Factores pronósticos de síndrome cardio-pulmonar y muerte por hantavirus Andes Sur: estudio de cohorte en San Carlos de Bariloche y su zona de influencia sanitaria / Prognostic factors for cardio-pulmonary syndrome and death by hantavirus Andes Sur: cohort study in San Carlos de Bariloche and health influence área

Resumen Las infecciones por hantavirus, ocurren a través de la inhalación de aerosoles provenientes de excretas de roedores infectados. Estos virus causan síndrome cardiopulmonar en el caso de la variante Andes Sur, con una mortalidad que puede alcanzar el 50%. Se presenta como casos esporádicos o en pequeños conglomerados, en los que predomina el contagio interhumano. En este estudio observacional de tipo cohorte histórica, en personas infectadas con hantavirus Andes Sur durante los años 2009 a 2019 que fueron asistidas en el subsector público de salud de San Carlos de Bariloche(Argentina), se buscó identificar factores que pudieran predecir mala evolución (síndrome cardiopulmonar y muerte). Para ello se caracterizó el riesgo para cada una de las variables y, para obtener información clave sobre las relaciones entre las mismas, se aplicó además un análisis de correspondencias múltiples. Durante el período de estudio, 38 personas fueron incluidas. La edad media fue de 35 años. Se sospechó contagio de persona a persona en 10/38 (26.8%) casos. El 21.1% (8/28) tuvo al momento del diagnóstico un síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus. Mientras que, 55.3% (21/38) lo desarrolló durante su evolución y 44.7% (17/38) de los infectados fallecieron durante la internación. La edad mayor a 15 años y la plaquetopenia, se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de progresión clínica, mientras que las formas de leves o las personas asintomáticas, el contagio persona a persona o durante un brote epidemiológico, se asociaron con un menor riesgo de muerte.

Abstract Hantavirus infections occur through the inhalation of aerosols from the excreta of infected rodents. These viruses cause a cardiopulmonary syn drome in the case of the Andes Sur variant, with a mortality that can reach 50%. It occurs in sporadic cases or in small clusters, in which interhuman contagion predominates. In this historical cohort-type observational study, in people infected with Andes Sur hantavirus during the years 2009 to 2019 who was assisted in the public health subsector of San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina), it was sought to identify factors that could predict poor evolution (cardiopulmonary syndrome and death). For this, the risk for each of the variables was characterized and, to obtain key information about the relationships between them, a multiple correspondence analysis was also applied. During the study period, 38 people were included. The mean age was 35 years. Person-to-person contagion was suspected in 10/38 (26.8%) cases. 21.1% (8/28) presented a hantavirus pulmonary syndrome at the time of diagnosis, while 55.3% (21/38) developed it during their evolution, and 44.7% (17/38) of those infected died during hospitalization. Age over 15 years and thrombocytopenia were associated with a higher risk of clinical progression, while mild forms or asymptomatic people, person-to-person transmission, or during an epidemiological outbreak, were associated with a lower risk of death.

GNI PER CAPITA AND HAPPY PLANET INDEX - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ACROSS DIFFERENT COUNTRY GROUPS

In order to assess the well-being of a country and to make comparative analysis across countries, Gross National Income (GNI) per capita is the most commonly and frequently used indicator of well-being. Apart from that, this paper discusses another well-being marker: Happy Planet Index (HPI) which is relatively new in its kind with a view of incorporating higher degree of subjectivity. For the purpose of establishing correspondence (if any) between these well-being indicators, a large number of countries are considered and grouped accordingly

Study on related factors and effect relationship of hyperuricemia in health check-up participants / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of hyperuricemia(HUA) and explore early intervention of metabolic diseases.Methods:A total of 70 523 participants were selected from the database of check-ups in 2016. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to identify related factors of HUA. Correspondence analysis was performed for the aggregation of different levels of uric acid(UA) and related factors. The mediating effect of mean blood pressure(MBP) between abnormal metabolic indicators and abnormal renal function was tested.Results:The age, sex, occupation, body mass index(BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine(Cr), estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), total cholesterol(TC), triacylglycerol(TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, plasma viscosity were significantly related to HUA( P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that youth, male, hypertension, TC, TG, and Cr were risk factors for HUA, while HDL-C was a protective factor for HUA( P<0.001). Correspondence analysis showed that during the gradual increase of UA, TC was the first to appear abnormal, followed by hypertension and TG, and the increase of Cr appeared last. Mediating effect showed that in changes of UA, the mediating effects of MBP on TC, TG, and HDL-C were 36.35%, 12.63%, and 9.41%, respectively. In changes of eGFR, the mediating effects of MBP on TC, TG and HDL-C were 30.20%, 27.70%, and 6.13%, respectively. Conclusions:UA is positively correlated with blood pressure, TC, and TG, and inversely with HDL-C. TC and TG have an impact on renal impairment, in which MBP plays a mediating role.

