Photosynthetic acclamatory response of Panicum antidotale Retz. populations to root zone desiccation stress / Reação fotossintética aclamatória de Panicum antidotale Retz. populações submetidas ao estresse da dessecação da zona radicular

Abstract Growth of plants is severely reduced due to water stress by affecting photosynthesis including photosystem II (PSII) activity and electron transport. This study emphasised on comparative and priority targeted changes in PSII activity due to progressive drought in seven populations of Panicum antidotale (P. antidotale) collected from Cholistan Desert and non-Cholistan regions. Tillers of equal growth of seven populations of P. antidotale grown in plastic pots filled with soil were subjected progressive drought by withholding water irrigation for three weeks. Progressive drought reduced the soil moisture content, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments and fresh and dry biomass of shoots in all seven populations. Populations from Dingarh Fort, Dingarh Grassland and Haiderwali had higher growth than those of other populations. Cholistani populations especially in Dingarh Grassland and Haiderwali had greater ability of osmotic adjustment as reflected by osmotic potential and greater accumulation of total soluble proteins. Maximum H2O2 under water stress was observed in populations from Muzaffargarh and Khanewal but these were intermediate in MDA content. Under water stress, populations from Muzaffargarh and Dingarh Fort had greater K+ accumulation in their leaves. During progressive drought, non-Cholistani populations showed complete leaf rolling after 23 days of drought, and these populations could not withstand with more water stress condition while Cholistani populations tolerated more water stress condition for 31 days. Moreover, progressive drought caused PSII damages after 19 days and it became severe after 23 days in non-Cholistani populations of P. antidotale than in Cholistani populations.

Resumo O crescimento das plantas é severamente reduzido devido ao estresse hídrico, afetando a fotossíntese, incluindo a atividade do fotossistema II (PSII) e o transporte de elétrons. Este estudo enfatizou as mudanças comparativas e prioritárias na atividade do PSII devido à seca progressiva em sete populações de Panicum antidotale (P. antidotale) coletadas no Deserto do Cholistão e regiões fora do Cholistão. Perfilhos de igual crescimento de sete populações de P. antidotale cultivadas em vasos de plástico cheios de solo foram submetidos à seca progressiva, retendo a irrigação com água por três semanas. A seca progressiva reduziu o teor de umidade do solo, teor de água relativo nas folhas, pigmentos fotossintéticos e biomassa fresca e seca dos brotos em todas as sete populações. Populações de Dingarh Fort, Dingarh Grassland e Haiderwali tiveram maior crescimento do que as de outras populações. As populações de Cholistani, especialmente em Dingarh Grassland e Haiderwali, apresentaram maior capacidade de ajuste osmótico, refletido pelo potencial osmótico e maior acúmulo de proteínas solúveis totais. H2O2 máximo sob estresse hídrico foi observado em populações de Muzaffargarh e Khanewal, mas estas foram intermediárias no conteúdo de MDA. Sob estresse hídrico, as populações de Muzaffargarh e Dingarh Fort tiveram maior acúmulo de K+ em suas folhas. Durante a seca progressiva, as populações não cholistanesas mostraram rolagem completa das folhas após 23 dias de seca, e essas populações não conseguiram suportar mais condições de estresse hídrico, enquanto as populações cholistani toleraram mais condições de estresse hídrico por 31 dias. Além disso, a seca progressiva causou danos ao PSII após 19 dias e tornou-se severa após 23 dias em populações não cholistanesas de P. antidotale do que em populações cholistanesas.

Relato de experiência na criação de um manual eletrônico para o ensino da avaliação cognitiva pré-escolar em terapia ocupacional / Experience report on the creation of an electronic manual for teaching preschool cognitive assessment in occupational therapy / Relato de experiencia en la creación de un manual electrónico para la enseñanza de la evaluación cognitiva preescolar en terapia ocupacional

Objetivo: Descrever o processo de criação e as etapas de elaboração de um produto educacional do tipo manual eletrônico visando contribuir com a construção de conhecimento de graduandos de terapia ocupacional e áreas afins sobre avaliação cognitiva de pré-escolares. Relato da Experiência: Trata-se de estudo do tipo relato de experiência, onde são descritas as experiências vivenciadas no período de outubro de 2021 a março de 2023 para a construção do produto educacional elaborado a partir da dissertação de Mestrado do Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Ensino em Saúde na Amazônia. Discussão: A proposta deste relato de experiência atende a uma necessidade de expor dos desafios da construção do manual para favorecer a aquisição de conhecimento dos graduandos de terapia ocupacional sobre avaliação cognitiva pré-escolar. Foram utilizadas estratégias de criação de conteúdo através de templates que culminou com uma maior uniformidade na construção dos capítulos. Conclusão: A experiência criou um manual com grande potencial para uso na aquisição de conhecimento dos graduandos, visto que, as estratégias de ensino em saúde visam a prática pedagógica direcionada e informações claras.

Objective: To describe the process of creation and the stages of elaboration of an educational product aiming to contribute to the construction of knowledge of graduates of occupational therapy and related areas on cognitive assessment of preschoolers. Experience Report: This is a descriptive study of the experience report type, where the experiences lived from October 2021 to December 2022 were described for the construction of the educational product elaborated from the Master's dissertation of the Professional Master's Program in Health Education in the Amazon. The purpose of this experience report responds to a need to expose the challenges of building the manual to favor the acquisition of knowledge by occupational therapy graduates about preschool cognitive assessment. A creation strategy was used using the inductive method through templates, which culminated in greater uniformity in the formation of chapters. Final Considerations: The experiences played an essential role in the acquisition of skills in creating content for an educational product, since health teaching strategies aim at targeted pedagogical practice and clear information.

