Effect of ulinastatin on postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of ulinastatin on the postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in the patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG).Methods:Medical records from patients scheduled for elective OPCABG from September 2021 to August 2023 were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into ulinastatin and control groups based on the intraoperative use of ulinastatin. Confounding factors were adjusted using propensity score matching and an extended Cox proportional hazards model. The primary outcome was the development of PPCs within 30 days after surgery, and secondary outcomes included length of stay in intensive care unit, length of hospital stay and occurrence of other adverse events.Results:A total of 1 532 patients were included in this cohort study, and 585 cases (38.2%) experienced PPCs. Compared with control group, the incidence of PPCs was significantly decreased (before matching: 42.7% vs. 35.2%, P=0.004; after matching: 42.2% vs. 35.6%, P=0.033), the incidence of acute kidney injury was decreased and no significant differences were found in the length of stay in intensive care unit, length of hospital stay and incidence of other adverse events in ulinastatin group ( P>0.05). In the extended Cox proportional hazard model before and after adjustment for confounding factors, the risk of PPCs was significantly reduced after the use of ulinastatin ( HR value before adjustment was 0.81, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 0.67-0.99, P=0.004; the HR value after adjustment was 0.79, 95% CI 0.65-0.96, P=0.022). The risk of PPCs was significantly decreased in patients aged >65 yr and at high risk of PPCs after using ulinastatin ( HR=0.667, 95% CI 0.542-0.821, P<0.001; hR value was 0.641, 95% CI 0.516-0.812, P<0.001). Conclusions:The intraoperative use of ulinastatin is helpful in decreasing the risk of PPCs in patients undergoing OPCABG.

Analysis of current status and influencing factors of barriers to phase II cardiac rehabilitation in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the current status of barriers to participation in phaseⅡcoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients and the factors influencing them, and to provide new ideas for reducing barriers to participation in rehabilitation and improving the participation rate in cardiac rehabilitation.Methods:For this study, a cross-sectional survey research method was utilized. The study included 334 patients who underwent CABG and were admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University between June 2022 and May 2023. These patients were selected using the convenience sampling method. A General Information Questionnaire, the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS-C/M), and a Questionnaire on the Knowledge of Information Related to Cardiac Rehabilitation were used to conduct the survey. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the independent influencing factors on barriers to participation in phase Ⅱ cardiac rehabilitation in post-CABG patients.Results:Out of 334 patients, 248 were males and 86 were females with age (54.74 ± 7.61) years old. The total average score of CRBS-C/M in patients after CABG surgery was 3.20 ± 0.43, with the highest external logistic factors score of 3.42 ± 0.58. The knowledge status score of information related to cardiac rehabilitation was 42.11 ± 7.94. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the following factors independently influenced post-CABG patients′ barriers to participating in phaseⅡcardiac rehabilitation: marital status, whether or not they had completed phase I cardiac rehabilitation,number of other comorbidities, knowledge of cardiac rehabilitation information. All of these differences were statistically significant ( t values were -4.87-3.35, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The barriers to participation in phase Ⅱ cardiac rehabilitation in post-CABG patients are at an intermediate to high level, and healthcare professionals should emphasize the assessment of barrier factors in these patients, and target the development and implementation of phase Ⅱ cardiac rehabilitation in terms of the influencing factors.

Cirugía de revascularización miocárdica: comparación de supervivencia a 10 años de la cirugía coronaria con y sin circulación extracorpórea mediante Propensity Score Matching / Ten-year survival after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting compared with traditional bypass grafting

BACKGROUND: Long-term outcomes of Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (OPCAB) as an alternative to the traditional Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) technique with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are not well defined. AIM: To compare 10-year survival of isolated OPCAB versus CABG with CPB. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of information obtained from databases, clinical records and surgical protocols of patients treated with isolated CABG between January 2006 and November 2008 at a Regional Hospital. Of 658 isolated CABG, 192 (29.2%) were OPCAB and 466 (79.9%) CPB. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was performed to compare both groups. After PSM, two groups of 192 cases were obtained. Mortality data was obtained from the Chilean public identification service. Ten-year survival was calculated and compared with Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods. RESULTS: Follow-up data was obtained in all cases. No statistically significant differences were found when comparing 10-year survival between OPCAB versus CPB (78.6% and 80.2% respectively, p 0.720). There was also no statistical difference in cardiovascular death free survival (90.1% with CPB versus 89.1% OPCAB, p 0.737). Survival was comparable when analyzing subgroups with diabetes mellitus, left ventricular dysfunction or chronic kidney disease, among others. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, OPBAB has a comparable 10-year survival with CABG with CPB.

