Fibroblasts inhibit osteogenesis by regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of YAP in mesenchymal stem cells and secreting DKK1

BACKGROUND: Fibrous scars frequently form at the sites of bone nonunion when attempts to repair bone fractures have failed. However, the detailed mechanism by which fibroblasts, which are the main components of fibrous scars, impede osteogenesis remains largely unknown. RESULTS: In this study, we found that fibroblasts compete with osteogenesis in both human bone nonunion tissues and BMP2-induced ectopic osteogenesis in a mouse model. Fibroblasts could inhibit the osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via direct and indirect cell competition. During this process, fibroblasts modulated the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of YAP in MSCs. Knocking down YAP could inhibit osteoblast differentiation of MSCs, while overexpression of nuclear-localized YAP-5SA could reverse the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation of MSCs caused by fibroblasts. Furthermore, fibroblasts secreted DKK1, which further inhibited the formation of calcium nodules during the late stage of osteogenesis but did not affect the early stage of osteogenesis. Thus, fibroblasts could inhibit osteogenesis by regulating YAP localization in MSCs and secreting DKK1. CONCLUSIONS: Our research revealed that fibroblasts could modulate the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of YAP in MSCs, thereby inhibiting their osteoblast differentiation. Fibroblasts could also secrete DKK1, which inhibited calcium nodule formation at the late stage of osteogenesis.

High population levels lead Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) to unrecorded feeding and oviposition behaviors on Eucalyptus urograndis plants / Altos níveis populacionais levam Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) a diferentes comportamentos de alimentação e oviposição em plantas de Eucalyptus urograndis

The red gum lerp psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, 1964 (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), an insect pest originating in Australia and which feeds only on Eucalyptus L'Hér. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) plants, has spread to several countries. The populations of this insect commonly reach high populations on Eucalyptus plants since its entry into Brazil, and also indicated an unrecorded behavioral. The objectives of this study were to describe a peculiar adaptation in the feeding habit of G. brimblecombei and to register the new habit. The oviposition and feeding by G. brimblecombei, commonly, on the leaves of Eucalyptus, started to occur, also, on lignified twigs. This suggests a not yet recorded adaptation of this insect to reduce insect × plant intraspecific competition.

O psilídeo de concha, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, 1964 (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), um inseto praga originário da Austrália e que se alimenta apenas de plantas de Eucalyptus L'Hér. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae), se espalhou por vários países. Esse inseto, geralmente, atinge grandes populações em plantas de Eucalyptus desde sua entrada no Brasil e, também, indicou um comportamento diferente. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever uma adaptação peculiar no hábito alimentar de G. brimblecombei e registrar o novo hábito. A oviposição e alimentação por G. brimblecombei, geralmente, nas folhas de Eucalyptus, passaram a ocorrer, também, em ramos lignificados. Isso sugere uma adaptação diferente desse inseto para reduzir a competição intraespecífica inseto × planta.

High population levels lead Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) to unrecorded feeding and oviposition behaviors on Eucalyptus urograndis plants

Abstract The red gum lerp psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, 1964 (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), an insect pest originating in Australia and which feeds only on Eucalyptus L'Hér. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) plants, has spread to several countries. The populations of this insect commonly reach high populations on Eucalyptus plants since its entry into Brazil, and also indicated an unrecorded behavioral. The objectives of this study were to describe a peculiar adaptation in the feeding habit of G. brimblecombei and to register the new habit. The oviposition and feeding by G. brimblecombei, commonly, on the leaves of Eucalyptus, started to occur, also, on lignified twigs. This suggests a not yet recorded adaptation of this insect to reduce insect × plant intraspecific competition.

Resumo O psilídeo de concha, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, 1964 (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), um inseto praga originário da Austrália e que se alimenta apenas de plantas de Eucalyptus L'Hér. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae), se espalhou por vários países. Esse inseto, geralmente, atinge grandes populações em plantas de Eucalyptus desde sua entrada no Brasil e, também, indicou um comportamento diferente. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever uma adaptação peculiar no hábito alimentar de G. brimblecombei e registrar o novo hábito. A oviposição e alimentação por G. brimblecombei, geralmente, nas folhas de Eucalyptus, passaram a ocorrer, também, em ramos lignificados. Isso sugere uma adaptação diferente desse inseto para reduzir a competição intraespecífica inseto × planta.

