Investigation and analysis of pharmaceutical management in compact medical consortium of Guangdong province / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current situation of pharmaceutical management in compact medical consortium of Guangdong province， and to provide decision-making basis for promoting the high-quality construction and sustainable development of the provincial medical consortium. METHODS A self-designed questionnaire was used to select 50 compact medical consortiums in Guangdong province. The survey was answered by the heads of the pharmacy department of the general hospitals. The survey covered the basic scale of the consortium， the appointment of chief pharmacists， the implementation of pharmaceutical management and pharmaceutical care homogenization within the consortium， the difficulties in promoting the homogenization， and the expected provincial support. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the survey results. RESULTS A total of 50 questionnaires were collected， and the effective recovery rate was 100%. There were 16 chief pharmacists （32.00%） in charge of the pharmacy department of the general hospital in the medical consortium. Thirty-seven medical consortiums （74.00%） had established a drug supply support system within the consortium， 35 medical consortiums （70.00%） had carried out pharmaceutical management and coordination work within the medical consortium， 23 medical consortiums （46.00%） had established a clinical medication guidance system， 25 medical consortiums chenwenying2016@163.com （50.00%） had established a bidirectional communication mechanism， and only 8 medical consortiums （16.00%） had developed new models of pharmaceutical care. At present， the difficulties in promoting the homogenization of pharmaceutical management and pharmaceutical care within the medical consortium were mainly found in three aspects： the wide gap in management level of each member unit， the lack and uneven level of pharmaceutical personnel， and insufficient policy support and implementation. Most medical consortiums hoped that relevant departments could promote the homogenization of pharmaceutical work by holding special training courses or special supervision. CONCLUSIONS At present， the compact medical consortium in Guangdong province has achieved initial results in the implementation of the chief pharmacist system， the homogenization of pharmaceutical management and pharmaceutical care. However， it is still necessary to improve the coverage of chief pharmacist appointments in the medical consortium， implement the homogenization of pharmaceutical management， and accelerate the homogenization process of pharmaceutical care.

Biodegradación de polietilenglicol 400 con consorcio de Pseudomonas sp. y Rhizobium trifolii

Se evaluó la biodegradación de polietilenglicol de peso molecular 400 - PEG 400 con el consorcio Pseudomonas sp. y Rhizobium trifolii en reactores en Batch; para determinar las condiciones óptimas de operación del reactor se preparó medio con sales mínimas esenciales suplementado con peptonaCSMEP; en estos medios se estimó el comportamiento del consorcio con condiciones de temperatura entre 15-37°C, pH en un rango de 5-9 y concentración de PEG 400 del .1-2%. Con los resultados obtenidos en estos ensayos previos se ensamblaron tres reactores en Batch - BK. Se analizaron 14 muestras del contenido de cada uno de los reactores durante 20 días para medir la biodegradación del PEG 400 usando demanda química de oxígeno - DQO en sistema de digestión cerrado. Se obtuvo una disminución de hasta el 98.5% del poliéter, lo que mostró que la simbiosis fue efectiva para alcanzar una remoción importante del contaminante.

The biodegradation of polyethylene glycol of molecular weight 400 - PEG 400 was evaluated with the consortium Pseudomonas sp. and Rhizobium trifolii in Batch reactors. To determine the optimal operating conditions of the reactor, a medium with minimum essential salts supplemented with CSMEP peptone was prepared; In these media, the behavior of the consortium was estimated with temperature conditions between 15-37°C, pH in a range of 5-9 and PEG 400 concentration of .1-2%. With the results obtained in these previous tests, three Batch - BK reactors were assembled. 14 samples of the contents of each one of the reactors were analyzed during 20 days to measure the biodegradation of PEG 400 using chemical oxygen demand - COD in a closed digestion system. A decrease of up to 98.5% of the polyether was obtained, which showed that the symbiosis was effective to achieve an important removal of the contaminant.

The Asian Sarcoma Consortium sarcoma preceptorship program: A program evaluation study utilizing the kirkpatrick model (level 1 and 2)

Background@#Sarcomas, a heterogenous group of malignancies consisting of tumors, are rarely encountered in most general oncology clinics. As a result, most general oncologists have very little experience in dealing with these tumors and resulting in poorer treatment and survival outcomes. Having successful collaborative efforts in research, the Asian Sarcoma Consortium (ASC) pioneered a Sarcoma Preceptorship Program with its main goal of increasing awareness of the multidisciplinary approach in the management of sarcomas.@*Objective@#The objective of this study is to evaluate the ASC Sarcoma Preceptorship Program using the first 2 levels of the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model: Level 1) Reaction – through using satisfaction surveys; and Level 2) Knowledge – focusing on the amount of information gained from the activity evaluated by test-retest method.@*Methods@#The 2-day preceptorship program held in Singapore utilized educational activities such as didactic lectures, multidisciplinary case discussions, and case presentations. The program was evaluated using: 1) pre-test and posttest; 2) satisfaction survey from ASC; and 3) satisfaction survey made by the sponsor, Novartis Pharma.@*Results@#The preceptorship program enrolled 30 participants, most from the Asia-Pacific region. The overall results from the satisfaction surveys were generally optimistic, with results showing high levels of satisfaction with regard to the time allotment, scope of topics, and how helpful each session was. Test results showed that participants scored lower in post-test as compared to the pre-test. Computation of the Coefficient of Test reliability showed that although the pre-test was highly reliable, this was not true of the post-test.@*Conclusions@#Based on the Level 1 evaluation, the program was successful in terms of both participant and faculty satisfaction. However, certain areas for improvement were identified and recommendations were made in order to effect improvements for future iterations of this preceptorship.

