Influence of Nagoya Protocol on traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

The three objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of benefit sarising from the utilization of genetic resources.The Nagoya Protocol significantly advances the CBD's third objective by providing a strong basis for greater legal certainty and transparency for both providers and users of genetic resources.In June 2016, the Chinese government approved the accession to the Nagoya Protocol. The implementation of the Nagoya Protocol is bound to greatly influence the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as its development relies on medical biological genetic resources.Both the protection and access of medical biological genetic resources and its related traditional knowledge and the introduction, breeding, biosynthesis and the extraction and modification of effective components of medicinal organism are with the prescribed scope of the Nagoya Protocol. In this study, we simply introduce the background and main contents of the Nagoya Protocol in first. We then explore the relationship between the Nagoya Protocol and the TCM.We also analyze the positive effects on the TCM for China to be one of the parties of the Nagoya Protocol and finally make some proposals for better implementation of the Nagoya Protocol.This study has certain reference significance to the resource economy and management of TCM.

Índice de diversidad biológica urbana de la ciudad de la antigua Guatemala / Index of urban biological diversity in the city of la antigua Guatemala L

La urbanización es un fenómeno global cuyo pronóstico prevé que para el 2050 hasta el 70% de la poblaciónmundial vivirá en ciudades. Esto tendrá un impacto sobre la diversidad biológica, lo que podría generar pérdidade especies y de los servicios ecosistémicos relacionados. Las administraciones municipales deben contemplareste componente para la planificación y desempeño ambiental de sus ciudades y áreas urbanas. El Convenio sobrela Diversidad Biológica (CDB) ha planteado una nueva herramienta para estimar la diversidad biológica enciudades: el índice de diversidad biológica urbana. En este proyecto se evaluó este índice para la ciudad de LaAntigua Guatemala. De un máximo de 72 puntos, el resultado para la ciudad de La Antigua Guatemala fue de33 puntos. Se midieron 18 indicadores de tres componentes: (1) biodiversidad urbana con un desempeño alto,(2) servicios ecosistémicos con un desempeño bajo y (3) gobernanza y manejo de la diversidad biológica con undesempeño medio. Los registros para la línea base de la biodiversidad son: 99 especies de aves, 148 especies deplantas vasculares, 46 especies de mariposas y 11 especies de murciélagos. Se recomienda a las autoridades dela ciudad de La Antigua Guatemala y actores involucrados, elaborar de urgencia la estrategia local de diversidadbiológica y su plan de acción.

The global process of urbanization predicts a 70% of all world citizens living in cities by the year 2050. Theresult will be a high impact on biological diversity like species loss and degradation of ecosystem services.Local governments have to introduce this component in the environmental planning and performance of their cities.The UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has proposed a new tool to evaluate the biological diversityin cities: The City Biodiversity Index (CBI). In this project the CBI for the city of La Antigua Guatemala wasassessed. The city scores 33 points out of 72. The indicators measured were related to three main components: (1)biological diversity with high value, (2) ecosystem services with low value and (3) governance and managementof biological diversity with medium value. Biodiversity base line records were: 99 bird species, 148 plant species,46 butterfly species and 11 bat species. The project recommends the urgent elaboration of Antigua Guatemala’sCity Local Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (LBSAP).

A regulamentação do acesso aos recursos genéticos e aos conhecimentos tradicionais associados no Brasil / Regulation to access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge in Brazil

A implementação, em nível nacional, da Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica, especialmente dos artigos 8j e 15, que tratam respectivamente do conhecimento tradicional e do acesso aos recursos genéticos e da repartição dos benefícios provenientes da sua utilização, tem gerado intenso debate quanto ao seu impacto sobre a pesquisa. No Brasil vigora atualmente a Medida Provisória 2.186-16/01 (MP) que instituiu as regras para o acesso a e a remessa de componentes do patrimônio genético e o acesso a conhecimentos tradicionais associados. Essa norma previu a criação da autoridade nacional competente o Conselho de Gestão do Patrimônio Genético (CGEN) no âmbito do Ministério do Meio Ambiente, o qual iniciou suas atividades em abril de 2002. Em 2003, com o novo governo, a implementação da MP buscou atender, na medida do possível, as demandas de setores da sociedade, editando atos que esclareceram conceitos básicos para sua implementação, diminuindo a burocracia para a aplicação da norma e dando maior transparência às ações do CGEN. Entretanto essas ações estão limitadas pelo texto legal vigente, assim foi elaborado um anteprojeto de lei para, após sua análise pela casa Civil, ser encaminhado pelo Executivo Federal ao Congresso Nacional. A retomada do processo legislativo, iniciado em 1995 e interrompido em 2000 com a primeira edição da referida MP, dará a sociedade uma nova chance para que participe da discussão dessa matéria, agora com mais conhecimento de causa.

The nationwide enforcement of the Convention on Biological Diversity, particularly articles 8j and 15 which address respectively traditional knowledge and access to genetic resources and distribution of the benefits deriving from it's utilization, has generated an intense debate regarding it's impact on research. Today, in Brazil, Provisional Measure 2.186-16/01 (MP), which established the rules for the access and sending of genetic patrimony components and the access to associated traditional knowledge, is in effect. This norm foresaw the creation inside the Ministry of the Environment of a national competent authority the Genetic Heritage Management Council (CGEN), whose activities began in April 2002. In 2003, with the new government, enforcement of the MP tried to address, as far as possible, the demands of sectors of society, publishing acts that clarify concepts which are fundamental for it's enforcement, reducing bureaucracy in the application of the norm and giving greater transparency to the actions of the CGEN. However, as these actions are limited by the legal text in force, a preliminary draft was made for a law to be sent by the Federal Executive Government to the National Congress, after being analyzed by the competent government department. Taking up again the legislative process, began in 1995 and interrupted in 2000 with the first edition of the above MP mentioned, society will have a new opportunity to participate in the discussion of this matter, with deeper understanding.