Economic Conditions Of Auto Drivers In Mysore City - An Analytical Study

The changes in socio-economic and technological factors have caused auto drivers in Mysore city, as well as other cities in India, to experience a variety of economic challenges. The current study work explores the economic issues vehicle drivers in Mysore City experience, as well as the elements that contribute to these issues. A survey of 80 Auto drivers in Mysore city served as the basis for the study. The results indicate that drivers of autos have a range of financial issues, including poor pay, high operating costs, competition from cab services that operate through apps and a lack of social security benefits. The study finishes with suggestions for legislative changes to enhance the financial circumstances of Mysore city's auto drivers. The study identifies the serious economic issues that affect Mysore city's auto drivers and makes recommendations for potential policy changes that the government may take to help them. Policymakers can guarantee that auto drivers can continue to offer residents vital transport services while also raising their level of life by addressing these issues.

Resultados iniciales para un estudio sobre competencia comunicativa en el contexto de la relación personal de salud-paciente

Introducción: Las relaciones sociales se erigen sobre la base de la comunicación entre los hombres y desde el punto de vista profesional implican el dominio de la competencia comunicativa que garantice la posesión de saberes que fortalezcan el resultado del intercambio entre los interlocutores. El texto tiene como objetivo exponer los resultados iniciales del proceso de caracterización y diagnóstico de la situación problémica asumida por el proyecto de investigación Estrategia de superación dirigido al desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa profesional en el contexto de la relación personal de salud-paciente en el nivel primario de atención. Método: Es una investigación perteneciente a proyecto asociado a programa sectorial del tipo Investigación + Desarrollo que, por su carácter, es observacional explicativa-causal. Se gestiona en el Centro de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en Salud. (CENDECSA), adscrito a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey; entre enero de 2021 y diciembre de 2023. El estudio cuasi experimental, con un diseño pre y post intervención emplea una muestra aleatoria simple, que conforman profesionales del Policlínico Universitario José Martí, a los que se suman otros del territorio que participan en las acciones de superación que se acometen. Resultados: Se exponen los hallazgos del diagnóstico y caracterización de la situación problémica. Se aplicaron técnicas e instrumentos de investigación a pacientes, familiares y personal de salud. Se constataron insuficiencias que limitan el intercambio discursivo lo cual redunda en estados de insatisfacción que atentan contra el propósito de la interrelación en el proceso de la atención en salud. Discusión: Los resultados confrontados con investigaciones nacionales y extranjeras confirman la justificación del problema científico y la actualidad de la temática.

Introduction: Social relations are built on the basis of communication between men and from the professional point of view they imply the mastery of communicative competence that guarantees the possession of knowledge that strengthens the result of the exchange between the interlocutors. The objective of the text is to present the initial results of the process of characterization and diagnosis of the problematic situation assumed by the research project Overcoming strategy aimed at the development of professional communicative competence in the context of the personal health-patient relationship at the level primary care. Method: It is a sectorial investigation of the Research + Development type that, due to its nature, is explanatory-causal observational. It is managed at the Center for the Development of Social and Humanistic Sciences in Health. (CENDECSA), attached to the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey; between January 2021 and December 2023. The quasi-experimental study, with a pre- and post-intervention design, uses a simple random sample, made up of professionals from the José Martí University Polyclinic, as well as cons from the territory who participate in the actions of overcoming that are undertaken. Results: The findings of the diagnosis and characterization of the problematic situation are exposed. Research techniques and instruments were applied to patients, relatives and health personnel. Insufficiencies were found that limit the discursive exchange, which results in states of dissatisfaction that undermine the purpose of interrelation in the health care process. Discussion: The results compared with national and foreign investigations confirm the justification of the scientific problem and the topicality of the subject.