The impact of " staging" hybrid coronary artery revascularization on the short-and long-term efficacy of patients with multiple coronary artery lesions / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the impact of " staging" hybrid coronary artery revascularization (HCR) on the short-and long-term efficacy of patients with multiple coronary artery lesions.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Eighty patients with multiple coronary artery lesions admitted to the Baoding Second Central Hospital from January 2017 to October 2018 were selected and divided into two groups according to different surgical methods. Forty patients were treated with " staging" HCR and were designated as the HCR group, and 40 patients were treated with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) and were designated as the OPCAB group. The perioperative related indicators and perioperative serious complications were compared between the two groups. The serum myocardial injury marker levels were detected preoperatively and 48 hours postoperatively, including heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) and troponin I (cTnI). All subjects were followed up for at least 3 years to calculate the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE).Results:The bypass surgery time, mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay time, and total hospital stay time in the HCR group were all less than those in the OPCAB group (all P<0.05), and the incision length in the HCR group was shorter than that in the OPCAB group ( P<0.05). The intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative 24-hour drainage volume, red blood cell transfusion volume, and plasma transfusion volume in the HCR group were all less than those in the OPCAB group (all P<0.05). Forty-eight hours after surgery, the serum H-FABP and cTnI levels in both groups were significantly higher than those preoperatively (all P<0.05), but the increase was more significant in the OPCAB group (all P<0.05). The perioperative serious complication rate in the HCR group was 2.50%(1/40), which was significantly lower than that in the OPCAB group [20.00%(8/40)] ( P<0.05). During the 3-year follow-up after surgery, the MACCE incidence in the HCR group was 12.50%(5/40), and that in the OPCAB group was 22.50%(9/40). There was no significant difference in the long-term MACCE incidence between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:" Staging" HCR treatment for multiple coronary artery lesions can achieve ideal surgical results. Compared with OPCAB, its short-term efficacy is more significant, and long-term efficacy is equivalent.

Dose-response relationship of remimazolam for loss of consciousness during anesthesia induction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the dose-response relationship of remimazolam for loss of consciousness during anesthesia induction in the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods:American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅲ or Ⅳpatients, aged 55-64 yr, with body mass index of 21-26 kg/m 2, scheduled for elective CABG under general anesthesia, were included in this study.The trial was conducted using the modified Dixon′s up-and-down method. The initial dose of remimazolam was 0.225 mg/kg, each time the concentration increased/decreased by 0.025 mg/kg in the next patient depending on whether or not the patients lost consciousness. Criteria for loss of consciousness was considered as the modified vigilance sedation score≤1 within 3 min after remimazolam administration. The 50% effective dose (ED 50), 95% effective dose (ED 95) and their 95% confidence interval ( CI) was analyzed by probit probability analysis method. Results:The ED 50 of remimazolam for loss of consciousness during anesthesia induction was 0.175 mg/kg, 95% CI was 0.163-0.185 mg/kg, ED 95 was 0.211 mg/kg, and 95% CI was 0.197-0.255 mg/kg. Conclusions:The ED 50 and ED 95 of remimazolam were 0.175 and 0.211 mg/kg respectively when used for loss of consciousness during anesthesia induction in the patients undergoing CABG.

Risk analysis of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention / 中华内科杂志