Objetivo: Describir el proceso de creación y las etapas de elaboración de un producto educativo tipo manual electrónico con el fin de contribuir a la construcción del conocimiento de estudiantes de terapia ocupacional y áreas relacionadas sobre la evaluación cognitiva de preescolares. Relato de la Experiencia: Se trata de un estudio tipo relato de experiencia, donde se describen las vivencias durante el período de octubre de 2021 a marzo de 2023 para la creación del producto educativo, el cual se elaboró a partir de la disertación de maestría del Programa de Maestría Profesional en Enseñanza en Salud en la Amazonía. Discusión: La propuesta de este relato de experiencia responde a la necesidad de exponer los desafíos en la creación del manual para facilitar la adquisición de conocimiento de los estudiantes de terapia ocupacional sobre la evaluación cognitiva preescolar. Se utilizaron estrategias de creación de contenido mediante plantillas, lo que resultó en una mayor uniformidad en la elaboración de los capítulos. Conclusión: La experiencia ha generado un manual con un gran potencial para ser utilizado en la adquisición de conocimientos por parte de los estudiantes, ya que las estrategias de enseñanza en salud promueven la práctica pedagógica dirigida y la claridad en la información.

Simultaneous determination of three constituents in Chunyang Zhengqi capsules by HPLC / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish method for simultaneous determination of hesperidin, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol in Chunyang Zhengqi capsules by high performance liquid chromatography. Methods The column was Agilent PorosheⅡ 120 EC-C18 (4.6 mm×150 mm, 4 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water with gradient elution. The column temperature was 35℃. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, and the detection wavelength was 284 nm. Results The methodological verification showed that hesperidin, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol had a good linearity (r≥0.999 9). The precisions were less than 2.0%. The average recovery was between 98.0% and 101.9%. The stability and repeatability of RSD were also less than 3.0%, which met the requirements of method validation. Conclusion The method is simple, stable, reproducible and accurate, which could be used to the quality control of Chunyang Zhengqi capsules.

Comparison of Quality Change During Processing Process of Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix from Different Origins Based on Color-component Correlation Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTaking Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix（ABR） from different origins as samples， to quantitatively analyze the chemical composition and chromaticity of ABR with different processing degrees， and clarify the correlation and change law between color and composition in the processing process of ABR， so as to provide reference for the quality evaluation of processed products of ABR. MethodThe colorimeter is used to measure the chromaticity values of three kinds of processing degrees of ABR in different origins to show the color value change trend during the processing process， and the color parameters of wine-processed and salt-processed products of ABR with different processing degrees were analyzed by principal component analysis（PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） and other analysis methods. The contents of eight representative components of ABR were measured by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， the correlation between chromaticity and each representative component was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis， and the applicability of the selected eight representative components was further verified by Fisher linear discriminant analysis， and the wine-processed and salt-processed products of ABR with different processing degrees were grouped according to the degree of processing， and 48 samples of wine-processed and salt-processed products with different processing degrees were used as training samples. Taking the contents of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， polypodine B， β-ecdysterone， 25R-inokosterone， 25S-inokosterone， ginsenoside Ro， chikusetsusaponin Ⅳa and polysaccharides as variables， the discriminant function was established respectively， and 12 samples of wine-processed and salt-processed products of ABR with different processing degrees were back-tested to verify the discriminant function and test the reliability of the function. ResultPCA and OPLS-DA results showed that ABR samples with different processing degrees were classified into clusters， and the results could significantly distinguish different processed products. During the process of wine and salt processing， the contents of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， ginsenoside Ro， and chikusetsusaponin Ⅳa gradually increased with the deepening of the processing degree， while the contents of polypodine B， β-ecdysterone， 25R-inokosterone， 25S-inokosterone and polysaccharides showed a gradual decreasing trend， indicating these 8 components increased and decreased to different degrees in the process of wine and salt processing. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content of the samples with different processing degrees of wine-processed and salt-processed products were negatively correlated with the brightness value（L*） and the total color difference value（E*ab）（P<0.01）， and positively correlated with the red-green value（a*） and the yellow-blue value（b*）（P<0.01）， and that the content of polypodine B and polysaccharides were positively correlated with L* and E*ab（P<0.01）. The discriminant functions of wine-processed and salt-processed products of ABR were established by Fisher linear discriminant analysis， and their accuracy rates in the training samples were 93.75% and 95.83%， respectively. Twelve test samples of wine-processed and salt-processed products with different processing degree were back substitution， and the correct rate was 100%. ConclusionThe trend of composition and color changes of ABR with different processing degrees in different production areas is relatively consistent， and the color value can better distinguish ABR with different processing degrees， and the color of ABR is related to some representative components in the processing process， indicating that the color can provide reference for the identification of the processing degree of ABR and the prediction of component content.

Comprehensive quality evaluation of Guge fengtong tablets / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for the content determination of 11 components such as protodioscin in Guge fengtong tablets， and to evaluate the comprehensive quality of Guge fengtong tablets by combining with chemometric analysis and entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （EW-TOPSIS） method. METHODS HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.2% phosphoric acid solution at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min by gradient elution. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃ . The detection wavelengths were set at 203 nm （0-28 min， protodioscin， methyl protodioscin， pseudoprotodioscin， dioscin） and 280 nm （28-60 min， catechin， epicatechin， liquiritigenin， medicarpin， 6-gingerol， 8-gingerol， 10-gingerol）； the sample size was 10 μL. Using epicatechin as the internal reference， quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker （QAMS） method was used to determine the contents of protodioscin， methyl protodioscin， pseudoprotodioscin， dioscin， catechin， liquiritigenin， medicarpin， 6-gingerol， 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol， which were compared with the results of the external standard method. SPSS 26.0 software and SIMCA 14.1 software were used for principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis， with variable importance in projection （VIP） value greater than 1 as the standard， to screen for differential markers that affect the quality； the EW-TOPSIS method was adopted to evaluate the quality of 15 batches of samples comprehensively.RESULTS The contents of protodioscin， methyl protodioscin， pseudoprotodioscin， dioscin， catechin， liquiritigenin， medi-carpin， 6-gingerol， 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol determined by HPLC combined with QAMS were 6.330-10.863， 1.150-2.274， 0.431- 0.740， 2.818-4.823， 0.826-1.510， 0.043-0.094， 0.079-0.231， 0.479-1.020， 0.146-0.288， 0.118-0.318 mg/g， respectively； there were no statistical significances， compared with the external standard method （P＞0.05）. A total of 15 batches of samples were clustered into 3 groups， with S1-S6， S7-S10， and S11-S15 clustered into one group， respectively. The VIP values of protodioscin， epicatechin， dioscin and 6-gingerol were greater than 1. Euclidean closeness values of the optimal solution （C）i for 15 batches of samples were 0.163 5 to 0.703 7， and Ci values of S11-S15 were all higher than 0.6. CONCLUSIONS The established QAMS method is accurate and simple， and can be used for comprehensive quality evaluation of Guge fengtong tablets， by combining with chemometric analysis and EW-TOPSIS method. Protodioscin， epicatechin， dioscin and 6-gingerol are the differential markers that affect the quality of Guge fengtong tablets. Samples S11-S15 have better quality.