Comparative-study-on-selected-psychological-abilities-between-kabaddi-and-kho-kho-players

The main objective of the current study was to compare the kabaddi and Kho-Kho players of Murshidabad district, who was attained position at district level sports competition on selected psychological abilities through the selected test items such as: psycho-motor Ability, Concentration and sports Competition Anxiety Test between the players of kabaddi and Kho-Kho. For the purpose of the present study, finally sixty players were selected as subject. Out of total sixty subject, 30 subjects from the Kho-Kho have been selected on purposive and random sampling basis, who was won medal/position district level sports competition. All the subjects were involved in regular practise as a preparation for their targeted competition in their own sports. The data ware collected in raw from and analysed by calculating the descriptive statistical techniques and 't' test were applied. The level of significance was set at 0.05 level of confidence. There was significant difference was found in the Psycho-motor Ability in relation to the Kabaddi and Kho-Kho players. There was no significant difference found in relation to consultation ability measured through great taste between Kabaddi and Kho-Kho players. The significant difference watch found in the sports competition hello anxiety test (SCAT) in relation to the Kabaddi and Kho-Kho players

Validação e confiabilidade metodológica na pesquisa qualitativa: aplicações a um estudo em pedagogia do esporte / Methodological validation and reliability in qualitative research: applications to a study in sports pedagogy / Validación y confiabilidad metodológica en investigación cualitativa: aplicaciones a un estudio en pedagogía del deporte

A pesquisa qualitativa em pedagogia do esporte conquistou reconhecimento acadêmico, mas ainda pairam dúvidas sobre sua aleatoriedade, subjetividade e falta de rigor com base na ética do/a pesquisador/a. Defendemos, apoiado em reflexões filosóficas, posição favorável à busca por rigorosidade metodológica na pesquisa qualitativa, porém, nossa posição não se baseia na cisão, mas no diálogo possível entre as premissas positivistas que sustentam a busca por rigorosidade e a possibilidade de pleno envolvimento do/a pesquisador/a com o campo de pesquisa. Diante deste contexto, apresentamos os nossos esforços na condução de um estudo de pós-graduação sobre competições de jovens, apresentando os caminhos metodológicos percorridos em busca de validação e confiabilidade dos procedimentos de coleta de informações e tratamento analítico aos dados qualitativos.

Qualitative research in sport pedagogy has conquered academic recognition, but doubts about its randomness, subjectivity and lack of rigor based on researcher ethics. We defend, based on philosophical reflections, a position favorable to the adoption of criteria of methodological rigor for qualitative research, however, our position is not based on a split, but on the possible dialogue between the positivist premises that support the search for rigor and the possibility of full involviment of the researcher with de research field. Thus, we present our efforts in conducting a postgraduate study on youth competitions, presenting the methodological paths traveled in search of validation and reliability for data collection procedures and analytical treatment of qualitative data.

La investigación cualitativa en pedagogía del deporte ha conquistado reconocimiento académico, pero aún quedan dudas sobre su aleatoriedad, subjetividad y falta de rigor a partir de la ética del investigador. Defendemos, con base en reflexiones filosóficas, una posición favorable a la adopción de criterios de rigor metodológico para la investigación cualitativa, sin embargo, nuestra posición no se basa en una escisión, sino en el diálogo posible entre las premisas positivistas que sustentan la búsqueda de rigor y la posibilidad de total involucramiento del investigador com el campo de investigación. Así, presentamos nuestros esfuerzos en la realización de un estudio de posgrado sobre competiciones juveniles, presentando los caminos metodológicos recorridos en busca de la validación y confiabilidad para los procedimientos de recolección de informaciónes y tratamiento analítico a los datos cualitativos.

Translation, adaptation, and evidence of content validity and internal structure of the brazilian version of the contest orientation scale / Tradução, adaptação e evidências de validade de conteúdo e de estrutura interna da versão brasileira da contest orientation scale