Objective:Of all spontaneous bleeding complications in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is the most common and of specific interest, because it can be prevented by several prophylactic measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in-hospital incidence, associated outcomes, and predictors of UGIB after STEMI.Methods:In this retrospective study, we analyzed the records of 2 791 patients with acute STEMI admitted to Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University between January 2018 and January 2022. The patients were divided into the UGIB group ( n=61) and non-UGIB group ( n=2 730) according to the presence or absence of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, respectively. Baseline clinical conditions, coronary lesions, in-hospital deaths, and in-hospital adverse events were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was also performed for risk factors that could lead to UGIB. Results:The in-hospital incidence of UGIB after STEMI was 2.2% (61/2 791). Hospital stay was significantly longer in the UGIB group [8(6, 12) days vs. 5 (4, 7) days, Z=3.28, P<0.001] and in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the UGIB group than in the non-UGIB group (9.8% vs. 0.8%, χ2=0.63, P=0.001). Patients with UGIB were significantly older than those without UGIB (63±11 years vs. 58±11 years, t=-3.75, P<0.001). The serum creatinine level of UGIB patients was significantly higher than that of non-UGIB patients [(80(62, 98) mmol/L vs. 73(64, 84) mmol/L, Z=1.68, P=0.007], the red blood cell count of UGIB patients was significantly lower than that of non-UGIB patients [4.1(3.8, 4.6)×10 12/L vs. 4.6(4.2, 4.9)×10 12/L, Z=2.61, P<0.001], and the hemoglobin concentration of UGIB patients was significantly lower than that of non-UGIB patients [129(109, 141) g/L vs. 141(130, 152) g/L, Z=2.52, P<0.001]. Brain natriuretic peptide levels were significantly higher in UGIB patients than in non-UGIB patients [331(165, 644) ng/L vs. 181(89, 333) ng/L, Z=2.42, P<0.001]. Logistic regression analysis showed that age ( OR=1.045, 95% CI 1.009-1.082, P=0.013); hemoglobin ( OR=1.594, 95% CI 1.150-2.210, P=0.005); hematocrit ( OR=0.181, 95% CI 0.060-0.546, P=0.002); and mean hemoglobin concentration ( OR=0.845, 95% CI 0.752-0.951, P=0.005) were independent risk factors for UGIB in patients with STEMI. Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for in-hospital death revealed that concurrent UGIB was an independent risk factor for in-hospital death in patients with STEMI ( OR=2.954, 95% CI 0.635-13.751, P=0.024). Conclusions:The incidence of in-hospital UGIB in STEMI patients was 2.2%, and the in-hospital mortality rate of STEMI complicated with UGIB increased to 9.8%. Concurrent UGIB was an independent risk factor for in-hospital death in patients with STEMI. The most important predictors of in-hospital UGIB in patients with STEMI were age, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean hemoglobin concentration.

Effect of different administration methods of methoxamine on body temperature of patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To observe the different administration methods of methoxamine on the body temperature protection of patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG).Methods:The clinical data of 278 patients underwent OPCABG from January 2019 to December 2021 in Jinzhou Central Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were used the methoxamine during the operation. Among them, 157 cases were given methoxamine by continuous intravenous infusion (continuous intravenous infusion group), and 121 cases were given methoxamine by fractional intravenous infusion in stages (fractional intravenous infusion group). The changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate during operation were recorded, and the fluctuation rate of MAP was calculated. The dosage of methoxamine, use time of variable temperature blanket, time from the end of operation to waking up and occurrence of adverse reactions such as hypothermia, rigors, coagulation disorders and renal insufficiency were recorded.Results:During anesthesia, the fluctuation rate of MAP in continuous intravenous infusion group was significantly lower than that in fractional intravenous infusion group: (16.62 ± 3.17)% vs. (23.53±3.69)%, and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). The MAP and heart rate of continuous intravenous infusion group were more stable at each time point than that of fractional intravenous infusion group. The use time of variable temperature blanket, and incidences of hypothermia, rigors in continuous intravenous infusion group were significantly lower than those in fractional intravenous infusion group: (86.17 ± 19.66) min vs. (146.72 ± 29.37) min, 2.55% (4/157) vs. 9.92% (12/121) and 1.91% (3/157) vs. 8.26% (10/121), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.01 or <0.05); there were no statistical differences in dosage of methoxamine, time from the end of operation to waking up and incidence of coagulation disorders between two groups ( P>0.05); Renal insufficiency did not occur in both groups. Conclusions:Continuous intravenous pumping of methoxamine can obviously reduce the heat loss of human body, enhance the insulation effect of other insulation measures, and reduce the incidence of hypothermia in patients underwent OPCABG.