Establishment of HPLC fingerprint and content determination of multiple index components in Xiao’er resuqing oral liquid / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish an HPLC fingerprint of Xiao’er resuqing oral liquid， and to determine the contents of twelve index components. METHODS HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Venusil MP C18 column with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphate aqueous solution （gradient elution） at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 210 nm， the column temperature was 30 ℃， the injection volume was 10 μL. HPLC fingerprint of Xiao’er resuqing oral liquid was established by using the Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM （2012 edition） to evaluate the similarity. The contents of 12 components were determined， including （R， S）-goitrin， 3，5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid， puerarin， forsythin， forsythoside A， chlorogenic acid， baicalin， saikosaponins d， wogonoside， baicalein， emodin and chrysophanol. RESULTS The similarity of HPLC fingerprints of 13 batches of Xiao’er resuqing oral liquid was greater than 0.97， and 14 common peaks were confirmed. The contents of the above 12 index components in 13 batches of Xiao’er resuqing oral liquid were as follows： 0.078-0.172， 1.564-2.736， 1.338-2.578， 0.426-0.872， 1.477-2.628， 1.396-2.447， 4.052-9.146， 0.367- 0.692， 1.974-4.674， 1.274-2.969， 0.085-0.167 and 0.155-0.307 mg/mL. CONCLUSIONS The established HPLC fingerprint and content determination methods have high accuracy and high specificity， which can be used for the quality evaluation of Xiao’er resuqing oral liquid.

Improvement on Quality Standard of Yuanhu Zhitong Oral Liquid / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo improve the quality standard of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid in order to strengthen the quality control of this oral liquid. MethodThin layer chromatography（TLC） was used for the qualitative identification of Corydalis Rhizoma and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix in Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid by taking tetrahydropalmatine， corydaline reference substances and Corydalis Rhizoma reference medicinal materials as reference， and cyclohexane-trichloromethane-methanol（5∶3∶0.5） as developing solvent， Corydalis Rhizoma was identified using GF254 glass thin layer plate under ultraviolet light（365 nm）. And taking petroleum ether（60-90 ℃） -ether-formic acid（10∶10∶1） as developing solvent， Angelicae Dahuricae Radix was identified using a silica gel G TLC plate under ultraviolet light（305 nm）. High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was performed on a Waters XSelect HSS T3 column（4.6 mm×250 mm， 5 μm） with acetonitrile（A）-0.1% glacial acetic acid solution（adjusted pH to 6.1 by triethylamine）（B） as the mobile phase for gradient elution（0-10 min， 20%-30%A； 10-25 min， 30%-40%A； 25-40 min， 40%-50%A； 40-60 min， 50%-60%A）， the detection wavelength was set at 280 nm， then the fingerprint of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid was established， and the contents of tetrahydropalmatine and corydaline were determined. ResultIn the thin layer chromatograms， the corresponding spots of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid， the reference substances and reference medicinal materials were clear， with good separation and strong specificity. A total of 12 common peaks were identified in 10 batches of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid samples， and the peaks of berberine hydrochloride， dehydrocorydaline， glaucine， tetrahydropalmatine and corydaline. The similarities between the 10 batches of samples and the control fingerprint were all >0.90. The results of determination showed that the concentrations of corydaline and tetrahydropalmatine had good linearity with paek area in the range of 0.038 6-0.193 0， 0.034 0-0.170 0 g·L-1， respectively. The methodological investigation was qualified， and the contents of corydaline and tetrahydropalmatine in 10 batches of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid samples were 0.077 5-0.142 9、0.126 1-0.178 2 g·L-1， respectively. ConclusionThe established TLC， fingerprint and determination are simple， specific and reproducible， which can be used to improve the quality control standard of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid.

Photosynthetic acclamatory response of Panicum antidotale Retz. populations to root zone desiccation stress

Abstract Growth of plants is severely reduced due to water stress by affecting photosynthesis including photosystem II (PSII) activity and electron transport. This study emphasised on comparative and priority targeted changes in PSII activity due to progressive drought in seven populations of Panicum antidotale (P. antidotale) collected from Cholistan Desert and non-Cholistan regions. Tillers of equal growth of seven populations of P. antidotale grown in plastic pots filled with soil were subjected progressive drought by withholding water irrigation for three weeks. Progressive drought reduced the soil moisture content, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments and fresh and dry biomass of shoots in all seven populations. Populations from Dingarh Fort, Dingarh Grassland and Haiderwali had higher growth than those of other populations. Cholistani populations especially in Dingarh Grassland and Haiderwali had greater ability of osmotic adjustment as reflected by osmotic potential and greater accumulation of total soluble proteins. Maximum H2O2 under water stress was observed in populations from Muzaffargarh and Khanewal but these were intermediate in MDA content. Under water stress, populations from Muzaffargarh and Dingarh Fort had greater K+ accumulation in their leaves. During progressive drought, non-Cholistani populations showed complete leaf rolling after 23 days of drought, and these populations could not withstand with more water stress condition while Cholistani populations tolerated more water stress condition for 31 days. Moreover, progressive drought caused PSII damages after 19 days and it became severe after 23 days in non-Cholistani populations of P. antidotale than in Cholistani populations.