ABSTRACT This study aimed to translate, adapt, and present the first evidence of content validity and internal structure of the Brazilian version of the Contest Orientation Scale. To this end, three studies were conducted. The first study was the translation of the items of the scale and adaptation to the Brazilian sports context, considering cultural and theoretical aspects by four judges, fluent in both languages (English and Portuguese). The second study was the content validation of the translated version. To this end, three judges evaluated Language Clarity (CVCtLC= 0.90), Theoretical Relevance (CVCtTR= 0.91), and Theoretical Dimensionality (KTotal= 0.71). The results ranged from good to satisfactory. The third study applied the scale to 188 athletes of both sexes, with a mean age of 30.6 years. A semi-confirmatory factor analysis was performed, which presented a clean factorial solution, with adjustment ranging from reasonable to satisfactory and satisfactory reliability indices (α = 0.744). In conclusion, the Brazilian version of the scale presents indices favorable to its application to evaluate the orientations to the dispute in the sport.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi traduzir, adaptar e apresentar as primeiras evidências de validade de conteúdo e de estrutura interna da versão brasileira da Contest Orientation Scale. Para tanto, foram realizados três estudos. No primeiro estudo, a tradução dos itens da escala e adaptação para o contexto esportivo brasileiro, considerando aspectos culturais e teóricos, foi realizada por quatro juízes, fluentes em ambos os idiomas (inglês e português). No segundo estudo, foi realizada a validação de conteúdo da versão traduzida. Para tanto, três juízes realizaram a avaliação da Clareza de Linguagem (CVCtCL = 0,90), Relevância Teórica (CVCtRT = 0,91) e Dimensionalidade Teórica (KTotal = 0,71). Os resultados variaram de bons a satisfatórios. No terceiro estudo, a escala foi aplicada a 188 atletas de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 30,6 anos. Realizou-se uma análise fatorial semi-confirmatória, que apresentou uma solução fatorial limpa, com ajuste variando de razoável a satisfatório e índices de fidedignidade satisfatórios (α = 0,744). Conclui-se que a versão brasileira da escala apresenta índices favoráveis à sua aplicação na avaliação das orientações à disputa no esporte.

Reform and practice of Biopharmaceutical Technology Comprehensive Experiments in higher vocational colleges in the context of skills competition / 生物工程学报

Comprehensive experiments course is a bridge for higher vocational students to integrate theoretical knowledge with production practice. The article introduces that our biological pharmacy department is committed to the principles of "promotion of teaching, learning and construction through skills competition so as to integrate education and training". By taking penicillin fermentation process as an example, reform has been made in several aspects including teaching objectives, teaching content and teaching methods. We integrate the practical operation of fermentation equipment with virtual simulation software to develop a two-way interactive course. By reducing the subjective dependence, the quantitative management and evaluation of fermentation process parameter control were put into place, which efficiently integrated the skills competition with practical teaching. Improved teaching performance has been achieved over recent years, which may facilitate the reform and practice of similar courses based on skills competition.

Effect of oral skill competition on the practice teaching quality of stomatology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

With reference to the experience of School of Stomatology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, in participating in oral skill competitions, this article analyzes and summarizes the teaching issues reflected in skill competitions and refines the teaching strategies of consolidating theoretical foundation and cultivating clinical thinking as the basis, implementing the sterile concept and maintaining standard body position and posture as the key, and standardizing operating standards and strengthening hand skills as the important points. Participating in skill competitions can help to improve the emphasis on practical skill teaching of stomatology among students and establish innovative teaching models. Meanwhile, humanistic quality education is taken seriously to improve the comprehensive qualities of students through multiple channels.

Combination of test skill course and test skill competition to cultivate applied test talents / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Weifang Medical University has taken the lead in setting up laboratory skills courses to train talents in Shandong Province, and held test skills competitions every year to test the effectiveness of learning. Based on the course of testing skills, medical humanistic literacy has been cultivated, and the basic knowledge and basic operation have been learned; taken the skill contest as the medium, the learning results have been tested and the professional skills have been strengthened. Through the combination of test skill course and test skill competition to cultivate applied test talents adapted to the times, it can meet the needs of all kinds of related posts.