Avaliação dos serviços prestados pelos consórcios públicos intermunicipais de Minas Gerais na perspectiva de gestores de saúde / Evaluation of services provided by public intermunicipal consortia in Minas Gerais from the perspective of health managers

Introdução: um dos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) é a descentralização de serviços de saúde, com uma única direção em cada esfera de governo e tendo os estados e municípios responsabilidade compartilhada pela gestão de políticas públicas. A autonomia municipal tornou-se mais factível por meio de acordos de cooperação, entre os entes interessados na realização de um mesmo objetivo. Dessa cooperação, resultam os consórcios interfederativos, que são associações voluntárias seja por meio de municípios, estados e/ou união. Assim como ocorrem em outras regiões do país, os consórcios de saúde em Minas Gerais existem devido a uma necessidade dos municípios de se unirem, já que sozinhos, não conseguiriam prestar determinado tipo de serviço para a sociedade. A avaliação precisa ser pensada não só como um julgamento do serviço que está sendo prestado, mas também como uma oportunidade de mudanças. Objetivo: avaliar os serviços prestados pelos Consórcios Intermunicipais de Saúde em Minas Gerais na perspectiva de gestores municipais. Metodologia: do ponto de vista metodológico trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, que foi realizada com os gestores municipais de saúde do estado de Minas Gerais nas 14 Macrorregiões de Saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado, de fevereiro a setembro de 2023. O projeto foi submetido ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais e a coleta de dados só foi iniciada após aprovação. A realização das entrevistas ocorreu entre março e setembro de 2023, sendo utilizado um roteiro semiestruturado. Considerando que se trata de investigação para um Programa de Mestrado Profissional e do curto tempo para a pesquisa, optou-se pela quantidade pré-definida de 14 participantes. As entrevistas foram gravadas, ouvidas na totalidade, transcritas e submetidas à Análise de Conteúdo, seguindo a modalidade de Análise Temática. Resultados e discussão: foram organizadas três categorias de análise: a primeira aborda a participação dos consórcios na Rede de Atenção à Saúde, a qual foi relacionada com a referência e contrarreferência, Transporte Sanitário Eletivo, atenção especializada e compra de medicamentos. Na segunda categoria, foi apresentado o alcance das finalidades propostas, abordando a atenção especializada e o consórcio de saúde como uma ferramenta importante para os municípios de pequeno porte. Na terceira e última categoria, foram apresentadas as potencialidades e fragilidades, com destaque para a discussão de pontos como a distância do consórcio, o valor dos procedimentos, a variedade de procedimentos e a qualidade do serviço. O estudo revelou que os participantes reconhecem a importância do consórcio para a integração da Rede de Atenção à Saúde. Contudo, mesmo sabendo da importância dos consórcios, nem sempre os serviços são prestados da melhor maneira para os pacientes do SUS. Considerações finais: durante a realização deste estudo, ficou evidente a necessidade de os gestores entenderem a Rede de Atenção à Saúde e saber da importância que os consórcios têm na rede para ajudar os municípios a prestarem os serviços para a população. Cabe ressaltar que o consórcio de saúde representa uma valiosa estratégia que pode auxiliar os municípios a fortalecerem seu fluxo dentro da Rede de Atenção à Saúde.