Predictive Value of QT Interval for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

ABSTRACT Introduction: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (poAF) is a common complication of coronary artery bypass grafting, and its reasons are still the subject of research. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether QT interval is related to new onset of poAF occurrence. Methods: This study included 167 patients undergoing elective isolated off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) surgery. Patients were divided into two groups as poAF (+) and poAF (-), according to the development of poAF, and the results of the measurements were compared between the groups. Results: PoAF was detected in 37 (22.1%) of 167 patients who underwent OPCAB surgery. When QT interval measurements were compared, preoperative and postoperative QT and corrected QT interval (QTc) values were significantly longer in the group with atrial fibrillation. Mean values of preoperative QT were 407.5±27.1 in the poAF (-) group vs. 438.5±48.5 in the poAF (+) group (P<0.001). Mean values of preoperative QTc were 419.1±14.5 in the poAF (-) group vs. 448.5±26.6 in the poAF (+) group (P<0.001). Mean values of postoperative QT were 416.3±48.3 in the poAF (-) group vs. 439.2±45.8 in the poAF (+) group (P=0.005). And mean values of postoperative QTc were 419.8±12.5 in the poAF (-) group vs. 452.0±23.3 in the poAF (+) group (P<0.001). Conclusion: QT interval measurement may be a new parameter in predicting poAF development after OPCAB surgery.

Cirugía de revascularización coronaria sin bomba con 2 arterias mamarias en la enfermedad del tronco ¿genera beneficio en la mortalidad a 10 años? / Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery with Bilateral Internal Mammary Arteries in Left Main Coronary Artery Disease. Is There Any Benefit in 10-Year Mortality?

RESUMEN Introducción: Los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que compararon la cirugía de revascularización miocárdica (CRM) con la angioplastia transluminal coronaria (ATC) incluyeron todo tipo de técnicas quirúrgicas (con y sin bomba de circulación extracorpórea) y diversos conductos (arteriales y venosos). ¿Es razonable suponer que todas las técnicas quirúrgicas son iguales en términos de mortalidad tardía? Objetivos: Evaluar si la CRM sin circulación extracorpórea y con el empleo de ambas arterias mamarias tiene un beneficio adicional a la revascularización convencional utilizando una sola arteria mamaria en términos de sobrevida a largo plazo para la enfermedad del tronco de la coronaria izquierda (TCI). Material y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo comparativo (n = 723) ajustado por riesgo. Se realizó análisis estratificado según el uso de arteria mamaria interna única (SITA, n = 144) o ambas arterias mamarias internas (BITA, n = 579). Se analizó la sobrevida a los 10 años de la intervención. Resultados: La supervivencia a los 10 años fue significativamente mayor en el grupo en que se utilizaron ambas arterias mamarias (79,0% ± 3,4% vs 67,0% ± 4,9%, log-rank test, p <0,01). Este beneficio también se observó en el análisis ajustado por riesgo (93,0% ± 4,6 vs 69,0% ± 5,7 respectivamente, p = 0,03). El uso de ambas arterias mamarias fue un predictor independiente de sobrevida a 10 años (HR 0,57, IC 95% 0,37-0,87; p = 0,01). Conclusión: El uso de ambas arterias mamarias internas en pacientes con enfermedad del tronco coronario izquierdo sometidos a revascularización coronaria sin circulación extracorpórea se asoció con mayor sobrevida a los 10 años.

ABSTRACT Background: The randomized controlled trials comparing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) included all types of surgical techniques (on-pump and off-pump) and different conduits (arterial and venous). Is it reasonable to assume that all surgical techniques are equal in terms of late mortality? Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether off-pump CABG surgery using both mammary arteries provides additional benefit over conventional revascularization using single mammary artery in terms of long-term survival for left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational and comparative study (n=723) adjusted for risk. A stratified analysis was performed according to the use of single internal thoracic artery (SITA, n=144) or bilateral internal thoracic arteries (BITA, n=579) analyzing survival at 10 years after the intervention. Results: Survival at 10 years was significantly higher in BITA group (79.0%±3.4% vs 67.0%±4.9%, log-rank test, p <0.01). This advantage was also observed in the risk-adjusted analysis (93.0%±4.6 vs 69.0%±5.7 respectively, p=0.03). The use of BITA was an independent predictor of 10-year survival (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.37-0.87, p=0.01). Conclusion: The use of bilateral internal mammary arteries in patients with left main coronary artery disease undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting was associated with higher survival at 10 years.

