and the incorporation of the experience as social learning. The researched event is analysed from the perspective of discursive practice and the production of meaning, with the aim of the actors generating a discourse of resilience. Three research techniques were chosen, documentary analysis, participant observation and public enquiry, in order to obtain depth in the conclusions and guarantee reliability. The results show the suitability of the performance for the elaboration of grief, by facilitating the expression and meaning of grief.(AU)

Thinking about a popular education in sciences? / Penser léducation populaire en sciences? / Pensando uma educação popular em ciências? / Pensando una educación popular en ¿ciencias?

Abstract In this article we reflect on Education in Natural Sciences, from our educational experiences with teachers in the public system, social movements and political organizations. These experiences serve as a base from which we can glimpse new paths, in a dialogue with a diversity of theoretical references from different disciplines and areas. We intend to continue thinking about a critical pedagogy in the natural and technological worlds with the objective of strengthening processes of social transformation.

Résumé Cet article aborde l'Éducation en sciences à partir de nos expériences éducatives auprès des professeurs de l'enseignement public, des mouvements sociaux et d'organisations politiques. Ces expériences nous ont servi de base pour déceler, en dialogue avec une diversité de références théoriques issues de différentes disciplines et d'espaces disctincts.de nouvelles voies de travail. Nous avons essayé de penser toujours à une pédagogie critique concernant les mondes sociaux, naturels et technologiques dont l'objectif est de renforcer les processus de transformation sociale.

Resumo Neste artigo refletimos sobre a Educação em Ciências a partir das nossas experiências educativas com professores do sistema público, movimentos sociais e organizações políticas. Essas experiências representam uma base da qual vislumbramos novos caminhos, ao dialogar com uma diversidade de referências teóricas de diferentes disciplinas e espaços. Tentamos continuar pensando em uma pedagogia crítica sobre os mundos sociais, naturais e tecnológicos cujo objetivo seja o fortalecimento de processos de transformação social.

Resumen En este artículo reflexionamos sobre la Educación en Ciencias a partir de nuestras experiencias educativas junto con docentes en el sistema público, movimientos sociales y organizaciones políticas. Estas experiencias nos sirven de suelo desde donde vislumbrar nuevos caminos en diálogo con una diversidad de referencias teóricas de distintas disciplinas y espacios. Buscamos seguir pensando una pedagogía crítica sobre los mundos sociales, naturales y tecnológicos que tenga como objetivo el fortalecimiento de procesos de transformación social.

Prevalence and future prospects of HIV in Pakistan

In Pakistan, 1.5 million people are living with HIV and only 8% of them are receiving antiretroviral therapy. Moreover, the number of newly reported cases of HIV have increased to 30% and it has caused 78% deaths of the HIV infected patients since 2010. More than eight outbreaks have been reported in different area of Pakistan in past two decades, Gujrat-a city of Punjab is one of them. Recently, a medical practitioner in the civil hospital of Gujrat referred 905 cases which were suspected on the basis of symptoms-rapid weight loss, extreme tiredness, prolonged swelling of lymph glands, mouth sores. HIV-ELISA test was performed for suspected cases and 17.5% cases were reported HIV positive. Female percentage (58%) was higher as compared to the male (42%) with HIV positive cases. Study participants were categorized into different age groups and the HIV was highly prevalent in the individuals with 30-39 years of age (38%), 23% in age group III with (20-29 years). However, 4% cases were less than 10 years of age. Overall, 17% HIV positive cases in a small town of Gujrat are an eye opener to the incidence and prevalence of HIV. Stringent actions are required in collaboration with federal and provincial agencies to control the HIV spread.