Evaluación de la variabilidad fenotípica en Simarouba amara Aubl., mediante descriptores cualitativos y cuantitativos / Assessment of phenotypic variability in Simarouba amara Aubl., through qualitative and quantitative descriptors / Avaliação da variabilidade fenotípica em Simarouba amara Aubl.,usando descritores qualitativos e quantitativos

Resumen Dentro de las estrategias de evaluación de especies forestales nativas por parte de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, se encuentra la caracterización fenotípica. Con el propósito de validar el uso de descriptores morfológicos y determinar la variabilidad fenotípica de la colección de trabajo del Centro de Investigación La Libertad ubicado en el piedemonte llanero (Villavicencio, Meta); se evaluaron 121 individuos de machaco (Simarouba amara Aubl.) de 6.2 años de edad, por medio de 34 descriptores de planta, hoja y fruto. Los datos cualitativos y cuantitativos se analizaron mediante análisis de correspondencias múltiples y análisis de componentes principales respectivamente, con el fin de reducir la dimensionalidad de los datos, seguido de análisis de conglomerados, utilizando el algoritmo de WARD para el agrupamiento de los individuos. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron identificar que el volumen de tronco presentó la mayor variabilidad (31.13%) y las variables cuantitativas asociadas al tamaño y diámetro de la copa, diámetro de fuste, volumen del tronco, longitud y ancho de la hoja, altura total y de copa presentaron las mayores correlaciones con los tres primeros componentes principales (57.82%). Se obtuvieron nueve conglomerados que reúnen el 95.73% de la variabilidad original y en los cuales se encontraron individuos potencialmente útiles con fines maderables, arboricultura y sistemas agroforestales. La forma del fuste, la altura de ramificación y de bifurcación, el tipo de corteza y el hábito de fructificación presentaron mínima variación en los individuos, contrario a la rectitud del fuste y la forma de la copa.

Abstract Phenotyping is one of the strategies used by Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA) for evaluating native forest species. One hundred and twenty-one 6.2 year-old mountain damson/stavewood/bitterwood/paradise trees (Simarouba amara Aubl. commonly known as machaco in Colombia) were evaluated using 34 plant, leaf and fruit descriptors to validate the use of morphological descriptors and determine the phenotype variability of AGROSAVIA's La Libertad Research Centre's working collection. The centre is located in the foothills of Colombia's eastern plains (Villavicencio, Meta). Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was used for analysing qualitative data and principal component analysis (PCA) for +data to reduce dataset dimensionality; this was followed by cluster analysis, using Ward's method (minimum variance method or Ward's minimum - agglomerative algorithm) for hierarchical cluster analysis for grouping the trees. The results led to identifying that the wood volume descriptor had the greatest variability (31.13%) and the quantitative variables associated with crown size and diameter, stem diameter, trunk volume, leaf length and width, total and crown height had the greatest correlation with the first three components (57.82%). Nine clusters were obtained (accounting for 95.73% of original variability) and in which trees were found for timber, arboriculture and agroforestry system purposes. The trees' stem shape, branch height and bifurcation, the type of bark and fruiting habits had minimum variation, contrary to the that found regarding stem straightness and crown shape.

Resumo Dentro das estratégias de avaliação de espécies florestais nativas pela Colombian Agricultural Research Corporation - AGROSAVIA, está a caracterização fenotípica. A fim de validar o uso de descritores morfológicos e determinar a variabilidade fenotípica da coleção de trabalhos do Centro de Pesquisa La Libertad localizado no sopé da planície, (Villavicencio, Meta); 121 indivíduos de machaco (Simarouba amara Aubl.) de 6,2 anos de idade foram avaliados por meio de 34 descritores de planta, folha e fruto. Os dados qualitativos e quantitativos foram analisados por meio da análise de correspondência múltipla e da análise de componentes principais, respectivamente, a fim de reduzir a dimensionalidade dos dados, seguida da análise de cluster, por meio do algoritmo WARD, para agrupamento dos indivíduos. Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar que o volume do tronco apresentou a maior variabilidade (31,13%) e as variáveis quantitativas associadas ao tamanho e diâmetro da copa, diâmetro do caule, volume do tronco, comprimento e largura da folha, total a altura e a copa apresentaram as maiores correlações com os três primeiros componentes principais (57,82%). Foram obtidos nove aglomerados que atendem a 95,73% da variabilidade original e nos quais foram encontrados indivíduos potencialmente úteis para fins madeireiros, arboricultura e sistemas agroflorestais. O formato do caule, a altura da ramificação e bifurcação, o tipo de casca e o hábito de frutificação apresentaram variação mínima nos indivíduos, ao contrário da retidão do caule e do formato da copa.