Introduction: one of the principles of the Unified Health System (UHS) is the decentralization of health services, with a single direction in each sphere of government and states and municipalities having shared responsibility for the management of public policies. Municipal autonomy became more feasible through cooperation agreements between entities interested in achieving the same objective. This cooperation results in interfederative consortia, which are voluntary associations whether through municipalities, states and/or unions. As in other regions of the country, health consortia in Minas Gerais exist due to a need for municipalities to come together, as alone they would not be able to provide a certain type of service to society. Evaluation needs to be thought of not only as a judgment of the service being provided, but also as an opportunity for change. Objective: to evaluate the services provided by Intermunicipal Health Consortia in Minas Gerais from the perspective of municipal managers. Methodology: from a methodological point of view, this is a research with a qualitative approach, which was carried out with municipal health managers in the state of Minas Gerais in the 14 Health Macroregions. Data were collected through interviews with a semi-structured script, from February to September 2023. The project was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais and data collection only began after approval. The interviews took place between March and September 2023, using a semi-structured script. Considering that this is research for a Professional Master's Program and the short time for the research, a pre-defined number of 14 participants was chosen. The interviews were recorded, listened to in full, transcribed and submitted to Content Analysis, following the Thematic Analysis modality. Results and discussion: three categories of analysis were organized: the first addresses the participation of consortia in the Health Care Network, which was related to referral and counter-referral, Elective Health Transport, specialized care and purchase of medicines. In the second category, the scope of the proposed purposes was presented, addressing specialized care and the health consortium as an important tool for small municipalities. In the third and final category, the strengths and weaknesses were presented, with emphasis on the discussion of points such as the distance from the consortium, the value of the procedures, the variety of procedures and the quality of the service. The study revealed that participants recognize the importance of the consortium for the integration of the Health Care Network. However, even knowing the importance of consortia, services are not always provided in the best way for SUS patients. Final considerations: during this study, it became evident the need for managers to understand the Health Care Network and know the importance that consortia have in the network to help municipalities provide services to the population. It is worth noting that the health consortium represents a valuable strategy that can help municipalities strengthen their flow within the Health Care Network.

Estimación de la tasa de filtración glomerular: concordancia de la ecuación del European Kidney Function Consortium de 2020 con CKD-EPI y FAS en adultos jóvenes

Contexto: la TFG es un indicador de la función renal y se estima por ecuaciones TFGe, la mayoría son aplicables en un rango etario, aunque se producen discrepancias en los valores al cambiar de fórmula por cruzar un límite de edad. Así, la ecuación CKD-EPI sobreestima la TFG en adultos jóvenes, mientras que la ecuación FAS la sobreestima para creatininemias bajas. Para minimizar sus limitaciones, el European Kidney Function Consortium propuso la ecuación EKFC combinando características de diseño de FAS y CKD-EPI. Objetivo: evaluar el comportamiento de las ecuaciones EKFC vs. CKD-EPI y FAS en jóvenes, las diferencias en TFGe y la concordancia en asignación a categorías de TFG. Metodología: estudio analítico aprobado por el Comité Asesor de Ética y Seguridad de la Investigación de la Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas de la UNL, con una muestra de 157 estudiantes voluntarios, de entre 18 y 37 años. Para la medición de la creatininemia se utilizó el método Jaffé cinético trazable a Isotopic Dilution Mass Spectroscopy, con el programa estadístico MedCalc. Resultados: EKFC: TFGe menores que CKD-EPI y FAS, total y por sexo. Media de las diferencias (mL/min/1,73 m2): (CKD-EPI - EKFC) totales = 10,42; 18-20 años = 11,91; 21-30 años = 11,10; 31-37 años = 8,96 / (FAS-EKFC) totales = 2,79; FAS ≤ 110 mL/min/1,73 m2 y mayor: 1,1 y 9,0 respectivamente. Asignación a categorías G: kappa menores EKFC vs. CKD-EPI que vs. FAS. Recategorización: 13,4 % en G1 por CKD-EPI categorizados G2 por EKFC; 0,6 % respecto a FAS en igual sentido. Asignación a categorías ≥ 75mL/min/1,73 m2 o menor: buena concordancia. Conclusiones: en la muestra, EKFC cumple los objetivos de su diseño. La sobreestimación de TFGe por CKD-EPI en adultos jóvenes disminuyó, más fuertemente hacia los 18 años, y corrigió la de FAS para creatininemias bajas. Es importante desarrollar estimadores de TFG basados en creatininemia que cubran todo el rango de edades y estados de función renal.

Introduction: GFR is a kidney function indicator. The estimation of the GFR (eGFR) is carried out by equations. Most of them are applicable with in an age range. Discrepancies between the values are found when crossing a limit of age. CKD-EPI overestimates GFR in young adults; FAS overestimates it for low creatininemias. To minimize these limitations, the European Kidney Function Consortium proposed the EKFC equation that combines design features of FAS and CKD-EPI. Objective: The performance of EKFC vs. CKD-EPI and FAS in young people was evaluated: differences in eGFR and agreement in the allocation to GFR categories were found. Methods: Analytical study approved by the Ethics Committee. Sample: 157 volunteer students, 18-37 years old. Creatininemia: kinetic Jaffé method traceable to Isotopic Dilution Mass Spectroscopy. Program: MedCalc. Results: EKFC: eGFR lower than CKD-EPI and FAS, total and by sex. Means of the differences (mL/min/1.73m2): total (CKD-EPI - EKFC) = 10.42; 18-20 years = 11.91; 21-30 years = 11.10; 31-37 years = 8.96 // (FAS-EKFC) total = 2.79; FAS≤ 110 mL/min/1.73m2 and higher: 1.1 and 9.0 respectively. Allocation to G categories: lower kappa EKFC vs. CKD-EPI than vs. FAS. Recategorization: 13.4% in G1 by CKD-EPI categorized G2 by EKFC; 0.6% compared to FAS, in the same sense. Allocation to categories ≥75mL/min/1.73 m2 or less: good agreement. Conclusions: In the sample, EKFC meets the objectives of its design. The overestimation of eGFR by CKD-EPI in young adults decreased, even more around 18 years of age, and corrected that of FAS for low creatininemias. It is important to develop GFR estimators based on creatininemia that cover the entire range of ages and renal function status.