Declining prevalence of pulmonary paragonimiasis following treatment & community education in a remote tribal population of Arunachal Pradesh, India

Background & objectives: In India, human pulmonary paragonimiasis is an important public health problem in the northeastern (NE) region. In 2005 we reported a hyperendemic focus of paragonimiasis in a remote tribal village in the hills of Changlang district in Arunachal Pradesh. The community was made aware of the disease and all active cases were treated. This study was aimed to assess the decline in the prevelance of paragonimiasis in the same area after a re-survey done in 2011 after a gap of six years. Methods: Re-surveys were carried to determine the reduction in the prevalence of paragonimiasis. Community education was given to the villagers to raise their awareness about paragonimiasis. A total of 624 individuals including 301 children (age < 15 yr) were included in the study. Sputum and stool samples were examined for eggs of lung flukes. Serum samples were screened for IgG antibodies against lung fluke antigen by ELISA. Results: A significant (P<0.001) decline in the prevalence of paragonimiasis was found. There was decline in both ELISA positivity and egg positivity. Antibody positivity against excretory-secretary (ES) antigen in children (age < 15 yr) fell down from earlier 51.7 to 15.9 per cent and in individuals 16 - 30 yr of age the serological prevalence fell down from 22.4 to 8.2 per cent and in individuals aged > 31 yr, the decline in prevalence was from 15.3 to 3.7 per cent. Gender-wise analysis revealed that the decline in ELISA positivity was similar in both genders and fell down from 33.9 to 11.5 per cent in males and from 29.8 to 10.7 per cent in females. Similarly, there was a significant decline rate in egg positivity also. Interpretation & conclusions: The strategy of hotspot targeted active paragonimiasis case detection and treatment of infected cases together with community education appears to be feasible methods to achieve control of paragonimiasis in this region.

Learning with communities: Structures and mechanisms for reproductive health programs among indigenous peoples of the Cordilleras

@#<p style="text-align: justify;">This paper attempts to capture how the principles of Participatory Action Research (PAR) were put into life in the integrated reproductive health (RH) programme in the Cordilleras, Northern Philippines. Document review and interviews of program staff were utilized to learn from the field and data were derived from participatory methods such as Group and Team Dynamic Methods, Interviewing and Dialogue Methods, Sampling Methods, and Visualization and Diagramming Methods. Results show that Community Needs Assessment (CNA) as a baseline for integrated planning of programme partners, laid a PAR framework for the entire development process. With the guidance of the integrated RH framework, the CNA ensured relevant and correct interpretation and analysis of data which then led to meaningful plans, actions and partnership, having gained the acceptance of communities. Community structures - People's Organizations with Health Committees that oversee income generating projects and RH education activities in the barangays (villages), were strengthened; partnerships with the Barangays Councils (BC) and the Barangay Health Stations (BHS) are continually enhanced to make policy formulation and service delivery more responsive to RH needs. Through this, the community was presented as a powerful unit of identity that builds on the strengths and resources of the community. The experience revealed that co-learning and capacity building can be promoted, and knowledge generation and intervention is integrated. The experience also emphasized the local relevance of public health problems (RH in this case) and the multiple determinants of health and disease including biomedical, social, economic, and physical environmental factors. To the researchers, it has been an inspiring and empowering experience to grow and learn with the people.</p>

Programa de educación nutricional en escuelas de tres ciudades en venezuela / A Program of Nutritional Education in schools of three cities in venezuela

El estado de nutrición y salud en los niños incide directamente en su aprendizaje y rendimiento escolar. Consiste de una intervención educativa en alimentación y nutrición en unidades educativas (UE) periurbanas pobres, orientada a desarrollar y fortalecer capacidades en docentes, alumnos y sus familias, que contribuyan a mejorar la alimentación, la nutrición y la salud. Se seleccionaron cinco UE: Zulia, Mérida y Caracas (n=6333 niños y niñas), que forman parte del programa de responsabilidad social empresarial de una empresa en alianza con Fundación Bengoa. Se intervino en educación nutricional, servicio de alimentación, formación para la participación y vigilancia nutricional. Nutricionistas y/ chef, dictaron 43 talleres de educación en nutrición (1291 docentes, padres, madres y miembros de la comunidad). Talleres de higiene y manipulación de alimentos, gerencia del servicio de alimentación y menú (379 madres colaboradoras y personal UE). Se formaron 594 personas (Identificación de la realidad social, diseño de planes conjuntos, participación y voluntariado y emprendedores). Se conformó el grupo de niños voluntarios “Amigos de la Buena Alimentación (ABA). El desayuno saludable (30% kcal/día) incorporó vegetales y frutas. Entre 2008 y 2012 el porcentaje de sobrepeso (IMC) se redujo de 20,1% a 18,7% y el déficit se mantuvo entre 16,2% a 16,9%. Se confirma la importancia de un programa de educación nutricional que incluye desayuno, para mejorar conocimientos, hábitos alimentarios y la permanencia del niño en la escuela. La participación y el compromiso de los involucrados, es indispensable para el éxito de programas comunitarios en consonancia con su realidad cultural y socioeconómica(AU)

