Efecto anticariogénico del café / Coffee Cariogenic Effects

El café es una bebida que cuando se consume solo, sin azúcar y de forma natural es muy rica en beneficios y propiedades protectoras, preventivas, curativas y medicinales. Se estima que al menos el 30% de la población mundial consume una vez al día una taza de café y en Cuba es una de las más comúnmente consumidas. Además de la cafeína y otros múltiples componentes, el café es abundante en compuestos fenólicos y melanoidinas, de efectos beneficiosos para la salud bucal y general de la población; sin embargo, el consumo de café se asocia tradicionalmente a un hábito que no beneficia la salud, pero motivados por esa interrogante se hizo una revisión de la literatura más reciente digital e impresa, de 28 referencias indizadas en las bases de datos disponibles, con el objetivo de valorar los beneficios asociados a la salud bucal, con especial énfasis sobre la caries dental.

Coffee is a beverage that when is consumed alone, without sugar, is a natural beverage rich in benefits and protective, preventive, curative and medicinal properties. It is estimated that at least 30% of the world population consumes a cup of coffee once a day and, in Cuba it is considered one of the most commonly consumed. In addition to caffeine and other multicomponent, coffee is rich in phenolic compounds and melanoidins, beneficial effects for oral and overall health of the population; however, coffee consumption has traditionally been associated with a habit that does not benefit health, but motivated by that question was a review of the latest digital and printed literature 28 references indexed in the databases available at our fingertips to try to take part on the benefits associated with oral health with special emphasis on dental caries.

Tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol y de café en el espectro de los factores de riesgo para la muerte cardíaca súbita / Smoking and alcohol and coffee consumption as risk factors for sudden cardiac death

Objetivo: describir la forma en que el tabaquismo, el consumo de alcohol y de café adoptaron la categoría de riesgo en los fallecidos por muerte cardíaca súbita (MCS) atendidos en el Hospital Julio Trigo López en el período 2007-2011. Métodos: estudio observacional, analítico, de casos y controles no pareados, para lo cual se analizaron 600 casos de muertes naturales cardíacas y se estableció una comparación 1:2 (caso/control) de forma que en 200 fallecidos la causa de muerte fue: cardíaca súbita y en otros 400, cardíaca no súbita. Resultados: se encontró que el tabaquismo (OR= 4,08) y el consumo de alcohol (OR= 1,70) tuvieron una poderosa fuerza de asociación estadística con los fallecidos de muerte cardíaca súbita (casos); al igual que al evaluar la presencia de lesiones en el árbol vascular coronario se encontró una fuerza de asociación estadística positiva especialmente en el grupo de los casos con OR= 5,5 para la variable tabaquismo y OR= 4,8 para el consumo de alcohol. Un trombo coronario fresco y/o infarto agudo de miocardio fue responsable del 63,8 por ciento de las muertes cardiovasculares, particularmente significativo para el grupo de fallecidos de causas cardíacas (p= 0,000), el 75,5 por ciento de los casos. Conclusiones: para ambos grupos de análisis, el tabaquismo comportó una significación estadística poderosa, no obstante existió predominio en el grupo de MCS; el consumo de alcohol reportó evidencias de constituir un factor de riesgo potencial en los fallecidos de MCS y la existencia de lesiones ateroscleróticas significativas en ambos grupos refrenda la aseveración de su existencia como FR. El efecto potencialmente beneficioso del consumo de café se vio anulado por el adicionamiento del tabaquismo y la imposibilidad de controlar la variable...

Objective: describe the role of smoking and alcohol and coffee consumption as risk factors in the cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD) recorded at Julio Trigo López Hospital in the period 2007-2011. Methods: analytical observational unmatched case-control study. Results: it was found that smoking (OR= 4.08) and alcohol consumption (OR= 1.70) exhibited a strong statistical association with the cases of sudden cardiac death. On the other hand, evaluation of the presence of lesions on the coronary vascular tree revealed a strong positive statistical association mainly in the group of cases with OR= 5.5 for the variable smoking and OR= 4.8 for alcohol consumption. A fresh coronary thrombus and/or AMI were responsible for 63.8 percent of the cardiovascular deaths. This was particularly significant in the group of deaths due to cardiac causes (p= 0.000), reaching 75.5 percent of the cases. Conclusions: in both study groups, smoking showed strong statistical significance, but it was predominant in the SCD group. Alcohol consumption was found to be a potential RF in SCD cases. The presence of significant atherosclerotic lesions in both groups confirms its status as a RF. The potentially beneficial effect of coffee could not be determined, for it was accompanied by smoking. Hence the impossibility of controlling the variable...