Application of Correspondence Analysis in the Analysis of Accidental Death of Chinese Residents / 法医学杂志

Objective To study the preference relation between residence, sex, age and causes of accidental death of Chinese residents. Methods In this study, 72 residence-sex-age groups and 8 causes of accidental death were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by correspondence analysis using the official statistical yearbook issued from 2014 to 2018, and the preference values were calculated. Results Among the 576 pairs of correspondences between the residence-sex-age groups and causes of accidental death, 352 pairs （61.11%） showed a preference relation （preference value>0）. In terms of residence and sex, accidental death preference among Chinese residents was higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and males were higher than females. In terms of the causes of accidental death, the overall risk of accidental mechanical asphyxia and motor vehicle accidents was the highest among all age groups of Chinese residents. In terms of age, with the increase of age, the preference value of accidental death of Chinese residents showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The comparative analysis results of the preference values of various causes of accidental death in different age groups showed that motor vehicle traffic accidents, accidental poisoning, death by crush and electric shock were more likely to occur in the working age group between 20 and 59 years old, accidental fall and fire were more likely to occur in the elderly group over 80 years old, and drowning and accidental mechanical asphyxia were more likely to occur in the minor group between 1 and 19 years old. Conclusion There are different preference relations between residence-sex-age groups and causes of accidental death in China. Therefore, effective control strategies and measures should be formulated for Chinese residents with preference for accidental death.

A comparison of the Barthel Index with functional independence measures for assessing ability in the activities of daily living after a stroke / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe the relationship between extended Barthel index (EBI) values and functional independence measures (FIMs) in quantifying the ability in the activities of daily living (ADL) of stroke survivors.Methods:Eighty-six stroke survivors′ ADL ability was assessed using the FIM and the EBI and the results were compared.Results:The inter-rater reliability (ICC) of the EBI was 0.866 and the Spearman correlation coefficient relating the EBI and FIM results was 0.972. The 4 ADL functional levels of the EBI were strongly correlated with the 8 ADL functional levels of the FIMs ( χ2=187, P≤0.001). The complete dependence and extreme dependence ratings of the FIMs (18-35 points) corresponded to the EBI′s " completely needed" . Severe and moderate dependence (36-71 points) corresponded to a lot of help needed. Mild dependence, conditional independence or very mild dependence (72-107 points) corresponded to some help needed. Basic independence and complete independence (108-126 points) corresponded to self-care. Conclusions:The EBI has high reliability and good validity, and its 4 ADL functional levels correspond well with the FIMs′ 8 ADL function levels. The EBI has good clinical applicability.

Epidemiologia e avaliação de risco associado à presença de ácaros hematófagos em galpões de granjas avícolas de postura / [Epidemiological and risk assessment associated with the presence of hematophagous mites in poultry farms]

Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a epidemiologia da presença de ácaros hematófagos em granjas de postura no estado de Minas Gerais. Foi utilizado um banco de dados secundário, com informações de 402 galpões de 42 propriedades comerciais. As variáveis utilizadas para compor o modelo de correspondência foram selecionadas por meio do teste qui-quadrado (P≤0,05). Foi construído um índice para a presença de ácaros hematófagos, considerando alguns fatores de risco. Além disso, um estudo da análise espacial foi realizado para avaliar a presença de ácaros hematófagos em Minas Gerais. Observou-se a presença de ácaros hematófagos em 48% dos galpões, sendo a de O. sylviarum de 45,5%, O. bursa de 17,4% e D. gallinae de 2,7%. Houve associação entre o índice de risco com os intervalos de remoção de fezes e com a presença ou a ausência de aves sinantrópicas. Verificou-se que granjas mais tecnificadas não utilizam acaricida em seus galpões. A presença de ácaros hematófagos foi observada na mesorregião Sul/Sudoeste de Minas Gerais e entre as mesorregiões Oeste de Minas e Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Esses resultados fornecem conhecimento sobre a epidemiologia desses ectoparasitos e podem contribuir na tomada de decisões, reduzindo os riscos de possíveis infestações em aves de postura.(AU)