Nutrition and health status in children influence directly their learning and schooling. This program consists in the intervention of food and nutrition knowledge in poor suburban schools, oriented to develop and strengthen capacities in teachers, students and their families, as a contribution to upgrade health and nutrition. Five schools were selected in Zulia, Merida and Caracas (6333 boys and girls) that formed part of a program of social responsibility of a private company in alliance with Fundación Bengoa. Intervention included nutrition education, nutrition surveillance, food services and community participation. Nutritionists and a chef gave 43 nutrition education workshops (1291 teachers, parents and members of the community) food handling and food service management as well as menu planning workshops (379 mothers and teachers). In the field of planning and designing joint ventures, entrepreneurs and voluntary work formation, 595 personas were formed. A group of children called “Friends of Healthy Eating” was formed. The healthy breakfast (30% kcal/day) included vegetables and fruits. Between 2008 and 20012, overweight (high BMI) diminished from 20.1% to 18.7% although under nutrition remained 16.2-16.9%. The importance of a program of nutrition education that includes breakfast for a better understanding and healthy eating habits as well as to guarantee the child´s permanence at school was confirmed. Participation and the commitment of all involved is indispensable for the success of community programs as part of its cultural an socioeconomic reality(AU)

A qualidade da educação e o professor por um fio: o cotidiano docente na ótica da psicologia social comunitária / The quality of education and the teacher about to collapse: the daily teaching experience from the perspective of social community psychology / La calidad de la educación y el profesor a punto de colapsar: el cotidiano del profesor desde la perspectiva de la psicología social comunitaria

Sob a ótica da Psicologia Social Comunitária, propõe-se uma análise sobre armadilhas/dimensões psicossociais que afetam as relações interpessoais dos docentes, com subprodutos negativos à prática e rede escolar-comunitária. Realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória, aplicando questionários semiestruturados a 219 docentes de 33 escolas municipais de Curitiba. O eixo temático da pesquisa dirige-se à Educação, Formação e Vida Cotidiana do(a) Professor(a). A análise quantitativa e qualitativa (com análise de conteúdo) gerou categorias a posteriori, em torno de: caracterização geral, ingresso e prática; dificuldades enfrentadas e alternativas de resolução; dificuldades percebidas na comunidade escolar; perspectivas/planos de futuro. A condição docente é pouco valorizada, e há baixo envolvimento coletivo e dificuldades para participação escolar solidária. Encontraram-se paradoxos/desafios vividos pelos professores: fragilidade de redes de solidariedade no cotidiano; posturas fatalistas diante da vida e do trabalho; trabalho docente vivido como uma prática solitária no espaço público e que acontece no limite da exaustão psicossocial

From the perspective of Social Community Psychology, an analysis of traps / psychosocial dimensions that affect interpersonal relationships of teachers with negative byproducts practice and school-community network is proposed. We performed an exploratory research, using semi-structured questionnaires to 219 teachers from 33 municipal schools in Curitiba. The main theme of the research is directed to Education, Training and the Teacher`s Daily Life. The quantitative and qualitative analysis (with content analysis) later on generated categories of: general characterization, admission and practice; difficulties faced and resolution alternatives; difficulties perceived in the school community; prospects / future plans. The teacher`s condition is undervalued, and there is little involvement and collective solidarity and difficulties for solidary school participation. Paradoxes / challenges faced by teachers were met: fragility of daily solidarity network; fatalistic attitudes toward life and work, teaching work experienced as a solo practice in public space and that happens in the limit of psychosocial exhaustion