The effect of hospital-community-family transitional rehabilitation care model on rehabilitation among patients with brain trauma / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of hospital-community-family transitional rehabilitation care model on patients with brain trauma and explore an economic, effective, all-sided rehabilitation approach.Methods:A total of 82 in-patients with brain trauma were recruited from January 2018 to June 2019 in Shanghai Yang Zhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center). The participants were allocated into 2 groups based on randomized digital tables. Forty patients in the observation group received the hospital-community-family transitional rehabilitation care, and forty-two patients in the control group received routine rehabilitation care. All the participants completed assessments with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale (FMA), the Barthel Index for the Activities of Daily Living (BI) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) before the intervention, at discharge, 1 month, 4 months, 6 months and 10 months after discharge, respectively.Results:Before the intervention, no statistical significance was identified in the total scores of FMA, BI and HAMA between the two groups ( P>0.05). Compared to the control group, the total scores of FMA, BI and HAMA in the observation group were significantly improved at the discharge, 1 month, 4 months, 6 months and 10 months after discharge, respectively ( t values were -13.82 - 10.28, all P<0.05). Significant differences were observed in the level of FMA, BI and HAMA between the two groups across 6 time points ( Ftime×group=20.34, 18.34, 19.55, Ftime=183.24, 184.30, 179.09, Fgroup=28.86, 32.19, 26.63, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The hospital-community-family transitional rehabilitation care model which is based on medical consortium effectively improved traumatic brain-injured patients′motor function, the level of activities of daily living, and patients′anxiety. In addition, the model also improved the quality of medical services.

Biodecolorization of azo dye mixture (Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R and Reactive Red 120) by indigenous bacterial consortium isolated from dye contaminated soil

Aims@#The present study investigated the biodegradation and removal of dye mixture (Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R and Reactive Red 120) using a new bacterial consortium isolated from dye-contaminated soil.@*Methodology and results@#Among the total 15 isolates screened, the two most efficient bacterial species (SS07 and SS09) were selected and identified as Enterobacter cloacae (MT573884) and Achromobacter pulmonis (MT573885). The removal efficiency of dye mixture by E. cloacae and A. pulmonis at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L was 82.78 and 84.96%, discretely. The bacterial consortium was developed using selected isolates and the optimum conditions for removing dyes were investigated. The maximum decolorization efficiency was achieved at pH 7; 35 °C; dye concentration, 100 mg/L; and initial inoculum concentration, 0.5 mL with mannitol and ammonium sulfate as carbon and nitrogen sources. The maximum removal efficiency of 91.3 ± 3.35% was achieved at the optimal conditions after 72 h of incubation.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#Decolorization of azo dyestuff by the developed microbial consortia conforms to the zero-order reaction kinetics model. Consortia of E. cloacae and A. pulmonis was established as an effective decolorizer for the Remazol Brilliant violet 5R and Reactive Red 120 dye mixture with >90% color removal.

Practice and exploration of improving the rational use of drugs in primary medical institutions by the general pharmacist system of the medical consortium / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To explore and establis h a general pharmacist system suitable for China ’s national conditions ，and to improve the rational use of drugs in primary medical institutions . METHODS Under the leadership of Tianhe District Health Bureau of Guangzhou ，relying on the regional pharmaceutical specialty alliance ，general pharmacist system of medical consortium was established ，and the general pharmacist was responsible for the overall planning of pharmaceutical care in the medical consortium. The joint management office of pharmaceutical care was established ，and the training of the pharmacists in the medical consortium was organized. A regional audit center was established to realize the prescription review of 13 community health service centers in the medical consortium. “Internet plus ”home pharmaceutical care was carried out ，and science popularization education was provided for communities ，schools，enterprises and institutions. RESULTS After systematic training and assessment ，three pharmacist teams had been successfully established in the medical consortium to provide prescription review ，science popularization and education and family pharmacist services for community residents ；the regional audit center successfully intercepted 17.17％ of unreasonable prescriptions ，reducing the amount of unreasonable drug use by a total of 6.56 million yuan. After the intervention of prescription review system ，the qualified rate of outpatient prescriptions in community health service centers was ≥95％，and the qualified rate increased by an average of 6％. The department of pharmaceutical science popularization and education held 35 science popularization and free clinic activities ，of which 71.20％ of the residents believed that the activities had improved their understanding of drugs. In addition ，111 cases patients serviced by home pharmaceutical care were carried out successfully by pharmacist team ，and the patients ’acceptance of pharmacist intervention was 91.89％ . CONCLUSIONS Under the new medical reform ，it is feasible to implement a regional general pharmacist system within the medical consortium ， which improves the pharmaceutical administration and pharmaceuticalcare capabilities of m edical institutions in the medical consortium，as well as the level of rational drug use ，and reduces the me dical burden.