Application of assessment-diagnosis-plan-implementation-evaluation teaching model based on skill competition in the teaching of "basic nursing" skills / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of Assessmen-Diagnosis-Plan-Implementation-Evaluation(ADPIE) teaching model based on skill competition in the teaching of "basic nursing" skills in higher vocational colleges.Methods:This was a quasi experimental study. Convenience sampling method was adopted to select students from two classes of 2021 vocational nursing major of Pingxiang Health Vocational College from February to July 2022 as the research objects, among which 53 nursing students from Class 9 were selected as the experimental group and 55 nursing students from Class 13 were selected as the control group. The experimental group was taught based on the ADPIE teaching mode of skill competition. The control group was taught according to the conventional teaching mode, and the academic record and humanistic care ability of the nursing students in the two groups were compared.Results:The three dimensions of humanistic care ability in experimental group were cognition (70.82 ± 9.20) points, courage (59.58 ± 6.04) points, patience (57.17 ± 5.26) points, total score (187.57 ± 20.50) points. They were higher than those in the control group,which were (67.40 ± 8.83), (55.98 ± 9.03), (54.37 ± 5.96) and (177.75 ± 20.82) points, and there were statistical differences between the groups (t values were 2.61 to 3.42, all P<0.05). In addition, the three dimensions of academic performance: ordinary score (6.10 ± 1.22)points, course score (57.10 ± 6.27) points, objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) score (27.09 ± 2.13)points, total score (90.29 ± 9.69) points, they were also higher than those of the control group (5.06 ± 1.33), (52.73 ± 5.44), (25.35 ± 3.29), and (83.14 ± 10.06), and the differences between groups were statistically significant ( t values were 2.52-3.34, All P<0.05). Conclusions:ADPIE teaching model based on skills competition can improve the course scores and humanistic care ability of nursing students, and the teaching effect is significant.

Antibiosis interaction of black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) with house fly (Musca domestica) (Diptera: Muscidae)

@#Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758)) larvae inhibit oviposition of house fly (Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758) by releasing a semiochemical, although in some situations, inhibition is only partial. We hypothesized that there is a certain period in the life cycle of black soldier fly when it can cause antibiosis of the house fly. Choice and non-choice tests were used to separately examine the effectiveness of each developmental stage of black soldier fly (egg, larval (phase I, II, and III), prepupal and pupal stages) and crude extract of larvae on house fly oviposition. Tests using each developmental stage were compared with controls lacking black soldier fly. The effects of black soldier fly on the number of newly hatched house fly larvae were evaluated and there was a significant difference between the test and control in the number of eggs laid by house fly for all phases of the black soldier fly larval stage. Strong inhibition was found in some black soldier fly larval phases. Significant differences in the numbers of house fly eggs oviposited in food containers treated with crude extract were found when compared with a control, confirming that chemicals from black soldier fly larvae resulted in inhibition of oviposition of house fly. The results from experiment also indicated that chemicals from black soldier larvae influenced the number of house fly larvae newly hatched from eggs.

Analysis and suggestions on the development trend of drug innovation in China / 中国药科大学学报

@#In order to comprehensivehy evaluate the stage of China in the global drug innovation, to further optimize the environment for drug innovation in China, and to unleash the vitality of drug innovation, this article mainly analyzes through comparison China''s situation of drug innovation in global competition from such perspectives as the current situation of the global drug R&D innovation market, R&D investment, product pipeline, policy support, and development trends, combined with the characteristics of China''s drug innovation development.It can be seen that China''s pharmaceutical innovation is faced with such practical problems as lagging behind some developed countries in terms of innovation development, companies bunching into research and development innovation, sudden research and development rush, and excessive dependence on capital markets for pharmaceutical innovation.Accordingly, this paper puts forward suggestions on continuously improving China''s new drug innovation environment, rationally selecting differentiated competition and new tracks, reasonably formulating drug innovation development strategies, guiding capital to return to innovative research and development, and constructing a "double cycle" strategy for drug innovation.

Percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo, la ansiedad y la autoconfianza en jugadores de fútbol semiprofesionales / Rating of perceived exertion, anxiety and self-confidence in semi-professional soccer players

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo y de los estados de ansiedad (cognitiva y somática), autoconfianza en jugadores de fútbol semiprofesionales. Método: han participado 18 jugadores españoles semiprofesionales con experiencia mínima de tres años en la categoría nacional (edad: 26.4 años, peso: 75.8 kg, altura: 181 cm) clasificados en dos porteros, tres defensas centrales, tres defensas laterales, cuatro centrocampistas, tres extremos y tres delanteros. Se analizaron 10 partidos (cinco como locales y cinco como visitantes) y se usó el cuestionario Competitive State Anxiety Inventory 2 y escala Category Ratio 10 de Borg para la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo. Se realizó el test de análisis de la varianza de un factor (posición de juego) y t-test para muestras independientes (localización y rol). Resultados: se han obtenido diferencias significativas en estas variables psicofisiológicas en relación con las posiciones de juego, localización y rol de juego. Conclusión: en este estudio de caso, los jugadores con rol defensivo y los que juegan como visitantes tienen menor percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo y los atacantes presentan mayor ansiedad somática y autoconfianza previos a la competición deportiva.