Desde la perspectiva de la Psicología Social Comunitaria, se propone un análisis de las trampas/dimensiones psicosociales que afectan a las relaciones interpersonales de los docentes produciendo subproductos negativos para la práctica y red de la escuela y comunidad. Se realizó una investigación exploratoria, utilizando cuestionarios semiestructurados a 219 docentes de 33 escuelas de la alcaldía de Curitiba. El tema principal de la investigación se dirige a la Educación, Formación y la Vida Cotidiana del (la) profesor (a). El análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo (análisis de contenido) generó categorías acerca de: caracterización general, entrada y práctica docente, dificultades vividas y soluciones, dificultades percibidas en la comunidad escolar; perspectivas /planes futuros. La condición de los docentes está infravalorado, y hay poca participación y solidaridad colectiva y hay dificultades para la participación en la escuela de manera solidaria. Se conocieron paradojas/retos que enfrentan los docentes: fragilidad de las redes de solidaridad en su cotidiano, actitudes fatalistas delante de la vida y del trabajo, el trabajo docente se experimenta como una práctica vivida en solitario en el espacio público y que ocurre en el límite de agotamiento psicológico

Frequência do autoexame das mamas em amostra populacional de Xangri-Lá, RS / Breast self exam frequency in sample population of Xangri-La, RS

Objetivo: Avaliar a realização do autoexame das mamas (AEM) no município de Xangri-Lá/ RS. Método: Após 6 anos de atividade comunitária do médico mastologista no município, foram entrevistadas 854 pacientes, entre março de 2010 e novembro de 2011. Anotou-se, além de dados pessoais, a realização do AEM e consulta com mastologista. Os questionários foram preenchidos pela equipe de pesquisa previamente treinada.. As variáveis foram descritas pela média, desvio-padrão e percentuais e, quando categorizadas, pelo Qui Quadrado de Pearson; foram consideradas significantes quando p < 0,05. Resultados: A média de idade encontrada foi de 45 ± 14 anos. AEM mensal foi realizado por 55% desta amostra de 854 mulheres. História familiar de câncer de mama aumenta em 15% a realização do AEM apenas no grupo que não consulta com o especialista. As mulheres que consultaram com o mastologista apresentam uma chance maior de se examinarem (RC=3,35 com IC 95% de 2,53 a 4,44). As mulheres com mais idade realizam mais o AEM do que as jovens. Conclusão: Foi observada alta prevalência de AEM, porém aquém do ideal. Os principais indicadores de realização do AEM neste estudo foram idade crescente e ter consultado com o especialista. Foi demonstrada a eficácia de projetos de atenção primária à saúde por médico especialista e, que o AEM, realizado com a mulher deitada é feito por apenas 35 das 55% que o fazem.

Aim: To evaluate the results on the achievement of breast self examination (BSE) in the municipality of Xangri-La/ RS. Methods: After six years of community activity by specialist on breast disease in the municipality were recruited 854 patients between March 2010 and November 2011. They were asked about personal data, execution of the BSE and consult with breast cancer specialist. The questionnaires were filled in a previously trained research staff. The variables were described and analyzed by mean, standard deviation and percentage and, when categorized by square Pearson; were considered significant when p< 0.05. Results: Mean age was found 45 ± 14 years; AEM monthly was held by 55% of this sample of 854 patients. Family history of breast cancer increases by 15% to BSE practice, but only in group that not have consulted with the expert. Women who consulted with the specialist showed a much better chance of monthly examination (OR = 3.35, with IC 95% 2.53 to 4.44) and women over age perform more self-examination of breasts than the youngest. Conclusion: A high rate of implementation of AEM was found, but far from ideal. The main factors indicators of achievement of BSE in this study were the increasing age and having consulted with the breast disease specialist. It has been shown, specially, the effectiveness of a primary health care projects by the breast specialist and AEM, performed with the woman lying down, is done by only 35% of 55% of the patients that do.