Effects of remazolam on sublagal microcirculation during anesthesia induction in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effects of remazolam on sublingual microcirculation during anesthesia induction in the patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting under general anesthesia.Methods:Forty-two patients of both sexes, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅲ or IV, aged 45-75 yr, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m 2, undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting under total intravenous anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=21 each) using a random number table method: propofol group (group P) and remazolam group (group R).Remazolam 0.15-0.35 mg/kg was intravenously infused in group R, and propofol 1.5-2.0 mg/kg was intravenously infused in group P, when patients lost consciousness and they did not response to shoulder tapping, the maintenance dose was adjusted as follows: remazolam 0.15-0.30 mg·kg -1·h -1 in group R and propofol 2.0-4.0 mg·kg -1·h -1 in group P. The BIS value was maintained at 45-55 during operation in the two groups.The proportion of perfused vessels for all vessels (PPV (all)), proportion of perfused small vessels (PPV (small)), perfused vessel density of all vessels (PVD (all)), and perfused small vessel density (PVD (small)) were recorded before induction (T 1), immediately after intubation (T 2) and 30 min after intubation (T 3).The cardiovascular events were recorded during anesthesia induction. Results:Compared with the baseline at T 1, PPV (all), PPV (small) and PVD (all) were significantly decreased at T 3 ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in PPV (all), PPV (small), PVD (all) and PVD (small) at T 2 in group P ( P>0.05), and no significant change was found in PPV (all), PPV (small), PVD (all) and PVD (small) at T 2 and T 3 in group R ( P>0.05).Compared with group R, PPV (small) was significantly decreased at T 3 in group P ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Remazolam exerts less inhibitory effect on sublingual microcirculation than propofol during anesthesia induction in the patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

Cirugía coronaria sin circulación extracorpórea después de 20 años. Resultado y seguimiento en 1.353 pacientes en el sur de Chile / Off pump coronary artery bypass surgery long term results after 20 years in a cardiac center in Chile

BACKGROUND: The benefits of off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (OPCAB) compared with conventional on-pump coronary artery bypass graft are not well established although several studies show excellent long-term results. AIM: To assess and report the long-term results of OPCAB surgery in a 20-year period in a Chilean Regional Cardiac Surgery Center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the medical records and surgical protocols of 1353 patients aged 61.3 ± 6.5 years, (69% males) subjected to OPCAB between June 1999 and December 2019. RESULTS: Thirty-four percent of patients presented with unstable angina. On angiography, the left main coronary artery had a proximal obstruction in 15% of patients. Thirty five percent presented with a myocardial infarction of different territories. Thirty percent of patients were managed previously with angioplasty. Preoperative left ventricular function was 45.3% (30-65%). The mean surgical risk Euroscore was 2.84. The mean number of bypasses was 2.7 ± 0.63. 2.6%. Conversion to on pump technique was required in 2.6% of patients. Operative mortality was 2%, myocardial infarction occurred in 3.4%, a new revascularization procedure was required in 2.3% and 2.4% of patients had a stroke. Long term follow up was complete in most patients and 93% are in NHYA functional capacity I. Actuarial survival was 100, 98, 89, 75 and 66% at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 years. Actuarial combined cardiovascular events free survival was 100, 98, 87, 68 and 51% at 1,5,10, 15 and 20 years. CONCLUSIONS: OPCAB surgery is a safe surgical technique, with an excellent bypass durability and permeability. It also provides a prolonged time free from cardiac events such as mortality, angina, myocardial infarction, and freedom from a new coronary procedure.

Management strategy of iliac artery difficulty in abdominal aortic aneurysm endovascular repair / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To explore the strategies for the treatment of difficult iliac artery approach in endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.Methods:The clinical data of 275 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm who underwent endovascular surgery at the Department of Vascular Surgery, People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from March 2010 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and the general clinical data such as age, gender, and comorbidities of the patients were recorded. The resource index was to carry out corresponding measures to perform surgery for patients with difficult access, analyze the incidence of the type of difficult access, treatment measures and effects.Results:Two hundred and seventy-five patients underwent endovascular repair, 78 of them (28.3%) had difficulty in accessing the iliac artery, including 29 cases (10.5%) with mild iliac artery stenosis, 7 cases (2.54%) with severe stenosis, and 3 cases with occlusion ( 1.09%), 39 cases (14.2%) were twisted. For patients with vascular twist, super-hard guide wire was used to correct iliac artery angulation. For patients with iliac artery stenosis, balloon dilation was performed. For severe stenosis, the artificial blood vessel was passed through the lateral peritoneum. After road transplantation, stent placement and other treatments were successfully performed endovascular repair.Conclusions:Pathway vascular disease can cause difficulties in endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Endovascular repair can be successfully performed after corresponding treatments according to different difficulties, and the long-term patency rate is good.