This study aimed to characterize the epidemiology of the presence of hematophagous mites in posture farms in the state of Minas Gerais. Was used a secondary database with information from 402 chicken houses in 42 commercial properties. The variables used to compose the correspondence model were selected through chi-square tests (P≤0.05). A risk index was built to the presence of hematophagous mites considering some risk factors. Additionally, a study of the spatial analysis was done to evaluate the presence of hematophagous mites in Minas Gerais. Was observed the presence of hematophagous mites in 48% of chicken houses, the presence of O. sylviarum was 45.5%, O. bursa 17.4% and D. gallinae 2.7%. There was an association between the risk index with the intervals for the removal of manure and the presence or absence of synanthropic birds. It was verified that more technified farms do not use acaricide in their chicken houses. The presence of hematophagous mites was observed in the Messoregions South/Southwest of Minas Gerais and between the West and Metropolitan Mesoregion of Belo Horizonte. These results provide knowledge about the epidemiology of these ectoparasites and may contribute to decision making by reducing the risks of possible infestations in poultry.(AU)

Identification, characterization and mapping of honey bee flora of Al-Baha region of Saudi Arabia

Aim: The study aimed to identify and document major honey bee flora, their blooming seasons (floral calendar), density and frequency, beekeeping potential areas, and place radius for the major bee flora of the Al-Baha region.Methodology: To identify the honey bee flora of al-Baha region, 420 quadrates were established in different seasons and ecological zones. Plants as honey bee forages were identified through observation of the foraging of honey bees on the flowers for nectar or/and pollen. The density and frequency of each plant was calculated, density and radius maps for major honey bee plants were made using the Arc-Map. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was carried out for major honey bee plants using MVSP software. Results: The results showed that more than 550 species of flowering plants were recorded in the study areas, of which 204 plant species belonging to 58 families were identified as honey bee plants. However, only 9 species were found to be an important source of major honeys in the region. The largest number (13%) of honey bee plants was recorded for the family Asteraceae, followed by Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and Mimosaceae each with 13 (6.4%), 11 (5.4%), 11 (5.4%) and 10 (4.9%) plants, respectively. Each of the remaining families had 1 to 8 species. Interpretation: The radius maps, as well as the blooming periods of honey bee flora will guide beekeepers to move their colonies during the peak flowering periods

Socio-economic and technological typology of avocado cv. Hass farms from Antioquia (Colombia) / Tipologia socioeconômica e tecnológica do abacate cv. Granjas Hass de Antioquia (Colômbia)

ABSTRACT: A typology of avocado cv. Hass farms was constructed based on information collected from productive units in Antioquia, Colombia. The study aimed to provide key information about the farms for those involved in the design of programs and public policies directed to growers. The data were scrutinized through Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Cluster Analysis. The sample was made up of 214 growers of the crop. Quantitative and qualitative variables were employed for the MCA, which rendered 40 dimensions, out of which 16 accounted for 70% of the total inertia (variance) found in the data. These 16 dimensions were used as input for the Cluster Analysis, which provided the following results: 52%, 32% and 15% of the farms were located in Clusters 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The identified farm types can be associated to peasant (Cluster 1) and commercial (Cluster 3) agricultural schemes, plus a transition between them (Cluster 2). The most discriminating variables regarding such categorization were: farm size, farm registry at ICA (Colombian Agricultural Institute), Avocado cv. Hass yield, labor source, presence of crops other than avocado, existence of formal commercial alliances and technical assistance type. The percentage of farmers belonging to grower organizations was high in the three clusters. Growers in Clusters 3 and 2 had established formal commercial alliances which enabled them to access better sale prices for the crop. A trend towards establishing cv. Hass as a monocrop is observed, which may threaten both crop biodiversity and the food security of peasant growers.