Resumo O crescimento das plantas é severamente reduzido devido ao estresse hídrico, afetando a fotossíntese, incluindo a atividade do fotossistema II (PSII) e o transporte de elétrons. Este estudo enfatizou as mudanças comparativas e prioritárias na atividade do PSII devido à seca progressiva em sete populações de Panicum antidotale (P. antidotale) coletadas no Deserto do Cholistão e regiões fora do Cholistão. Perfilhos de igual crescimento de sete populações de P. antidotale cultivadas em vasos de plástico cheios de solo foram submetidos à seca progressiva, retendo a irrigação com água por três semanas. A seca progressiva reduziu o teor de umidade do solo, teor de água relativo nas folhas, pigmentos fotossintéticos e biomassa fresca e seca dos brotos em todas as sete populações. Populações de Dingarh Fort, Dingarh Grassland e Haiderwali tiveram maior crescimento do que as de outras populações. As populações de Cholistani, especialmente em Dingarh Grassland e Haiderwali, apresentaram maior capacidade de ajuste osmótico, refletido pelo potencial osmótico e maior acúmulo de proteínas solúveis totais. H2O2 máximo sob estresse hídrico foi observado em populações de Muzaffargarh e Khanewal, mas estas foram intermediárias no conteúdo de MDA. Sob estresse hídrico, as populações de Muzaffargarh e Dingarh Fort tiveram maior acúmulo de K+ em suas folhas. Durante a seca progressiva, as populações não cholistanesas mostraram rolagem completa das folhas após 23 dias de seca, e essas populações não conseguiram suportar mais condições de estresse hídrico, enquanto as populações cholistani toleraram mais condições de estresse hídrico por 31 dias. Além disso, a seca progressiva causou danos ao PSII após 19 dias e tornou-se severa após 23 dias em populações não cholistanesas de P. antidotale do que em populações cholistanesas.

Validez de las reglas de un análisis estadístico implicativo según juicio de expertos

Introducción: una nueva metodología para el empleo del análisis estadístico implicativo contextualizado a las investigaciones médicas de causalidad brinda reglas y meta-reglas que deben corresponderse con la práctica médica, lo cual se desconoce. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de las reglas derivadas de la aplicación del análisis estadístico implicativo en las investigaciones médicas de causalidad. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional con la aplicación de técnicas cualitativas de tipo criterio de expertos. Los 33 expertos de mayor puntuación emitieron su juicio, mediante una escala Likert de cinco puntos, acerca de la frecuencia con que se cumplen en la práctica médica 23 reglas derivadas de la aplicación del análisis estadístico implicativo en tres estudios para la identificación de factores pronósticos en cáncer de mama. Las opiniones se procesaron mediante el método Delphi en dos rondas y se trianguló con la validez racional de estas reglas. Resultados: los expertos consideraron que cerca del 74 % de las reglas se cumplen en la práctica médica siempre o frecuentemente y sólo una regla resultó absurda. En la segunda ronda se trataron las tres reglas en las que no existió un acuerdo perfecto, en la cual se ratificó una regla como absurda y aumentó el nivel de acuerdo. La triangulación permitió encontrar contradicciones literatura-experto que facilitaron la identificación de problemas en la redacción de la interpretación de las reglas. Conclusiones: las reglas evaluadas reflejan, en general, lo que ocurre en la práctica médica y aquellas que resultan absurdas alertan al investigador sobre un posible sesgo de confusión.

Introduction: A new methodology for the use of contextualized statistical implicative analysis in causality medical research provides rules and meta-rules that must correspond to medical practice, which is unknown. Objective: To evaluate the quality of the rules derived from the application of the statistical implicative analysis in causality medical research. Methods: An observational study was carried out applying qualitative techniques based on expert judgement. Using a five-point Likert scale, the 33 experts with the highest score expressed their judgment about the frequency of the fulfilment of the 23 rules derived from the application of the statistical implicative analysis in three studies in order to identify prognostic factors for breast cancer. Opinions were processed using the two-round Delphi method, and the rational validity of these rules was triangulated. Results: The experts considered that about 74% of the rules are always or frequently followed in medical practice; only one rule was absurd. In the second round, the three rules in which there was no perfect agreement were discussed; one rule was ratified as absurd and there was an increase in the level of agreement. The triangulation allowed us to find contradictions between literature and experts, which facilitated the identification of problems in the drafting of the interpretation of the rules. Conclusions: The rules evaluated generally reflect what happens in medical practice and those that are absurd warn the researcher about the possibility of a confusion bias.

Como indexar una revista científica usando WordPress en Google Scholar

Los avances científicos han facilitado la difusión del conocimiento, encontrándose los más recientes hallazgos rápidamente en Internet, esto ha producido la migración de las revistas desde lo impreso a lo digital, pero este proceso no siempre se realiza adecuadamente, por lo que actualmente existen revistas, y en consecuencia sus publicaciones, que no se logran encontrar en los buscadores académicos, lo que se debe al uso de los softwares inadecuados o en su defecto a una mala configuración de los que se han implementado. En esta línea la recomendación es usar Open Journal System, un software diseñado para la publicación científica, pero varias revistas usan gestores de contenido como WordPress, por su facilidad de implementación y personalización aun cuando estos presenten limitaciones en el aspecto editorial. A continuación, se expone un método para la correcta indexación de revistas confeccionadas en WordPress en el buscador Google Scholar.