Una mirada etnográfica del conocimiento del dengue desde la perspectiva de un grupo de escolares: Unidad Educativa Nacional Bolivariana "Armando Zuloaga Blanco" Distrito Capital, Venezuela. 2009 / An etnografhic view of the knowledge on dengue from the perspective of a group of children: Unidad Educativa Nacional Bolivariana "Armando Zuloaga Blanco". Distrito Capital, Venezuela. 2009

Este artículo presenta la exploración de los códigos socioculturales relacionados al dengue en un grupo de escolares, a fin de obtener insumos para el desarrollo de iniciativas de educación y participación social en el marco de la prevención y control de esta endemia. Para ello se realizó un estudio cualitativo de tipo etnográfico realizado entre marzo-diciembre 2009 en escolares de 4º y 5º grado de educación primaria, de la Unidad Educativa Nacional Bolivariana Armando Zuloaga Blanco, Caracas. Se aplicó la combinación de técnicas cualitativas, observación directa participante, así como, la elaboración de una georeferencia, para la identificación espacial del comportamiento de los potenciales criaderos de Aedes aegypti en la escuela. En la investigación participaron 216 escolares, distribuidos en siete secciones, con una edad comprendida entre 9 y 16 años. Entre los principales resultados se encuentra el perfil de códigos socioculturales asociados al conocimiento del dengue, e igualmente, los mapas de riesgo de los potenciales criaderos de A. aegypti en los diferentes ambientes de la escuela. Queda de manifiesto la pertinencia del uso de la etnografía como alternativa metodológica para definir los códigos socioculturales de la población como paso previo a la ejecución de programas educativos y de participación comunitaria sobre el dengue, a fin de viabilizar la eficacia de su aplicación y su sostenibilidad.

This paper presents the exploration of socio-cultural codes related with dengue in a group of school children with the purpose of obtaining data for the development of educational and social participation initiatives within the prevention and control framework of this endemia. Ethnographic type qualitative study carried out between March-December 2009 in a school population corresponding to 4th and 5th grade of basic education at the Bolivarian National Educational Unit Armando Zuloaga Blanco, Caracas, Venezuela. A combination of qualitative techniques was applied: direct observation of the participant, as well as the elaboration of a geo-reference for site identification of the behavior of potential breeding sites of aegypti at the school. The group participating in the study consisted in 216 school children distributed in seven sections, with ages between 9 and 16 years. Among the main results we found a profile of sociocultural codes associated to knowledge regarding dengue, as well as the risk map of the potential breeding sites of A. aegypti at different areas of the school. It was shown that the use of ethnography as methodological alterative to define socio-cultural codes of populations was obtained, as well as of its use as initial phase in the execution of educational and community participation programs related with dengue, to ensure the efficacy of their application and sustainability.

The Policy of Full Subsidy for Six Voluntary Vaccinations and Community Education in Horokanai Town ; Effects on Vaccine Coverage / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

 In Horokanai town, Hokkaido, the policy of full subsidies for voluntary vaccinations against influenza, haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), varicella, mumps, pneumococcal for children and human papillomavirus (HPV) was introduced between 2008 and 2010. A campaign for community education about vaccination was initiated.<br> Vaccination coverage improved after the subsidy as follows : influenza vaccination increased from 57.4% to 60.1%, Hib from 2.9% to 52.2%, varicella from 0% to 30.0%, mumps from 2.8% to 38.2%, pneumococcal for children from 1.3% to 50.6%, and HPV from 0% to 81.3%.

The community education base of clinical medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

With the change of medical mode and deepening of the medical education reforms,such educational idea as giving prominence to practice is widely used to improve students' comprehensive quality and innovative ability and practice ability. The medical shool of Tibet university has established long-term apprentice mechanism during the before class and playtimes and found four county hospitals, five health clinics in towns and townships and gradually improved the construction of mutual win-win 9clinical teaching bases. In this way it has been cultivating many advanced medical personnels, who are reliable, available, able to stay, and highly praised by the employers.