RESUMO: Uma tipologia de fazendas produtoras de abacate cv. Hass foi realizada a partir de informações levantadas em unidades produtivas no departamento de Antioquia, Colômbia. O objetivo do estudo foi fornecer informações importantes sobre as fazendas produtoras da variedade de abacate Hass, com o intuito de apoiar a elaboração de programas e políticas públicas destinados aos produtores desta variedade. Métodos estatísticos multivariados como Análise de Correspondência Múltipla (ACM) e Análise de Clusters foram utilizados. A amostra foi composta por 214 produtores de abacate cv. Hass. Variáveis ​​categóricas de tipo quantitativo e qualitativo foram utilizadas no ACM, o que permitiu a obtenção de 40 dimensões, das quais 16 continham 70% da inércia total (variância) presente nos dados. As 16 dimensões serviram como entrada para a Análise de Clusters, a qual produziu os seguintes resultados: 52%, 32% e 15% das fazendas estiveram localizadas nos Clusters 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. Os tipos de fazendas identificados podem ser associados a esquemas de agricultura camponesa (Cluster 1), agricultura comercial (Cluster 3), e uma transição entre elas (Cluster 2). Variáveis ​​como a fonte de trabalho, a presença de culturas diferentes ao abacate, a existência de alianças comerciais formais e o tipo de assistência técnica recebida são as mais diferenciadas em relação a esta categorização. A percentagem de produtores pertencentes a organizações de produtores foi alta nos três clusters. Os produtores dos Clusters 3 e 2 estabeleceram alianças formais de negócios, o que lhes permitiu ter acesso a melhores preços de venda da cultura. Há uma tendência a estabelecer o abacate cv. Hass como uma monocultura, o que pode ameaçar tanto a diversidade da agricultura quanto a segurança alimentar dos produtores camponeses.

O uso da análise de correspondências múltiplas (ACM) na pesquisa: o auxílio da tabela de proporções condicionais / The use of multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) in research: the aid of conditional proportions table

A análise de correspondências múltiplas (ACM) é uma técnica pertinente para a psicologia, pois permite estudar associações entre diversas variáveis categóricas tais como características individuais e respostas a questionários, produzindo um mapa que permite visualizá-las. No entanto, é frequentemente mal interpretada, pois trabalha com um nível alto de dimensões, o que torna difícil verificar os dados originais. O trabalho apresenta uma técnica auxiliar para a ACM, a tabela de proporções condicionais, que apresenta as proporções das variáveis incluídas isoladamente e em relações bivariadas, possibilitando a identificação de associações e sua magnitude de modo concreto. O trabalho inclui a aplicação empírica de análise de atribuições de tarefas domésticas a homens e mulheres, proveniente de pesquisa com 958 adultos que forneceram opiniões em levantamento de dados realizado no interior do Brasil. A principal contribuição da tabela de proporções condicionais está no esforço de tornar mais acessível e precisa a utilização da ACM para pesquisadores de psicologia.

Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) is a relevant technique for psychology, since it allows the study of associations among various categorical variables such as individual characteristics or questionnaires responses, producing a map that makes it possible to visualize them. However, it is often misinterpreted as it deals with a high level of dimensions that makes it difficult to verify the original data. The paper presents an auxiliary technique for MCA, the conditional proportions table, which presents the proportions of the included variables in isolation and in bivariate relationships, enabling the identification of associations and their size in a concrete way. The paper includes an empirical application of the analysis of the attribution of domestic tasks to men and women, from a study with 958 adults who provided their opinions on a survey carried out in the Brazilian countryside. The main contribution of the conditional proportions table lies in the effort of making the use of MCA more accessible and precise for psychology researchers.

Migración sur-sur y desigualdad: alteraciones en la incorporación laboral de migrantes peruanos en la Ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, 2001-2010 / South-South migration and inequality: alterations in the labor incorporation of peruvian migrants in the City of Córdoba, Argentina, 2001-2010