Associação de consumo de café da manhã com fatores de risco cardiometabólico / Association of breakfast intake with cardiometabolic risk factors

OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação do consumo de café da manhã com fatores de risco cardiometabólico em uma amostra representativa, em termos nacionais, de pacientes de pediatria iranianos. MÉTODOS: os participantes do estudo, composto de 5.625 alunos em idade escolar de 10-18 anos, participaram da terceira pesquisa do sistema nacional de vigilância nas escolas (CASPIAN-III). Eles foram classificados em três grupos, com base na quantidade de dias em que consumiam café da manhã: "indivíduos que consomem café da manhã regularmente" (6-7 dias/semana), "indivíduos que consomem café da manhã normalmente" (3-5 dias/semana) e "indivíduos que consomem café da manhã raramente" (0-2 dias/semana). A síndrome metabólica (SM) foi definida com base nos critérios do III Painel de Tratamento de Adultos (ATP III), adaptados para a faixa etária pediátrica. Ademais, o colesterol total elevado, a lipoproteína de baixa densidade-colesterol elevada (LDL-C) e a obesidade generalizada foram incluídos como outros fatores de risco cardiometabólico. As análises de regressão logística múltipla foram utilizadas para avaliar a associação entre a categoria consumo de café da manhã e fatores de risco cardiometabólico. RESULTADOS: a quantidade de pessoas classificadas como indivíduos que consomem café da manhã "regularmente", "normalmente" e "raramente" foram 2.653 (47,3%), 1.327 (23,7%) e 1.624 (29%), respectivamente. As médias de triglicerídeos (TG), LDL-C, pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e índice de massa corporal (IMC) foram mais elevadas no grupo de "indivíduos que consomem café da manhã raramente" (P para tendência < 0,001), ao passo que a lipoproteína de alta densidade-colesterol (HDL-C) foi menor nesse grupo que nos outros. Os indivíduos que consomem café da manhã raramente apresentaram um aumento no risco de obesidade, TG e LDL-C elevados, bem como baixo HDL-C em comparação a "indivíduos que consomem café da manhã regularmente". O risco de SM foi significativamente maior nos indivíduos que consomem café da manhã raramente (RC 1,96, 95% IC 1,18-3,27). CONCLUSÕES: pular o café da manhã está relacionado a aumento no risco de SM e outros fatores cardiometabólicos em crianças e adolescentes. Promover o benefício do consumo do café da manhã pode ser uma implicação simples e importante para evitar esses fatores de risco.

OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to evaluate the association of breakfast intake with cardiometabolic risk factors in a nationally-representative sample of Iranian pediatrics. METHODS: the study participants considered of 5,625 school students aged 10-18 years, studied in the third survey of the national school-based surveillance system (CASPIAN-III). They were classified into three groups based on the number of days they ate breakfast: "regular breakfast eater" (6-7days/week), "often breakfast eater" (3-5days/week), and "seldom breakfast eater" (0-2 days/week). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined based on the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria modified for the pediatric age group. Moreover, high total cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and generalized obesity were included as other cardiometabolic risk factors. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between the breakfast intake category and cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS: the number of subjects classified as "regular", "often" and "seldom" breakfast eaters were 2,653(47.3%), 1,327(23.7%) and 1,624(29.0%), respectively. The average of triglycerides (TG), LDL-C, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and body mass index (BMI) were higher in the "seldom breakfast eater" group (P for trend<0.001), whereas the mean of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower in this group than their other counterparts. Seldom breakfast eaters had an increased risk of obesity, elevated TG and LDL-C, as well as low HDL-C compared to"regular breakfast eaters". The risk of MetS was significantly increased in subjects who seldom ate breakfast (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.18-3.27). CONCLUSIONS: skipping breakfast is associated with increased risk of MetS and other cardiometabooic factors in children and adolescents. Promoting the benefit of eating breakfast could be a simple and important implication to prevent these risk factors.