Risk factors for postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To identify the risk factors for postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG).Methods:The medical records of patients who underwent elective OPCABG from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020 from the Heart Center of Henan Provincial People′s Hospital, were retrospectively collected.The patient′s gender, age, body mass index, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, history of hyperlipidemia, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of cerebrovascular disease, history of myocardial infarction, New York Heart Association classification of cardiac function, Killip classification, values of last left ventricular ejection fraction measured by transthoracic echocardiography before operation, glycosylated hemoglobin, glucose and serum creatinine, duration of operation, intraoperative fluid intake and output such as red blood cell infusion, crystal fluid, colloid fluid, autologous blood, blood loss and urine volume, intraoperative hypotension, perioperative maximal blood glucose difference (MGD) and serum creatinine concentrations within 48 h and 7 days were recorded.Postoperative AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria and the patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group according to whether AKI occurred after surgery.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for AKI after OPCABG.Results:A total of 1 203 patients were included in this study, and the incidence of AKI after OPCABG was 28.1%.Logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index, history of hypertension and perioperative MGD were risk factors for AKI after OPCABG ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Body mass index, history of hypertension and perioperative MGD are risk factors for AKI after OPCABG.

Effects of thoracic paravertebral block on graft patency in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effects of thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) on graft patency in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.Methods:Fifty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients, aged 60-75 yr, weighing 50-80 kg, undergoing elective off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting under combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups using a random number table method: control group (group C, n=30) and TPVB group (group T, n=20). In group T, TPVB was performed at T 4, 5 interspace under the guidance of ultrasound, a test dose of 1% lidocaine 5 ml was injected on both sides, and 2 min later 0.375% ropivacaine 15 ml was injected.According to the anatomy of coronary artery, the graft was divided into 4 parts: left internal thoracic artery-anterior descending branch (arterial graft), the middle branch or the first diagonal branch, blunt marginal branche, and right posterior descending branch or left ventricular posterior branch.The blood flow was measured and pulsatility index was calculated after graft transplantation.Central venous pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac output, systemic resistance index and pulmonary resistance index were recorded immediately after placement of floating catheter (T 1), immediately after sawing sternum (T 2), immediately after anastomosis of all grafts (T 3) and 5 min before leaving the room (T 4). The intraoperative cardiovascular adverse events and consumption of sufentanil were recorded. Results:Compared with group G, central venous pressure, systemic resistance index and pulmonary resistance index were significantly decreased, cardiac output were increased, the incidence of intraoperative tachycardia was decreased, the incidence of hypotension was increased, the consumption of sufentanil was reduced, the flow of left internal thoracic artery-anterior descending branch was increased, and the pulsatility index was decreased at T 3 and T 4 in group T ( P<0.05). Conclusion:TPVB can improve the patency of left internal thoracic artery-anterior descending branch in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