Inter-municipal cooperation based on Institutional Collective Action: the effects of public health consortia in Brazil / Cooperación intermunicipal basada en Institutional Collective Action: los efectos de los consorcios de salud pública en Brasil / Cooperação intermunicipal baseada no Institutional Collective Action: os efeitos dos consórcios públicos de saúde no Brasil

Abstract This article adopts institutional collective action (ICA) to verify the difference in collective effects when observing inter-municipal cooperation arrangements to provide public health in Brazil (public health consortia). The study compares municipalities that joined consortia in 2009/2010 and municipalities that did not join until 2015. The analysis estimated collective effects of public health consortia and how they relate to contextual variables of policies in this area in the country. The methodology is longitudinal-retrospective deductive research, using the difference-in-differences statistical technique. The results show that municipalities engaged in local inter-municipal cooperation to provide public health in Brazil improved the services in terms of outpatient appointments and the number of primary health care (PHC) consultations, as well as reducing infant deaths.

Resumen El objetivo del artículo es verificar la diferencia en los efectos colectivos entre los municipios que decidieron adherirse a un consorcio de salud pública en 2009/2010 y los municipios que no se adhirieron a los consorcios públicos hasta 2015. Se utilizó la Institutional Collective Action (ICA) para estimar los efectos colectivos y verificar su relación entre variables contextuales de la política de salud en Brasil, a través de consorcios públicos. Se trata de una investigación deductiva longitudinal-retrospectiva, que utiliza la técnica estadística denominada "diferencias en diferencias". Los resultados muestran que los municipios que participan en un consorcio de salud pública en Brasil mejoran la prestación de servicios en términos de número de consultas externas y número de consultas médicas, además de reducir el número de muertes infantiles.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é verificar a diferença de efeitos coletivos entre os municípios que decidiram aderir a algum consórcio público de saúde em 2009/2010 e os municípios que não aderiram a consórcios públicos até 2015. Utilizou-se o Institutional Collective Action (ICA), para estimar os efeitos coletivos e verificar a sua relação entre variáveis contextuais da política de saúde no Brasil, via consórcios públicos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa dedutiva de tipo longitudinal-retrospectiva, com o uso da técnica estatística denominada "diferenças em diferenças". Os resultados mostram que municípios que participam de consórcio público de saúde no Brasil melhoram a oferta de serviço em número de atendimentos ambulatoriais e número de consultas médicas, além de reduzir o número de óbitos infantis.

Medical prevention center for chronic diseases in the medical consortium of Wenling city / 中华医院管理杂志

" Medical prevention integration" is the practical need of the construction of healthy China and the focus of the construction of medical consortium in the future. Taking the practice of four chronic disease specific medical prevention centers of Wenling County medical consortium as an example, the authors analyzed their practices and experience in coordinating county advantageous resources, establishing organizational structure, and implementing chronic disease specific prevention and control based on informatization. The " medical prevention integration" system constructed by this mode optimized chronic disease service content, improved service capacity and service quality, and achieved in improving satisfaction. This mode could improve the effect and satisfaction of chronic disease management, improve the prevention and treatment efficiency of chronic diseases, and practice the whole cycle health management of chronic diseases.

Practice and exploration of compact county medical consortium based on medical group / 中华医院管理杂志

The construction of compact county medical consortium is an effective way to integrate county medical resources, improve county diagnosis and treatment capabilities, and establish and improve the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system. It is the guidance of national policy and the demand of social practice. Based on the reality of Jiangyin′s developed local economy, sufficient overall high-quality medical resources and high health demand of residents, Jiangyin People′s Hospital Medical Group explored the construction practice of compact county medical consortium according to local conditions. The group focused on implementing the functional positioning of medical institutions, improving the primary service ability, and straightening out the two-way referral process. Through the four major measures of establishing mechanism, strengthening the primary level, optimizing the process, and focusing on convergence, the group improved the organization structure and operation mechanism, continuously improved the management level and service connotation of the medical consortium. The goal of establishing an overall management mode, improving primary service capabilities, and forming an up-down cooperation mechanism had been initially realized.

Construction of evaluation indicator system of policy coordination of integrated county healthcare consortium in Zhejiang province / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To establish a set of evaluation indicator system of policy coordination of integrated county healthcare consortium based on the construction practice of integrated county healthcare consortium in Zhejiang province.Methods:Based on the guiding opinions and relevant supporting policy documents issued by Zhejiang province, the initial indicator pool was established through literature research and theoretical analysis, and the indicator system was modified and perfected in two rounds by Delphi method. The weight value of the indicators was calculated by the priority chart method.Results:The indicator system included 4 first-level indicators, 10 second-level indicators and 35 third-level indicators. Among the first-level indicators, the weight values of health insurance payment, personnel salary, price reform, fiscal and finance were 0.406, 0.281, 0.141 and 0.172, respectively.Conclusions:The indicator system established in this study has certain rationality and feasibility, which can provide reference for promoting the construction of integrated county healthcare consortium in China from the perspective of policy coordination, and provide reference for relevant scholars to carry out follow-up research.