Abstract Objetive: To analyze the rate of perceived exertion and anxiety states (cognitive and somatic), self-confidence in semi-professional soccer players. Method: 18 semi-professional Spanish soccer players with at least 3 years' experience in the national category participated (age: 26.4; weight: 75.8 kg; height: 181 cm), classified as two goalkeepers, three central defenders, three internal defenders, four midfielders, three wingers, three forwards. Ten matches were analyzed (five at home and five as visitors) and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory 2 questionnaire and Borg's Category Ratio scale 10 for the rate of perceived exertion were used. A one-way analysis of variance test (game position) and t-test for independent samples (location and role) were performed. Results: Significant differences have been obtained in these psycho-physiological variables in relation to game positions, location, and game role. Conclusion: In this case report, players with a defensive role and those who play as visitors have lower rate of perceived exertion and attackers have higher somatic anxiety and self-confidence prior to the sports competition.

Competencia global para el desarrollo sostenible: una oportunidad para la educación superior / Global competition and sustainable development: opportunities for higher education / Competéncia global para o desenvolvimento sustentável: uma oportunidade para o ensino superior

RESUMEN El cumplimiento de las metas de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible y el fortalecimiento de las competencias para ser ciudadanos globales plantea grandes desafios a las naciones y especialmente, a sus sistemas educativos. En este contexto, se propone el diseno de un modelo de coordenadas curriculares dirigido a la formación de competencias para el desarrollo sostenible y la ciudadanía mundial, dentro de la Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo (Colombia). Desde un enfoque Qualitativo, con alcance descriptivo y el diseno de teoria fundamentada, se realizó una caracterización que devela la necesidad de avanzar en modelos curriculares de educación superior, cuya base sean los conocimientos teóricos y prácticos a fin de promover el desarrollo y los estilos de vida sostenible. A partir de ahi, se plantea modelo de gestión curricular que permita reflexionar sobre la importancia de articular dichas competencias a los propósitos misionales. Se concluye que, con su aplicación, la comunidad académica puede adoptar la herramienta teórica y establecer un diseno que favorezca la actualización curricular con enfoque hacia el desarrollo sostenible.

ABSTRACT The fulfillment ofthe targets of the Sustainable Development Goals and the strengthening of the competencies to be global citizens brings out great challenges to the nations and, especially to their educational systems. In this context, the design of a model of curricular coordinates aimed at the formation of skills for sustainable development and world citizenship, within la Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo (Pascual Bravo University Institution for its English conversion) (Colombia), is proposed. From a qualitative approach, with a descriptive scope and grounded theory design, a characterization was carried out that reveals the need to advance in higher education curricular models, whose base is theoretical and practical knowledge in order to promote the development and sustainable life styles. From there, a curricular management model is proposed that allows to reflect on the importance of articulating these competencies to the missionary purposes. It is concluded that, with its application, the academic community can adopt the theoretical tool and establish a design that favors curricular updating with a focus on sustainable development.

RESUMO O cumprimento das metas dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e o reforço das competéncias para a cidadania global representam grandes desafios para as nações e, especialmente, para os seus sistemas educativos. Neste contexto, propomos a conceção de um modelo de coordenadas curriculares visando a formação de competéncias para o desenvolvimento sustentável e a cidadania global, no âmbito da Instituição Universitária Pascual Bravo (Colômbia). A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, com um âmbito descritivo e uma conceção teórica fundamentada, foi realizada uma caracterização que revela a necessidade de avançar nos modelos curriculares do ensino superior cuja base o conhecimento teórico e prático, a fim de promover o desenvolvimento sustentável e os estilos de vida. Nesta base, é proposto um modelo de gestão curricular que permite refletir sobre a importância de articular estas competéncias com os objetivos da missão da instituição. Conclui-se que, com a sua aplicação, a comunidade académica pode adotar a ferramenta teórica e estabelecer um desenho que favoreça a atualização do currículo com enfoque no desenvolvimento sustentável.