Scientific advances have facilitated the dissemination of knowledge, and the latest discoveries can be easily found on the Internet. This has produced the migration of journals from print to digital; however, this process is not always done properly since there are journals, and consequently their publications, which are not currently found in academic search engines due to the inappropriate use of software or otherwise to a misconfiguration of those that have been implemented. In this line, the recommendation is to use Open Journal System, a software designed for scientific publication; on the other hand, several journals use content manager systems such as WordPress because of its easy implementation and customization even when they present editorial constrains. The following is a method for the correct indexing of journals created in WordPress in the Google Scholar search engine.

Untangle the relationship of muscle mass and bone mineral content on handgrip strength: Results of ELSA-Brasil / Desvendando a relação entre massa muscular e conteúdo mineral ósseo na força de preensão palmar: Resultados do ELSA-Brasil

Abstract The study aims to investigate the independent association of muscle mass (MM) and bone mineral content (BMC) in the performance of the handgrip strength (HGS) test and whether there is effect modification by sex and age. In 12,491 participants from the ELSA-Brasil we estimated the associations between MM, BMC and HGS using linear regression models. All the analyses were performed for total population, also stratified for sex and age. For total population an interaction term was included between each explanatory variable of interest with sex and age to verify the presence of effect modification. We observed that the higher quintiles of MM and BMC were associated to an increasing in the mean of HGS compared to the first quintile, with greater magnitudes in men compared to women, also adults compared to elderly. When we estimated the independent effect of each exposure of interest, MM showed stronger effect in HGS in women, men and adults then BMC. In conclusion, we observed that higher amounts of MM and BMC are associated with higher HGS, regardless of sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions and lifestyle, with this effect being greater in men and adults.

Resumo O estudo tem como objetivo investigar a associação independente da massa muscular (MM) e conteúdo mineral ósseo (CMO) na realização do teste de força de preensão manual (FPM) e se há modificação do efeito por sexo e idade. Em 12.491 participantes do ELSA-Brasil estimamos as associações entre MM, CMO e FPM usando modelos de regressão linear. Todas as análises foram realizadas para a população total, também estratificada por sexo e idade. Para a população total foi incluído um termo de interação entre cada variável explicativa de interesse com sexo e idade para verificar a presença de modificação de efeito. Observamos que os maiores quintis de MM e BMC estiveram associados a um aumento na média da FPM em relação ao primeiro quintil, com maiores magnitudes em homens em relação a mulheres, também em adultos em relação a idosos. Quando estimamos o efeito independente de cada exposição de interesse, MM mostrou efeito mais forte na FPM em mulheres, homens e adultos do que BMC. Em conclusão, observamos que maiores quantidades de MM e BMC estão associadas a maior FPM, independentemente das características sociodemográficas, condições de saúde e estilo de vida, sendo esse efeito maior em homens e adultos.

Vacinas e desinformação: uma análise de conteúdo sobre fake newsapuradas por plataformas de debunkingem redes sociais / Vaccines and disinformation: a content analysis on fake news verified by debunking platforms on social networks / Vacunas y desinformación: un análisis de contenidos sobre fake news verificadas por las plataformas de debunking en las redes sociales

O impacto das fake news chegou à área da saúde e a desconfiança em relação às vacinas trouxe de volta doenças até então erradicadas. Mas como os discursos antivacinasão construídos nas redes sociais? Neste trabalho, 80fake news com foco nas vacinas foram coletadas de sites brasileiros que realizam debunking, uma estratégia de detecção e desmascaramento de desinformação e fake news. A partir da aplicação de um protocolo analítico, mapeamos as principais características presentes na elaboração dessas publicações. A análise de conteúdo revelou que o Facebook e o WhatsApp são as redes preferidas para esse tipo de compartilhamento. Cerca de 59% dos conteúdos são totalmente falsos e a maioria dos discursos destaca possíveis riscos das vacinas como estratégias de convencimento. As fontes mais referenciadas são supostamente médicos e cientistas, para criar confiabilidade. O levantamento aponta ainda que 60% das publicações apresentaram erros gramaticais e ortográficos na elaboração dos textos

The impact of fake news reached the health area and distrust in relation to vaccines brought back diseases that had been eradicated. But how are these anti-vaccine discourses constructed in social medias? In this paper, 80 fake news stories focusing on vaccines were collected through Brazilian websites that perform debunking, a strategy for detecting and unmasking misinformation and fake news. From the application of an analytical protocol, the main characteristics present in the elaboration of these publications were mapped. Content analysis revealed that Facebook and WhatsApp are the preferred medias for this type of sharing. About 59% of the contents are totally false and most of the speeches highlight the risks of vaccines as a convincing strategy. The most referenced sources are supposedly doctors and scientists to create re-liability. The survey also points out that 60% of publications have grammatical and spelling errors in the preparation of texts

El impacto de las fake news llegó al área de la salud y la desconfianza en las vacunas trajo de vuelta enfermedades erradicadas. Pero, ¿cómo se construyen los discursos antivacunas en las redes sociales? En este trabajo, se recopilaron 80 noticias falsas centradas en vacunas a través de sitios web brasileños que realizan debunking, una estrategia para detectar y desenmascarar información errónea y noticias falsas. A partir de la aplicación de un protocolo analítico, mapeamos las principales características presentes en la elaboración de estas publicaciones. El análisis de contenido reveló que Facebook y WhatsApp son las redes preferidas para este tipo de intercambio. Alrededor del 59% del contenido es completamente falso y la mayoría destaca los posibles riesgos de las vacunas como estrategias convincentes. Las fuentes más referenciadas son supuestamente médicos y científicos para crear confiabilidad. La encuesta señala que el 60% de las publicaciones tenían errores gramaticales y ortográficos