AncPhore: A versatile tool for anchor pharmacophore steered drug discovery with applications in discovery of new inhibitors targeting metallo-

We herein describe AncPhore, a versatile tool for drug discovery, which is characterized by pharmacophore feature analysis and anchor pharmacophore (

Mais Médicos (More Doctors) program: narratives, changes and limits / Programa Mais Médicos: narrativas, cambios y límites / Programa Mais Médicos: narrativas, mudanças e limites

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the narrative of users about the assistance received by the professionals of the Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Program. Method: qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, comprehensive research carried out from August to December 2015. 16 interviews were carried out in four Basic Health Units that hired doctors who spoke the Spanish language. Systematic observation was performed with 30 hours of registration, and the respondents answered a socio-demographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The analysis followed the triangulation of data from participant observation, interviews and the theoretical framework, using thematic analysis in the light of dialectical hermeneutics. Three operational categories have been developed: Quality and welcoming in consultation, Doctor-patient communication and foreign Doctor Results: the interviewees stated that making an appointment for a medical appointment, unlike before, became possible and less time consuming with the arrival of new doctors. The interviewees were satisfied with the medical care received, highlighting the quality of care. Conclusion: the medical reception received at the consultation, and the prescribed medications, seem to have a greater weight for the perception of the quality of the consultation, and to be more important for users than the understanding of the foreign language and the doctor's language. The low structural and operational competence of Primary Care remains the limit for the Mais Médicos Program.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la narrativa de los usuarios sobre la asistencia recibida por los profesionales del Programa Mais Médicos. Método: investigación cualitativa, exploratoria, descriptiva, exhaustiva, realizada entre agosto y diciembre de 2015. Se realizaron 16 entrevistas en cuatro Unidades Básicas de Salud que contrataron médicos que hablaban español. La observación sistemática se realizó con 30 horas de registro, y los encuestados respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y una entrevista semiestructurada. El análisis siguió la triangulación de datos de la observación participante, entrevistas y el marco teórico, utilizando análisis temáticos a la luz de la hermenéutica dialéctica. Se han desarrollado tres categorías operativas: calidad y bienvenida en la consulta, comunicación médico-paciente y médico extranjero. Resultados: los entrevistados declararon que hacer una cita para una cita médica, a diferencia de antes, se hizo posible y llevó menos tiempo con la llegada de nuevos médicos. Los entrevistados quedaron satisfechos con la atención médica recibida, destacando la calidad de la atención. Conclusión: la recepción médica recibida en la consulta, y los medicamentos recetados, parecen tener un mayor peso para la percepción de la calidad de la consulta, y son más importantes para los usuarios que la comprensión del idioma extranjero y el idioma del médico. La baja competencia estructural y operativa de Atención Primaria sigue siendo el límite para el Programa Mais Médicos.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a narrativa de usuários sobre a assistência recebida pelos profissionais do Programa Mais Médicos. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva, de natureza compreensiva, realizada no período de agosto a dezembro de 2015. Foram realizadas 16 entrevistas em quatro Unidades Básicas de Saúde que contrataram médicos que se expressavam no idioma espanhol. Foi realizada observação sistemática com 30 horas de registro, e os depoentes responderam a um questionário sócio demográfico e a uma entrevista semiestruturada. A análise obedeceu à triangulação dos dados da observação participante, das entrevistas e do referencial teórico, utilizando-se a análise temática à luz da hermenêutica dialética. Foram elaboradas três categorias operacionais: Qualidade e acolhimento na consulta, Comunicação médico-paciente e Médico estrangeiro. Resultados: os entrevistados afirmaram que marcar uma consulta médica, diferente de antes, tornou-se possível e menos demorado com a chegada dos novos médicos. Os entrevistados mostraram-se satisfeitos com o atendimento médico recebido, realçando a qualidade na assistência. Conclusão: o acolhimento médico recebido na consulta, e as medicações prescritas, parecem ter um peso maior para a percepção da qualidade da consulta, e serem mais importantes para os usuários do que a compreensão do idioma estrangeiro e da linguagem do médico. A baixa competência estrutural e operacional da Atenção Básica permanece como limite para o Programa Mais Médicos.