Analysis of influencing factors of graft stenosis after left internal mammary artery-left anterior descending coronary artery bypass grafting / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of postoperative graft stenosis in patients undergoing left internal mammary artery-left anterior descending branch (LIMA-LAD) coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 86 patients who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College and received coronary angiography after CABG surgery from July 2019 to December 2020 due to recurrent chest tightness, chest pain and other symptoms. According to the degree of stenosis of the LIMA-LAD graft, the patients were divided into stenosis group ( n=25) and non-stenosis group ( n=61). The graft stenosis of patients in the stenosis group was ≥50%, and the graft stenosis of patients in the non-stenotic group was less than 50%. The general information, past medical history, CABG intraoperative data, current visit data and biochemical indicators of the two groups were compared. Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( Mean± SD), comparison between groups was by t-test; count data comparison between groups was by Chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen out the influencing factors of graft stenosis after CABG. Use the rms package in the R 4.0.2 software to build a nomogram prediction model. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the discriminative degree of the model. Use the calibration curve and deviation correction C-index to evaluate the nomogram prediction model. Use X-tile software to obtain the cutoff value of the nomogram model integral, use Kaplan-Meier method to draw the survival curve, and use Log-rank to test. Results:Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, hypertension, pre-CABG left anterior descending branch (LAD) stenosis <75%, pre-CABG left internal mammary artery (LIMA) blood flow, and coronary angiography diffuse lesions are independent risk factors that affect LIMA-LAD graft stenosis after CABG ( P<0.05). The C-index value predicted by the nomogram model was 0.879 (95% CI: 0.818-0.955, P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.712 (95% CI: 0.594-0.801, P<0.001), with good discrimination. The calibration curve shows that the accuracy of the model prediction was good. Through the X-tile software screening to obtain the model score cutoff value, the patients were divided into low-risk group (≤54 points), medium-risk group (>54 points and ≤112 points), and high-risk group (>112 points). The results of survival analysis showed that the incidence of postoperative graft stenosis in the three groups was 20.9%, 50.0% and 80.0%, respectively. Conclusions:Smoking, hypertension, LAD stenosis before CABG <75%, LIMA blood flow before CABG, and coronary angiography diffuse lessions are independent risk factors that affect LIMA-LAD graft stenosis after CABG. The construction of a nomogram prediction model can provide a reference for evaluating the patency of the LIMA-LAD graft vessel before CABG operation, and reduce the probability of LIMA-LAD graft vessel stenosis after CABG operation.

Cardiac output values and correlation of renal injury with neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels in off-pump coronary artery bypass patients

Abstract Objective: To investigate the correlation between cardiac output values and renal neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels as a biomarker of renal ischemia. Methods: Forty patients, who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery and in whom the positioning of the heart was fixed with simple suspension sutures without a mechanical stabilizer, were included in the study. Continuous cardiac output (CO) measurements were recorded using the arterial pressure waveform analysis method (FloTrac sensor system) in the perioperative period. CO was recorded every minute during non-anatomical cardiac positioning for left anterior descending artery (LAD), diagonal artery (D), circumflex artery (Cx), and right coronary artery (RCA) bypasses. Serum NGAL samples were analyzed in the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative periods. Results: The CO values measured at various non-anatomical cardiac positions during distal anastomosis for LAD, D, Cx, and RCA were significantly lower than pre- and postoperative values measured with the heart in normal anatomical position (3.45±0.78, 2.9±0.71, 3.11±0.56, 3.19±0.81, 5.03±1.4, and 4.85±0.78, respectively, P=0.008). There was no significant difference between CO values measured at various non-anatomical cardiac positions during distal anastomosis. Although there was no significant correlation between NGAL levels and age, duration of surgery, preoperative CO, D-CO, RCA-CO, and postoperative CO measurements, there was a significant correlation between NGAL levels and LAD-CO (P=0.044) and Cx-CO (P=0.018) at the postoperative 12th hour. Conclusion: Full revascularization may be achieved by employing the OPCAB technique while using simple suspension sutures without a mechanical stabilizer and by providing safe CO levels and low risk of renal ischemia.

Effect of age on clinical outcomes following on-/off-pump coronary artery bypass: meta-analysis and meta-regression

Abstract Objective: There is currently much debate about which patients would benefit more after on- or off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The aim of this meta-analysis and meta-regression is to investigate the effect of age on short-term clinical outcomes after these approaches. Methods: To identify potential studies, systematic searches were carried out in the Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The search strategy included the key concepts of "cardiopulmonary bypass" AND "coronary artery bypass grafting" AND "off pump" OR "on pump". This was followed by a meta-analysis and meta-regression investigating the effect of age on the incidences of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and mortality. Results: Thirty-seven studies including 15,324 participants were analysed. Overall, there was a significant odds reduction for patients receiving off-pump CABG suffering a stroke (odds ratio [OR] 0.770, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.594, 0.998, P=0.048); however, when patients were subdivided according to different age bands, this difference disappeared. There were also no significant differences in the odds of mortality (OR 0.876, 95% CI 0.703, 1.093, P=0.241) or MI (OR 0.937, 95% CI 0.795, 1.105, P=0.439). Meta-regression analysis revealed no significant relationship between age and stroke (P=0.652), age and mortality (P=548), and age and MI (P=0.464). Conclusion: Patients undergoing CABG are becoming older and may suffer from multiple comorbidities increasing their risk profile. However, with respect to short-term clinical outcomes, the patient's age does not help in determining whether off- or on-pump is superior.