Effect of Harvesting Stage and Drying Method on Cowpea Leaf Nutrient Composition

Cowpea leaves are lost annually due to infestation and spoilage when being transported to clients and the losses at the local markets are brought on by inadequate postharvest handling procedures and market glut, particularly during peak seasons. High moisture content from the cowpea leaves at harvest stage may contribute to increased spoilage hence lowering quantity and quality. The choice of appropriate harvesting stage and drying method can help to reduce this problem. The aim of this study was to determine the best harvesting stage and efficient drying method that would maintain high leaf nutrient composition. Cowpeas variety M66 was used for the research and the treatments included three harvesting stages (21, 35 and 49 days after sowing [DAS]), three drying methods (open sun, solar dryer and oven. Data was collected on iron, calcium, crude fibre, beta carotene, protein and moisture content. The data was subjected for variance using Statistical Analysis System 9.2 edition and significantly different means separated using least significant difference at 5%. The results indicated significant (p<0.05) differences in moisture, calcium, proteins, beta carotene and crude fibre content in both trials. Harvest stage and drying method did not significantly (p<0.05) influence the iron content. Oven and solar drying methods showed better nutrient and mineral retention in the three harvesting stages when compared to the open sun drying method.

Optimization Method of Whole Wheat Flour, Soybean Flour, Oyster Meat Powder for Nutrient- Dense Composite Flour

Aim: To study the production of Nutrient – Dense Composite Flour from the blends of whole wheat flour, soybean flour (full fat) and oyster meat powder. Study Design: The study was design using the D-optimal combination design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Department of Food, Nutrition and Home Science, University of Port Harcourt (Processing of raw materials) and the Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of industrial research Oshodi, Lagos (Analysis of raw materials) between October 2021 and August 2022. Methodology: The raw materials were each processed to have wholesome flours, and then they were combined according to the matrix generated, which had ranges of 70 – 100%, 0 – 22%, and 0 – 8% for whole wheat flour (WWF), soybean flour (SBF) and oyster meat powder (OMP) respectively. Results: The design was used to assess the significance (5% probability) of the moisture, fat, and protein content, which ranged from 8.09 to 11.37%, 1.80 to 8.52% and 9.70 to 19.07% respectively; the water absorption (72.00 - 79.10BU), dough stability (9.3 - 17.5BU) and mixing tolerance index (25 - 50BU); and lightness and yellowness, which ranged from 65.48 - 83.2 and 13.77 - 23.58 respectively, of the flour blends. Protein content, water absorption dough stability, and mixing tolerance index were prioritized while moisture content, fat content, and yellowness were minimized for the numerical optimization of the responses. This study highlights the possibilities of utilizing non-conventional raw materials in the production of composite flour with balance nutritional and baking qualities. Conclusion: The best flour combination was 72.51% whole wheat flour, 19.63% soybean flour, and 7.86% oyster meat powder.

Theory and health disparities: Explaining the relevance of theory in public health research in India

This paper aims to address the concern that quantitative public health studies do not integrate theoretical considerations. This qualitative study uses content analysis to explore the application of theory in Indian public health articles listed on PubMed. Social determinants such as poverty, income, social class, education, gender, caste, socioeconomic position, socioeconomic status, immigrant status, and wealth were the keywords used to identify the articles analysed in this study. From a selection of 91 public health articles, we identified potential theoretical frameworks based on the pathways/recommendations/explanations mentioned. Additionally, using the case of tuberculosis in India, we highlight how theoretical perspectives play a critical role in providing a holistic view of major health challenges. Finally, by emphasising the need to adopt a theoretical perspective in empirical quantitative research on public health in India, we hope to motivate scholars to include a theory or theoretical paradigm in their future research.

Proximate and Mineral Composition of Some Foreign and Local Rice Varieties Sold in Mile 3 Market, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Rice is a staple food in many countries of Africa and it is nutritionally beneficial. This research work compared the proximate composition and mineral composition of some local and foreign rice varieties. Four varieties of rice were analyzed; two types of local rice designated as (L1 and L2) and two types of foreign rice (F1 and F2). The proximate composition such as moisture content, ash content, carbohydrate content, crude protein, crude fiber and total fat were evaluated using standard methods. The result of the analysis showed that the moisture content was lowest in L1 (8.56 ± 0.26g) and highest in sample L2 (9.47 ± 0.48g). All the four varieties recorded high carbohydrate content. The fat content of L1 and L2 (1.19±0.20 - 2.48±0.90) were significantly higher (p<0.05) when compared to F1 and F2 (1.69±0.30 – 1.99± 0.20a). Crude fiber content for L1 and L2 (1.49±0.09 -1.69±0.09) were statistically higher compared to F1 and F2 (0.29±0.09b -0.39±0.01b). Crude protein for L1 and L2 (7.89±0.09 – 8.09±0.22) were significantly higher when compared to F1 and F2 (6.34± 0.22b – 7.22± 0.66). Ash content for L1 and L2 (0.60± 0.01-0.68±0.32) were statistically lower compared to F1 and F2 (0.62±0.08 – 1.20± 0.20) Potassium and Zinc showed no significant difference in all samples apart from F1 where Potassium and Zinc were significantly different. Calcium values for foreign rice showed significant difference when compared to the values for local rice. Local rice appeared to have a relatively higher level of iron when compared to all the foreign rice samples. The values obtained from this study indicates that Nigerian local rice varieties are nutritionally better compared to foreign rice varieties.

Contenido de sodio en antimicrobianos parenterales: Una fuente extra de sodio a considerarse en pacientes hospitalizados

Los antimicrobianos parenterales son esenciales en el tratamiento de infecciones intrahospitalarias, sin embargo, es importante considerar la carga de sodio y volumen que pueden aportar, especialmente, en pacientes con restricción sódica. En el presente estudio se identificaron los antimicrobianos parenterales usados en uno de los hospitales más grandes del Perú. Se revisó la cantidad de sodio intrínseco y se calculó la cantidad de sodio total por día de tratamiento según el régimen frecuentemente usado en adultos. Como resultado, se encontró que 22% de las terapias antimicrobianas superaban el requerimiento de sodio diario, lo que podría ser perjudicial para pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca, enfermedad renal crónica, con cirrosis hepática, entre otros.