Entrenamiento funcional como método de recuperación poscompetencia en fútbol sub-12. Criterios de especialistas

La recuperación es un estado funcional del deportista una vez que el estímulo físico se detiene, lo que es esencial para la bioadaptación del organismo. El entrenamiento funcional, al simular una actividad de la vida cotidiana de forma integral, puede ser utilizado para la recuperación muscular, es una alternativa para la recuperación poscompetencia en futbolistas de iniciación. En tal sentido, se plantea como propósito demostrar si el entrenamiento funcional permite la recuperación poscompetencia en futbolistas Sub-12. La investigación es transversal-correlacional, de orientación cualitativa, estudia a una población de 21 jugadores de fútbol Sub-12, a los cuales se les implementó una propuesta de intervención con ejercicios funcionales, se les midió el índice de fatiga en dos momentos de la preparación y se consultaron los criterios de 13 especialistas. Las siete fases del test Bangsbo (Pretest) disminuyeron su efectividad en la medida que se sucedieron las pruebas (Prueba 1: 7.35s; Prueba 7: 6.99s) y en el postest, la efectividad fue mejor (Min: 7.59s a Máx: 7.86s), se redujo el índice de fatiga en 1 % (de 1,55s a 0.78s). Por otra parte, los especialistas no consideraron que el entrenamiento funcional posee una influencia significativa en la recuperación poscompetencia (2.54 puntos Baja y Media). La aplicación del entrenamiento funcional evidenció mejoras en el índice de fatiga, resulta una alternativa efectiva para la recuperación poscompetencia en fútbol Sub-12, aunque los especialistas consultados desde el punto de vista teórico no han considerado la importancia que posee el entrenamiento funcional para optimizar los procesos de recuperación orgánica.

A recuperação é um estado funcional do atleta quando o estímulo físico pára, o que é essencial para a bi adaptação do organismo. O treino funcional, através da simulação de uma atividade da vida quotidiana de forma integral, pode ser utilizado para a recuperação muscular, é uma alternativa para a recuperação pós-competição em jogadores de futebol principiantes. Neste sentido, o objectivo deste estudo é demonstrar se o treino funcional permite a recuperação pós-competição em jogadores de futebol sub-12. A investigação é transversal-correlacional, de orientação qualitativa, estuda uma população de 21 jogadores de futebol sub-12, aos quais foi implementada uma proposta de intervenção com exercícios funcionais, o índice de fadiga foi medido em dois momentos da preparação e foram consultados os critérios de 13 especialistas. As sete fases do teste Bangsbo (Pré-teste) diminuíram em eficácia à medida que os testes prosseguiam (Teste 1: 7,35s; Teste 7: 6,99s) e no pós-teste, a eficácia foi melhor (Min: 7,59s para Max: 7,86s), o índice de fadiga foi reduzido em 1% (de 1,55s para 0,78s). Por outro lado, a formação funcional não foi considerada pelos especialistas como tendo uma influência significativa na recuperação pós-competição (2,54 pontos Baixo e Médio). A aplicação do treino funcional mostrou melhorias no índice de fadiga, é uma alternativa eficaz para a recuperação pós-competição no futebol sub-12, embora os especialistas consultados do ponto de vista teórico não tenham considerado a importância do treino funcional para optimizar os processos de recuperação orgânica.

Recovery is a functional state of the athlete once the physical stimulus stops, which is essential for the bioadaptation of the organism. Functional training, by simulating an activity of daily life in an integral way, can be used for muscle recovery, and is an alternative for post-competition recovery in beginner soccer players. In this sense, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate whether functional training allows post-competition recovery in U12 soccer players. The research is transversal-correlational, of qualitative orientation, it studies a population of 21 U-12 soccer players, to whom an intervention proposal with functional exercises was implemented, the fatigue index was measured in two moments of the preparation and the criteria of 13 specialists were consulted. The seven phases of the Bangsbo test (Pretest) decreased their effectiveness as the tests went on (Test 1: 7.35s; Test 7: 6.99s) and in the posttest, the effectiveness was better (Min: 7.59s to Max: 7.86s), the fatigue index was reduced by 1 % (from 1.55s to 0.78s). On the other hand, the specialists did not consider that functional training has a significant influence on post competition recovery (Low and Medium 2.54points). The application of functional training evidenced improvements in the fatigue index, it is an effective alternative for post competition recovery in U-12 soccer, although the specialists consulted from the theoretical point of view have not considered the importance of functional training to optimize the processes of organic recovery.