Left ventricular dissecting hematoma caused by tissue stabilizer

Abstract Coronary artery bypass grafting is a commonly performed procedure for coronary revascularization. We describe the successful management of left ventricular dissecting hematoma, caused by the tissue stabilizer, while performing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft procedure.

Surgical treatment for left main coronary artery stenosis in patients of advanced age / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the clinical efficacy of coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)in patients of advanced age with left main coronary artery disease(LMCAD).@*Methods@#From 2005 to 2014, 101 elderly patients(≥80 years)with LMCAD underwent off-pump CABG in our hospital.Among them, 82 were male and 19 were female, with an average age of(81.4±1.7)years.Seventy-six cases(75.2%)had significant left main stenosis(≥70%)and twenty-five cases had left main stenosis less than 70%.The average left ventricular end diastolic diameter was(48.2±8.3)cm; left ventricular ejection fraction was more than 50% in 89 cases and 30% to 50% in 12 cases.Fourteen cases had mitral insufficiency and one had ventricular aneurysm.In addition, 56 patients had New York Heart Association functional classification Ⅰ to Ⅱ, and 45 patients had classification Ⅲ to Ⅳ.Ninety-nine patients had Canadian Vascular Society(CCS)classification of angina pectoris Ⅰto Ⅲ, two had classification Ⅳ and thirteen had acute myocardial infarction.Six patients were implanted with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation before CABG.@*Results@#The average operation time was(3.9±0.8)h, the average number of bridging vessels were(3.0±1.0)roots, ICU monitoring time was(50.2±46.0)h, and ventilator assisted breathing time was(42.9±68.5)h.Six patients(5.9%)had secondary thoracotomy hemostasis, five(4.9%)had secondary tracheal intubation, and four(4.0%)had continuous dialysis.Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation was implanted in 3cases(2.9%)during operation and in 11 cases(10.9%)after operation.Two cases(2.0%)had perioperative myocardial infarction and 8 cases(7.9%)died after operation during hospitalization.The median follow-up time was 6(1-11)years, and 17(16.8%)had all-cause mortality.@*Conclusions@#Although the two independent high-risk factors, old age and left main stenosis often coexist, off-pump CABG and perioperative management are still safe and effective treatments.

Surgical treatment for left main coronary artery stenosis in patients of advanced age / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)in patients of advanced age with left main coronary artery disease(LMCAD).Methods From 2005 to 2014,101 elderly patients (≥ 80 years)with LMCAD underwent off-pump CABG in our hospital.Among them,82 were male and 19 were female,with an average age of(81.4 ± 1.7)years.Seventy-six cases(75.2 ％) had significant left main stenosis (≥ 70 ％) and twenty-five cases had left main stenosis less than 70％.The average left ventricular end diastolic diameter was(48.2 ± 8.3) cm;left ventricular ejection fraction was more than 50％ in 89 cases and 30％ to 50/％ in 12 cases.Fourteen cases had mitral insufficiency and one had ventricular aneurysm.In addition,56 patients had New York Heart Association functional classification Ⅰ to Ⅱ,and 45 patients had classification]] to Ⅳ.Ninety-nine patients had Canadian Vascular Society(CCS)classification of angina pectoris Ⅰ to Ⅲll,two had classification Ⅳ and thirteen had acute myocardial infarction.Six patients were implanted with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation before CABG.Results The average operation time was(3.9 ± 0.8) h,the average number of bridging vessels were (3,0 ± 1.0) roots,ICU monitoring time was(50.2 ± 46.0) h,and ventilator assisted breathing time was (42.9 ± 68.5) h.Six patients (5.9 ％) had secondary thoracotomy hemostasis,five(4.9 ％) had secondary tracheal intubation,and four(4.0 ％)had continuous dialysis.Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation was implanted in 3cases (2.9 ％) during operation and in 11 cases(10.9 ％) after operation.Two cases (2.0 ％) had perioperative myocardial infarction and 8 cases (7.9％) died after operation during hospitalization.The median follow-up time was 6(1-11)years,and 17(16.8％)had all-cause mortality.Conclusions Although the two independent high-risk factors,old age and left main stenosis often coexist,off-pump CABG and perioperative management are still safe and effective treatments.