Regionalização da saúde e cooperação federativa no Brasil: o papel dos consórcios intermunicipais / Health regionalization and federative cooperation in Brazil: the role of inter-municipal consortium

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é investigar como os consórcios públicos intermunicipais de saúde atuam no Brasil. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo análise documental sobre o conteúdo dos convênios celebrados entre os consórcios com a União, disponíveis no Portal da Transparência da União, no período de 1996 a 2016. Os resultados abordam duas categorias: descrição geral dos convênios celebrados no Brasil e o conteúdo dos convênios celebrados pelos consórcios públicos intermunicipais (CIS). Os convênios celebrados, concentrados principalmente nas regiões Sul e Sudeste, tiveram como objetivo realizar ações de âmbito regional, contribuindo, assim, para o processo de regionalização da saúde. Contudo, desafios relativos ao processo de cooperação e coordenação entre as instâncias gestoras de saúde ainda persistem, sobretudo vinculados à melhoria dos vínculos entre os consórcios com as coordenadorias regionais de saúde e um aprofundamento em relação ao controle social dessas organizações.

Abstract This paper aims to investigate public inter-municipal health consortium operation in Brazil. To this end, a qualitative documentary analysis was conducted on the content of the agreements between the consortia and the Federal Government, available at the Transparency Portal of the Federal Government, from 1996 to 2016. The results cover two categories: agreements concluded in Brazil and the content of the agreements signed by an inter-municipal public consortium (CIS). The agreements signed were concentrated mainly in the Southern and Southeastern regions and aimed to carry out regional actions, thus contributing to health regionalization. However, challenges related to the process of cooperation and coordination between the health management bodies persist, mainly related to the improvement of linkages between the consortium and the regional health coordination and in-depth social control of these organizations.

O Estado capitalista e a gestão da política urbana neoliberal: rastreando insumos na teoria marxista para análise das Operações Urbanas Consorciadas / The capitalist state and the management of neoliberal urban policy: finding tracks in Marxist theory for analysis of Consortium Urban Operations

Este artigo pretende discutir a complexa relação entre Estado e capital na produção do espaço urbano no Brasil, a partir do instrumento de indução do desenvolvimento urbano "Operação Urbana Consorciada" (OUC). Para isso, o caminho escolhido busca afastar-se de uma leitura simplória e dogmática,ofuscada por uma visão abstrata de um Estado burguês. São acionados conceitos e interpretações da teoria marxista que permitem a relativização da ideiade Estado, considerando o seu caráter classista seletivo na escolha de políticase sua variável do equilíbrio de forças. Conceitos como "autonomia relativa" e"governança empreendedorista" são retomados como aporte à compreensãoda atuação do Estado em meio às necessidades de acumular e de se legitimar na esteira das formas recentes da gestão pública urbana. A OUC, objeto de estudo deste artigo, é problematizada a partir de seus limites em constituir-se em um instrumento redistributivo agenciado pelo capital privado, coordenado pelo Estado e inserido, ao mesmo tempo, no contexto de uma política públicade matrizes progressistas. Por fim, são feitas considerações sobre uma possível influência dos diversos atores em torno do instrumento e suas manifestações passíveis de serem interpretadas pela teoria marxista

This article aims to discuss the complex relationship between state and capital in the manufacturing of urban space in Brazil inducted by the urban development instrument of the Urban Consortium Operation (UCO). For this, the chosen path strives to move away from a simplistic can dogmatic reading overshadowed by an abstract view of a capitalist state. Concepts and interpretations of the Marxist theory are applied to allow interpretation of the concept of state, in consideration of its selective class character in the choice of policies and its variable of balance of forces. Concept such as "relative autonomy" and "entrepreneurial governance" are rescued as a way of understanding the state's action in the midst of the need to accumulate and legitimize itself in the wake of recent forms of urban public management. Our object of study, the UCO, is challenged from its limits in becoming a redistributive instrument managed by private capital, coordinated by the state and inserted, at the same time, with in the context of progressive public policy. Finally, considerations are made about the possible influence of the various actors around this instrument and its manifestations subject to interpretation by the Marxist theory

Evaluación del consorcio entre Pleurotus ostreatus, Trametes versicolor y bacterias aeróbicas para remoción de colorantes sintéticos / Evaluation of the consortium between Pleurotus ostreatus, Trametes versicolor and aerobic bacteria for removal of synthetic dye

RESUMEN Los residuos líquidos producidos al elaborar tinciones biológicas contienen mezclas de compuestos químicos y microorganismos, que generan un elevado impacto ambiental si no son tratados adecuadamente. Por esta razón, en el presente trabajo se evaluaron a Pleurotus ostreatus, Trametes versicolor, Enterobacter xianfangensis, Pseudomonas azotoformans, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus subtilis y Pseudomonas fluorescens, para el tratamiento de un residuo líquido que contenía colorantes trifenilmetánicos y azóicos, a escala de laboratorio. Inicialmente, se seleccionaron las cepas con menor efecto antagónico y se determinó su potencial para producir las enzimas Lacasa, Manganeso Peroxidasa y Lignino Peroxidasa, al emplear sustratos inductores y mezclas de colorantes. Para el consorcio fúngico/bacteriano la disminución de las unidades de color y demanda química de oxígeno fueron del 99 % y 70 % a las 96 h. La remoción de estos parámetros se relacionó con la interacción positiva e incremento de las poblaciones de hongos, bacterias y la producción de enzimas ligninolíticas, obteniendo valores a las 96 h de 7.0 y 14.0 unidades logarítmicas para hongos y bacterias, con unas actividades enzimáticas de 75 U/L, 205 U/L y 0.63 U/L para Lacasa, MnP y LiP, respectivamente. Con el presente trabajo se demostró que con el uso consorcios fúngicos/bacterianos se incrementa la remoción de colorantes y se disminuye el tiempo de proceso. Sugiriendo que estos microorganismos podrían ser evaluados en plantas de tratamiento que integren diferentes unidades de tratamiento para optimizar la remoción de contaminantes con baja biodegradabilidad.

