Estrategias para enseñar sobre autocuidado a personas con úlceras vasculares venosas: una revisión integrativ / Strategies for Teaching Self-care to People with Venous Ulcers: An Integrative Review / Estratégias para o ensino do autocuidado a pessoas com úlceras vasculares venosas: uma revisão integrativa

Introducción: las úlceras vasculares son lesiones que se desarrollan principalmente en miembros inferiores, se acompañan de dolor continuo e incapacitante, dificultan la movilidad, alteran la propia imagen corporal y pueden interferir en las actividades de la vida diaria. Las úlceras venosas son graves, ocasionadas por insuficiencia venosa crónica e hipertensión venosa permanente, y la persona que las padece debe recibir cuidados de enfermería integrales, que contribuyan al autocuidado. Objetivo:describir las estrategias que debe tener en cuenta el profesional de enfermería para la promoción del autocuidado en personas con úlceras vasculares venosas. Metodología: revisión integrativa de la literatura. Se realizó búsqueda en bases de datos y recursos electrónicos: Medline a través de PubMed Health, Epistemonikos y SciELO. Se incluyeron artículos de investigación y de revisión relacionados con el problema en estudio, publicados en inglés, portugués o español en el periodo 2010-2020. Estudio sin riesgo, se respetan los derechos de autor. Resultados: se analizó una muestra constituida por 41 publicaciones. Los temas principales producto del análisis fueron: proceso de atención de enfermería y autocuidado, familiarizándose con la úlcera venosa y las opciones terapéuticas, conocimiento de la terapia de compresión, práctica de los estilos de vida saludables. Conclusiones: el cuidado de enfermería al paciente con úlcera venosa debe comenzar por reconocer a la persona desde una perspectiva holística y en reciprocidad con su entorno, lo que implica un proceso de atención integral que va más allá de la úlcera y valora al paciente como un sujeto activo en el cuidado, para que se familiarice con su herida y esté en capacidad de detectar señales de mejoría o de alarma, así como de conocer la terapia de compresión y opciones terapéuticas y de llevar a su cotidianidad la práctica de estilos de vida saludables

Introduction: Venous ulcers are lesions developed mainly on the lower limbs. They cause continuous and disabling pain, impair mobility, alter self-image, and interfere with daily life activities. Venous ulcers are serious. They are caused by chronic venous insufficiency and permanent venous hypertension. People suffering from venous ulcers should receive comprehensive nursing care that contributes to self-care. Objective: To describe the strategies nursing professionals should consider for promoting self-care in people with venous ulcers. Method: Integrative review of the literature. Databases and electronic resources were searched: Medline using PubMed, Health, Epistemonikos, and SciELO. Research and review articles related to the study problem, published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish between 2010 and 2020, were included. This is a risk-free study, and copyrights were respected. Results: A sample of 41 publications was analyzed. The main themes derived from the analysis were the nursing care process and self-care, getting familiar with venous ulcers and therapeutic options, knowledge of compression therapy, and practice of healthy lifestyles. Conclusions: Nursing care for patients with venous ulcers should begin by recognizing a person from a holistic perspective and reciprocally with their environment. This approach implies a comprehensive care process that goes beyond the ulcer and values patients as active subjects of care so that they become familiar with their wounds and detect signs of improvement or warning. They can also know about compression therapy and therapeutic options and take the practice of healthy lifestyles into their daily lives.

Introdução: As úlceras vasculares são lesões que se desenvolvem principalmente nos membros inferiores, são acompanhadas de dor contínua e incapacitante, dificultam a mobilidade, alteram a própria imagem corporal e podem interferir nas atividades da vida diária. As úlceras venosas são graves, causadas pela insuficiência venosa crônica e hipertensão venosa permanente, e a pessoa que as sofre deve receber cuidado de enfermagem integral que contribua para o autocuidado. Objetivo: Descrever as estratégias que o profissional de enfermagem deve levar em consideração para promover o autocuidado em pessoas com úlceras vasculares venosas. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da literatura. Realizou-se busca nas bases de dados e recursos eletrônicos: Medline por meio do PubMed Health, Epistemonikos SciELO. Foram incluídos artigos de pesquisa e revisão relacionados ao problema em estudo, publicados em inglês, português ou espanhol, no período 2010-2020. Estudo sem risco, os direitos autorais são respeitados. Resultados: Foi analisada uma amostra de 41 publicações. Os principais tópicos resultantes da análise foram: processo de atenção de enfermagem e autocuidado, familiarização com a úlcera venosa e as opções terapêuticas, conhecimento da terapia compressiva, prática de estilos de vida saudáveis. Conclusões: O cuidado de enfermagem ao paciente com úlcera venosa deve começar por reconhecer à pessoa desde uma perspectiva holística e em reciprocidade com seu meio, o que implica um processo de atendimento integral que vai além da úlcera e valoriza ao paciente como sujeito ativo no cuidado para que ele se familiarize com sua ferida e seja capaz de detectar sinais de melhora ou alarme, bem como aprender sobre terapia compressiva e as opções terapêuticas e praticar estilos de vida saudáveis em sua vida diária.

Prevention Effects of Graduated Compression Stockings and Intermittent Pneumatic Compression on Deep Vein Thrombosis in SICU Patients: Pilot Study / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of mechanical interventions for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis in surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients. METHODS: The participants were assigned to the intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) and graduated compression stocking (GCS) intervention. Patients who met the criteria were selected for comparison from our previous study. Data for 140 patients were included in the final analysis. RESULTS: The mean age was 57.5 (+/-15.7) and 61.4% were men. About forty-seven percent of the participants were 61 years or over. In the second duplex scan, 3, 2 and 1 critically ill patients developed deep vein thrombosis in the control, GCS, and IPC groups, respectively. Incidences of DVT were 6.0%, 5.0%, and 2.0% for the control, GCS, and IPC groups, respectively. This difference was not significant. Relative risks of no intervention were 3.0 and 1.2 compared with IPC and GCS application. There were no significantly different variables among the three groups before the intervention except for diagnosis on admission. CONCLUSION: Although it may difficult to conclude that mechanical prophylaxis effectively prevents DVT among SICU patients because there was no statistical significance in this study, but incidence rates among the three groups differed greatly. The findings reveal that further study should be conducted with larger samples and randomized controlled trial for SICU patients.

THE HIGHER CALF PRESSURE INDUCED BY WEARING GRADUATED ELASTIC COMPRESSION STOCKING INCREASES CALF VENOUS COMPLIANCE / 体力科学

The purpose of the present study was to clarify effect of increase in calf pressure on calf venous compliance. The calf pressures were increased by wearing elastic compression stockings with different pressures (Calf pressure 0, 12, 17, 21 mmHg). Healthy twelve people (six men and six women, 43.3±15.3 years) volunteered to participate in this study. Changes in calf venous volume during spine rest were measured by mercury plethysmography. We analyzed the calf venous compliance by inflating the venous collecting cuff to 60 mmHg for 7 min, then decreasing cuff pressure at 1 mmHg/sec (over 1 min) to 0 mmHg, using cuff pressure as an estimate of venous pressure. This method produced pressure-volume curves fitting the quadratic regression (Δlimb volume)=β₀+β₁·(cuff pressure)+β₂·(cuff pressure)², where Δ is change. The higher calf venous compliance and volume were observed in with the higher pressure stocking. These results suggest that higher calf pressure induced by wearing elastic compression stocking increases calf venous compliance and maximum venous outflow.