Parenteral antibiotics are essential in the treatment of nosocomial infections; however, their sodium load and volume should be considered as an extra source, especially, in patients with sodium restriction. In this study, we identified the parental antibiotics used in one of the largest hospitals in Peru. We reviewed the amount of intrinsic sodium and we calculated the sodium load per day of treatment according to the commonly used regimen in adults. As a result, we found that 22% of the antibiotic treatment regimens exceed the daily sodium requirement, which could be harmful for patients with heart failure, chronic kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, among others.

Configurações explicativas do desenvolvimento da resiliência nas redes de suprimentos da administração pública / Ámbitos explicativos del desarrollo de la resiliencia en las redes de abastecimiento de las administraciones públicas / Explanatory settings of the development of resilience in public administration supply networks

Resumo O capital social é uma lente teórica importante para explicar os relacionamentos interorganizacionais e a construção da resiliência nas redes de suprimentos. Para corroborar essa perspectiva, este estudo visa identificar quais atributos do capital social contribuem para explicar o desenvolvimento da resiliência nas redes de suprimentos da administração pública e de que forma eles se combinam nessa explicação. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva que utilizou entrevistas com a técnica da grade de repertório para a coleta de dados. Os dados foram analisados mediante a análise de conteúdo de Honey e a análise de coincidência (CNA). Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que o capital social se mostrou fundamental para desenvolver resiliência nas redes de suprimentos na administração pública, por meio dos atributos de compartilhamento de informações técnicas; precisão na comunicação; antecipação na comunicação de informações relevantes; reciprocidade; confiança; transparência e comprometimento. A originalidade do estudo reside na utilização da teoria do capital social em estudos sobre resiliência na administração pública e na adoção de um método de coleta e análise de dados robusto e ainda não explorado em pesquisas na administração pública brasileira. As principais contribuições do estudo foram: 1) destacar o capital social como constructo multinível que influencia o desenvolvimento da resiliência; 2) ampliar os estudos sobre resiliência na administração pública; 3) fornecer informações que podem ser utilizadas por gestores públicos, a fim de evitar ou minimizar a ocorrência de riscos que comprometam a prestação de serviços públicos e 4) adotar um método de pesquisa inédito na administração pública brasileira.

Resumen El capital social es una lente teórica importante para explicar las relaciones entre organizaciones y desarrollar la resiliencia en las redes de suministro. Corroborando esta perspectiva, este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar qué atributos del capital social contribuyen a explicar el desarrollo de la resiliencia en las redes de suministro de la administración pública y cómo se combinan en esta explicación. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa y descriptiva, utilizando entrevistas con la técnica de rejilla de repertorio para la recolección de datos. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el análisis de contenido de Honey y el análisis de coincidencia (CNA). Los resultados de la investigación indican que el capital social demostró ser fundamental para desarrollar resiliencia en las redes de abastecimiento de la administración pública, a través de los atributos de compartición de información técnica, precisión en la comunicación, anticipación en la comunicación de información relevante, reciprocidad, confianza, transparencia y compromiso. La originalidad del estudio radica en el uso de la teoría del capital social en estudios sobre resiliencia en la administración pública y en la adopción de un método robusto de recopilación y análisis de datos que aún no ha sido explorado en investigaciones en la administración pública brasileña. Las principales contribuciones del estudio fueron: (1) resaltar el capital social como un constructo multinivel que influye en el desarrollo de la resiliencia, (2) ampliar los estudios sobre resiliencia en la administración pública, (3) proporcionar información que pueda ser utilizada por los administradores para evitar o minimizar la ocurrencia de riesgos que comprometan la prestación de los servicios públicos y (4) adoptar un método de investigación inédito en la administración pública brasileña.

Abstract Social capital is an important theoretical lens for explaining interorganizational relationships and building resilience in supply networks. This study corroborates this perspective, aiming to identify which attributes of social capital contribute to explaining the development of resilience in public administration supply networks and how they combine in this explanation. A qualitative and descriptive research was carried out, using interviews with the repertoire grid technique for data collection. Data were analyzed using Honey's content analysis and coincidence analysis (CNA). The research results indicate that social capital proved to be fundamental to developing resilience in supply networks in public administration, through the attributes of sharing technical information, precision in communication, anticipation in communicating relevant information, reciprocity, trust, transparency, and commitment. The originality of the study lies in the use of social capital theory in studies on resilience in public administration and in the adoption of a robust data collection and analysis method that has not yet been explored in research in Brazilian public administration. The main contributions of the study were: (1) to highlight social capital as a multilevel construct that influences the development of resilience, (2) to expand studies on resilience in public administration, (3) to provide information that public managers can use to avoid or minimize the risks that jeopardize the provision of public services, and (4) to adopt an unprecedented research method in the Brazilian public administration.

Study of total antioxidant capacity of red raspberry (Rubus idaeous L. ) shoots. / Estudio de la capacidad antioxidante total de brotes de frambuesa roja (Rubus idaeous L. ).