ABSTRACT The liquid wastes generated when biological stains are prepared, contain a mixture of chemical compounds and microorganisms, with high environmental impact. For this reason, Pleurotus ostreatus, Trametes versicolor, Enterobacter xianfangensis, Pseudomonas azotoformans, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, were used to evaluate the treatment of a liquid waste containing triphenylmethane and azo dyes, on a laboratory scale. Initially, the strains with less antagonistic effect among them were selected for their potential to produce enzymes as Laccase, Manganese Peroxidase and Lignin Peroxidase. The enzymatic activity was determined by using inducing substrates and dye mixtures. For fungal/bacterial consortium, the decrease in color, Chemical Oxygen Demand and in Biochemical Oxygen demand was of 99 %, 70 % and 65 % at 96 h, respectively. The removal of these parameters was related to the positive interaction between the populations of fungi, bacteria and the production of ligninolytic enzymes, obtaining values of 7.0 and 14.0 logarithmic units for fungi and total bacteria at 96 h with enzymatic activities of 75 U/ L, 205 U/L and 0.63 U/L for Laccase, MnP and LiP. The present work demonstrates that using of fungal/bacterial consortia, the removal of dyes is increased, and the process time is decreased. Suggesting that these microorganisms could be evaluated in treatment plants that integrate different treatment units to optimize the removal of contaminants with low biodegradability.

Kinetic characterization and modeling of a microalgae consortium isolated from landfill leachate under a high CO2 concentration in a bubble column photobioreactor

BACKGROUND: The determination of kinetic parameters and the development of mathematical models are of great interest to predict the growth of microalgae, the consumption of substrate and the design of photobioreactors focused on CO2 capture. However, most of the models in the literature have been developed for CO2 concentrations below 10%. RESULTS: A nonaxenic microalgal consortium was isolated from landfill leachate in order to study its kinetic behavior using a dynamic model. The model considered the CO2 mass transfer from the gas phase to the liquid phase and the effect of light intensity, assimilated nitrogen concentration, ammonium concentration and nitrate concentration. The proposed mathematical model was adjusted with 13 kinetic parameters and validated with a good fit obtained between experimental and simulated data. CONCLUSIONS: Good results were obtained, demonstrating the robustness of the proposed model. The assumption in the model of DIC inhibition in the ammonium and nitrate uptakes was correct, so this aspect should be considered when evaluating the kinetics with microalgae with high inlet CO2 concentrations.

Chemical Recovery of Degraded Soil and Consequence in the Cost of Corn Production

Abstract Improper management degrades the soil, decreases corn productivity and is reflected in the cost of production. The objective of this research was to evaluate the soil recovery in non-conservationist treatments after the change of management and cultivation to the conservation condition direct sowing, and compare these systems to consolidated direct seeding; This evaluation was based on the soil responsiveness to crop production and water erosion control, and based on the financial cost of soil recovery and corn production when soil management was converted from non-conservationist (tillage rotation - RT, minimum tillage - MT, conventional tillage - CT and bare soil - BS) to no-tillage (NT) condition, in a Humic Cambisol. The transition from managements to no-tillage occurred in 2015 year, after 27 years of conducting the preexisting managements. The chemical recovery was carried out with the application of limestone, phosphorus, and potassium. At the end of the research the yield of the corn crop, the cost of recovering the soil fertility and the cost of crop production were evaluated. Previous soil management influenced the cost of soil chemical recovery. The cost of production showed a financial loss for the previous treatments CT and BS, on the average of the three corn crops.

Application of ADaM in safety analysis of bioequivalence trail of generic drugs / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To promote the Clinical Data Inter-change Standards Consortium (CDISC) standard in clinical trials and promote the standardization of clinical trial data. METHODS: To combine the implementation guide of Analysis Data Model (ADaM) and common problems of actual data, and to introduce the application of analytical data model ADaM in the safety of bioequivalence trails of generic drugs. RESULTS: For different types of clinical trial data, according to various situations that may occur, a safety analysis data set that meets the standards was generated. CONCLUSION: Under the background of the continuous development of generic drugs in China and the low degree of standardization of clinical trial data, the use of CDISC standards in clinical research can promote the standardization of clinical trial data, and can also shorten the time of statistical analysis and accelerate the process of drug development.