El café y sus efectos en la salud cardiovascular y en la salud materna / Coffee, caffeine and its effects on cardiovascular health and maternal health

Caffeine is the principal active component of coffee and the effects of coffee consumption are mainly associated to this component. Caffeine is a methylxanthine, which acts as antagonist of adenine receptors at the nervous system. A great number of health effects, both beneficial and detrimental, have been associated to caffeine consumption: such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, hepatic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, are included as the main targets. The present work reviews two of the main concerns about coffee and caffeine consumption: cardiovascular disease and maternal health (perinatal period). The general conclusion is that caffeine consumption up to 300 mg/day does not constitute a risk of myocardial infarction, hypertension, or modification of cardiovascular risk markers such as reactive C protein or homocysteine plasmatic levels. Similar conclusions are reached about the maternal health. Moderate caffeine consumption (300 mg/day or less) does not constitute a major risk of less conception, increased gestational diabetes, decrease fetal growth, or congenital defects. However, absence frisk may not be interpreted as a signal to stimulate coffee consumption during pregnancy. Future mothers, which are moderated coffee consumers, may be suggested to continue this consumption during pregnancy, but under medical supervision.

La cafeína es el principal componente activo del café y los efectos del consumo de café se asocian mayoritariamente a la cafeína, una metilxantina que actúa como antagonista de los receptores de adenina en el sistema nervioso. Son numerosos los efectos en la salud atribuidos a la cafeína, siendo algunos benéficos y otros deletéreos: en la salud cardiovascular, diabetes tipo 2, tolerancia a la glucosa y sensibilidad a la insulina, en la cinosis hepática y el carcinoma hepatocelular, entre otros efectos. Este artículo realiza una revisión de dos aspectos de preocupación en la salud pública relacionados con el consumo de café y la cafeína: su efecto en la salud cardiovascular y en la salud maternal (período perinatal). La conclusión general es que el consumo de cafeína, hasta 300 mg/día, no constituye un mayor riesgo de infarto al miocardio, de hipertensión, o de modificación de los niveles plasmáticos de indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular, como la proteína C reactiva y la homocisteína. En relación a la salud maternal, las conclusiones son similares, un consumo moderado de cafeína (300 mg/día o menos) no constituye un riesgo de menor concepción, de diabetes gestacional, de menor crecimiento fetal, o de defectos congénitos. La ausencia de riesgo, sin embargo, no constituye un estímulo al consumo de café durante el embarazo. Si el consumo de café por parte de la futura madre es moderado, puede considerarse la continuación del consumo durante el embarazo bajo supervisión médica.

Café, cafeína vs. salud revisión de los efectos del consumo de café en la salud

El consumo de café puede tener efectos positivos y riesgos para la salud de las personas que lo ingieren, según la evidencia encontrada en estudios epidemiológicos y experimentales que demuestran la relación del café con la memoria, las funciones intelectuales, las enfermedades neurodegerativas, diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedad hepática, y la función ergogénica, como los posibles efectos benéficos. Los efectos adversos incluyen: aumento en la severidad de patologías gastrointestinales, alteraciones en la concepción, aumento en la presión arterial y el colesterol que constituye riesgo para la salud cardiovascular e interacción con algunos nutrientes impidiendo su correcta absorción. Todos estos efectos, están sujetos a las características fisiopatológicas y a la susceptibilidad individual. Este artículo tiene como propósito presentar argumentos basados en la evidencia científica que servirán para sensibilizar a las personas en la toma de una decisión consciente frente al consumo.

Coffee consumption can have positive and risky health effects to the people who drink it according to the evidence found in experimental and epidemiological studies which demonstrate the relation of coffee with memory, intellectual functions, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes type 2 and hepatic diseases, and the ergogenic function, like the possible beneficial effects. The adverse effects include the increase in the severity of gastrointestinal pathologies, fertility alterations, increase in the arterial pressure and cholesterol, which constitutes a risk in the cardiovascular health and interaction with some nutrients preventing its correct absorption. All these effects are subject to physiopathological characteristics and the individual susceptibility. The purpose of this article is to present arguments based on the scientific evidence which will serve to sensitize people to take a conscious decision about the consumption of this drink.