El método de consulta a expertos en tres niveles de validación / Method for expert consultation at three levels of validation

Introducción: En muchas investigaciones científicas de las Ciencias Sociales, es usual la aplicación del método de consulta a expertos con el fin de validar escalas, enfoques, proyecciones, políticas y otros temas para la adopción de decisiones fundamentadas, aunque se constata su empleo parcial, indiscriminado e incorrecto. Objetivo: Fundamentar la necesidad de aplicar el método de consulta a expertos en tres niveles para determinar: la competencia de los expertos; la fiabilidad del instrumento empleado y el consenso entre los expertos sobre el tema abordado. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una sistematización de documentos relacionados con el empleo del método de consulta de expertos en la investigación científica, tesis de doctorado y maestría, artículos, monografías y otras publicaciones. Se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas. Resultados: Se constata que la aplicación del método de consulta a expertos siguiendo los procedimientos adecuados, permite elevar el rigor metodológico y su contribución en la investigación científica. Conclusiones: El método de consulta a expertos constituye una herramienta eficaz en la investigación científica siempre que se aplique con el rigor requerido(AU)

Introduction: The method for expert consultation is commonly applied to scientific research conducted in the Social Sciences to validate scales, approaches, planning, politics, and other matters in decision making; however, its incorrect, indiscriminate, and partial use is confirmed. Objective: To validate the need to apply the method for expert consultation at three levels in order to determine: the competence of experts; the reliability of the instrument used; and the consensus among experts on the topic approached. Material and Methods: Systematization of documents related to the use of the method for expert consultation in scientific research, master´s and doctoral theses, articles, monographs, and other publications. Non-parametric statistical tests were applied. Results: It is confirmed that the application of the method for expert consultation following the appropriate procedures allows for an increase in the methodological rigor and a contribution to scientific research. Conclusions: The method for expert consultation is an effective tool in scientific research provided that it is rigorously applied(AU)

Experience and enlightenment from undertaking the special competition for radiation monitoring / 中国辐射卫生

Environmental monitoring technologies competition can effectively improve the comprehensive quality and technical skills of technical personnel by means of professional theory exams and on-site practical assessment. In view of the undertaking work of the Second National Competition of Professional and Technical Personnel in Ecology and Environment Monitoring (special competition for radiation monitoring), this paper summarized the experience and gains in the aspects of preliminary preparation, field implementation, achievement generation, etc., analyzed the problems in national radiation environmental monitoring through the achievements of the special competition for radiation monitoring, and put forward recommendations for the next step, in order to provide reference for undertaking similar major events in the future and provide ideas and directions for national radiation environmental monitoring.

Reasons and enlightenment of the formation of high drug prices in the United States / 中华医院管理杂志

Optimizing the drug price management mechanism and improving the availability and affordability of drugs are important in deepening the medical and health reform. The price of drugs in the United States has always been higher than the world average. The price of drugs, the total expenditure on drugs and the personal burden of patients have shown an increasing trend. By exploring the causes of high drug prices in the United States, the author found that there were four main reasons for the current situation of drug prices in the United States, including the interests of enterprises, the limited competition mechanism of the US drug market, relatively insufficient market bargaining power of the US payers, and opaque mechanism of price formation.Firstly, pharmaceutical companies try to achieve their interests by raising drug prices. Secondly, the price formation mechanism of the United States drug market is affected by the price strategy of pharmaceutical companies, and government policies also indirectly affect the role of the market. Thirdly, the payers in the United States are relatively scattered, so that the market bargaining power is relatively insufficient.Fourthly, due to the numerous drug circulation links and stakeholders, the drug price formation mechanism is opaque and lacks supervision. Therefore, when strengthening drug price management in China, we should build a coordination mechanism between the government and the market on the basis of the existing basic economic system and drug management mechanism, establish the strategic purchase and negotiation position of medical insurance for drugs, enhance the transparency of drug circulation and trading, and establish a scientific pricing system. It is also important to promote drug innovation and ensure drug quality.