Background: Today, cardiovascular, oncological, and neurodegenerative diseases are the main causes of death in the world, according to official World Health Organization (WHO) statistics. Antioxidants are used to treat and prevent these diseases. In order to develop optimal technology for obtaining drugs based on plant extracts with antioxidant action, it is necessary to determine the total antioxidant capacity of raspberry shoots. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the total antioxidant capacity of red raspberry shoots, study the content of biologically active substances (BAS), and the antioxidant activity of red raspberry shoot extracts obtained during subsequent exhaustive extraction. Methods: The number of phenolic compounds, catechins, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acids was determined by a spectrophotometric analysis method, whereas organic acids were determined by the alkalimetric method in red raspberry shoot extracts; the antioxidant activity of obtained extracts was evaluated by potentiometric method. Results: The total antioxidant capacity of red raspberry shoots was 164.12 mmol-equiv./m dry weight, the sum of the total content of phenolic compounds was 24.40 mg gallic acid (GA)/mL, catechins ­ 21.36 mg epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG)/mL, flavonoids ­ 0.77 mg rutin (R)/mL, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives ­ 2.56 mg chlorogenic acid (ChA)/mL and organic acids ­ 1.88 mg citric acid (CA)/mL in red raspberry shoot extracts obtained during subsequent exhaustive extraction. The analysis showed that there is a very high positive correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds, catechin, flavonoid, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives, and organic acids content in red raspberry shoot extracts. Conclusions: Total red raspberry shoots' antioxidant capacity has been determined. The study results can be used to develop optimal technology for obtaining drugs based on the extract of red raspberry shoots, which has an antioxidant effect

Contexto: Hoy en día, las enfermedades cardiovasculares, oncológicas y neurodegenerativas son las principales causas de muerte en el mundo según estadísticas oficiales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS. Los antioxidantes se utilizan para tratar y prevenir estas enfermedades. Para desarrollar una tecnología óptima para la obtención de fármacos a base de extractos de plantas con acción antioxidante, es necesario determinar la capacidad antioxidante total de los brotes de frambuesa.Objetivos: El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la capacidad antioxidante total de los brotes de frambuesa roja, estudiar el contenido de sustancias biológicamente activas (SBA) y la actividad antioxidante de los extractos de brotes de frambuesa roja obtenidos mediante extracción exhaustiva. Métodos: La cantidad de compuestos fenólicos, catequinas, flavonoides y ácidos hidroxicinámicos se determinó por método de análisis espectrofotométrico, mientras que los ácidos orgánicos por método alcalimétrico en extractos de brotes de frambuesa roja; La actividad antioxidante de los extractos obtenidos se evaluó por método potenciométrico. Resultados: La capacidad antioxidante total de los brotes de frambuesa roja fue de 164.12 mmol-equiv./m de peso seco, la suma del contenido total de compuestos fenólicos fue de 24.40 mg gálico ácido (GA)/mL, catequinas ­ 21.36 mg epigalocatequina-3-O-galato (EGCG)/mL, flavonoides ­ 0.77 mg rutina (R)/mL, derivados de ácidos hidroxicinámicos ­ 2.56 mg clorogénico ácido (ChA)/mL y ácidos orgánicos ­ 1.88 mg cítrico ácido (CA)/mL en extractos de brotes de frambuesa roja obtenidos durante extracción exhaustiva. La correlación analizada mostró que existe una correlación positiva entre la actividad antioxidante y el contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales, catequinas, flavonoides, derivados de ácidos hidroxicinámicos y ácidos orgánicos en extractos de brotes de frambuesa roja. Conclusiones: Gracias a nuestros resultados se ha determinado la capacidad antioxidante total de los brotes de frambuesa roja. Los resultados del estudio se pueden utilizar para desarrollar una tecnología óptima para la obtención de fármacos basados en el extracto de brotes de frambuesa roja, que tiene un efecto antioxidante

Total phenolic, monomeric anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of Berberis commutata Eichler fruits / Contenido fenólico total, antocianinas monoméricas y actividad antioxidante de los frutos de Berberis commutata Eichler

Background: Berberis commutata Eichler is a berry that grows in the Peruvian Andes and has been consumed in the Andes of South America since ancient times. The edible fruits have an intense purple color and are rich in anthocyanins and phenolic compounds that are available from February until May each year. The color of the fruits is a soft purple dye for natural fibers, and many birds use them as food. Objective: This study quantified the total phenolic, monomeric anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of Berberis commutata Eichler berries. Methods: The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay. Monomeric anthocyanin content was determined by the method is pH differential, and the antioxidant activity was measured using the Brand-Williams method. Results: The total phenolic content was 7,490 ± 0.85 mg GAE/100g, and the monomeric anthocyanin content was 70 ± 0.03 mg/100g. The antioxidant activity of the berries showed a tendency to increase with B. commutata extract concentration; an EC50 of 0.91 mg/mL was calculated, indicating a high antioxidant power. Conclusion: Our results showed that B. commutata E. has both high total phenolic content and monomeric anthocyanins comparable to other superfruits and high antioxidant activity, which means that it is possible to use this berberis species as a functional food.

Introducción: Berberis commutata Eichleres una baya que crece en los Andes peruanos. Los frutos comestibles tienen un intenso color púrpura rico en antocianinas y componentes fenólicos que están disponibles desde febrero hasta mayo de cada año. El color de sus frutos se utiliza como un suave colorante púrpura para las fibras naturales y muchas aves los utilizan como alimento. Sin embargo, desde la antigüedad los frutos de esta especie han sido consumidas en los Andes de Sudamérica. Objetivo: Este estudio cuantificó el contenido fenólico total, antocianinas monoméricas y la actividad antioxidante usando el método del radical DPPH de las bayas de Berberis commutata Eichler. Método: El contenido fenólico total se midió a través del ensayo colorimétrico de Folin-Ciocalteu, el contenido de antocianinas monoméricas se determinó mediante el método del pH diferencial y la actividad antioxidante se midió con el método de Brand-Williams. Resultados: El contenido fenólico total fue de 7,490 ± 0.85 mg GAE/100g y el contenido de antocianinas monoméricas fue de 70 ± 0.03 mg/100g. La actividad antioxidante de las bayas mostró una tendencia a aumentar con la concentración del extracto de B. commutata, se calculó un EC50 de 0.91 mg/mL que indica un alto poder antioxidante. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados mostraron que B. commutata E. tiene tanto un alto contenido fenólico total, así como antocianinas monoméricas comparables con otras superfrutas y una elevada actividad antioxidante, lo que significa que es posible utilizar esta especie de berberis como alimento funcional.