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la incorporación laboral de los migrantes peruanos en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, en el periodo 2001-2010. Métodos: Se realiza análisis estadístico descriptivo en la primera fase y análisis de correspondencias múltiples en la segunda fase (ACM), ambos en perspectiva comparada con la población nativa. Resultados: los hombres aumentan la participación en la industria, tanto los nativos como los migrantes. Sin embargo, en mayor magnitud para los hombres peruanos. Las mujeres nativas ven poco alterada su estructura ocupacional en el periodo. Para las mujeres nacidas en Perú el movimiento hacia el sector de la industria también se aprecia. Sin embargo, el rasgo más destacable para este grupo es la desconcentración de la categoría más frecuente: el trabajo doméstico, en un proceso que va en dirección a diversificar el espectro de ocupaciones. Conclusiones: en relación a los migrantes peruanos, el clivaje de género presenta estabilidad como un mecanismo que explica las inserciones diferenciales, donde las mujeres persisten en ocupaciones específicas en el periodo considerado. Esto apoya la hipótesis de una incorporación segmentada para las mujeres. Sin embargo, también se observa una variación, ya que aunque la categoría más frecuente sea el trabajo doméstico en ambos momentos censales, la menor proporción de ellas allí empleadas en el 2010, indica que otras ocupaciones adquieren relevancia. En el caso de los hombres el principal rasgo es el trasvase hacia la industria.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the labor incorporation of Peruvian migrants in the city of Córdoba, Argentina, in the period 2001-2010. Methods: We use descriptive statistical analysis in the first step and analysis of multiple correspondences in the second step (MCA), both in comparative perspective with the native population. Results: men increase participation in the industry, both natives and migrants. However, the magnitude is greater for Peruvian men. For native women, the change in the occupational structure is small. For women born in Peru the movement towards the industry sector is also appreciated. However, the most remarkable feature for this group is the scattering of the most frequent category: domestic work, in a process that goes in the direction of diversifying the spectrum of occupations. Conclusions: in relation to Peruvian migrants, gender cleavage presents stability as a mechanism that explains differential incorporation, where women persist in specific occupations in the period considered. This supports the hypothesis of a segmented incorporation for women. However, there is also a variation, since although the most frequent category is domestic work in both census periods, the lower proportion of them employed there in 2010 indicates that other occupations acquire relevance. In the case of men, the main feature is the transfer to industry.

Epidemiological characterization and risk evaluation associated with the presence of Phthirapterain poultry farms from Minas Gerais, Brazil

Phthirapteraare lice highly adapted to living as permanent and obligatory ectoparasites of birds and mammals. High infestations by biting lice contribute to the low productivity, loss quality of the eggs, besides weight decrease of chickens. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and to characterize the risks involved with the presence of biting lice in laying chicken from Minas Gerais, Brazil, throught a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). A secondary database with information regarding 402 chicken houses from 42 properties of laying hens from the same region was used and adapted for this study. The variables that composed the correspondence model were selected through Chi-square tests (p ≤ 0.05). A risk index was designed to relate the presence of biting lice out of variables such as risk factors related to the presence of these ectoparasites. The MCA graphic designed to conduct the epidemiological characterization of the presence of biting lice presented a Chi-square accumulated value of 53.59%. There was an association between the risk index and the synanthropic birds, subsistence hens, presence of lice and other ectoparasites in shelters and ectoparasites control. These results provide knowledge about the Phthirapteraepidemiology. Besides that, this information may contribute to the decision-making process in order to reduce the risk of possible infestations in poultry farms and the negative effects of the infestations.

Screening for common mental disorders using the SRQ-20 in Brazil: what are the alternative strategies for analysis?

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) assessed with the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), using the established cutoff point, and comparing it with the results of a joint correspondence factor analysis (CFA) and cluster analysis and of a latent class analysis (LCA). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in an urban sample of 1,095 women aged 19 to 55 years. Joint CFA-cluster analysis and LCA were used. Results: We found a high prevalence of CMD, regardless of classification method (37.6% when using the cutoff point; 44.4% and 52% for LCA and joint CFA-cluster, respectively). The alternative analysis strategies describe the cases more efficiently when compared to the traditional cutoff method, especially regarding more severe symptoms. Both alternative strategies also provide a description of the SRQ-20 dimensions in their particularities, which may be useful for the planning and implementation of specific actions in a given population. Conclusion: The SRQ-20 cutoff point seems to underestimate the magnitude of CMD among women. The alternative methods of analysis presented herein highlight the different possibilities of using this important instrument of screening for mental health.

Caracterización de la deserción en la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia durante el período 2008-2015 / Characterization of dropout in the Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia during the period 2008-2015 / Caracterização da deserção na Universidade Pedagógica e Tecnológica da Colômbia durante o período 2008-2015

Resumen Introducción: Las instituciones de Educación Superior deben evidenciar seguimiento a la deserción, la permanencia, la graduación y, en general, a cualquier estado que presenten los estudiantes, resultados que apoyarán la toma de decisiones y la propuesta de nuevas estrategias encaminadas a mitigar las altas tasas de deserción. Objetivos: Caracterizar la trayectoria de la deserción de los estudiantes matriculados desde 2008 al primer semestre de 2015, analizando la tendencia en el tiempo de los estados de los discentes (graduados, matriculados, terminaciones académicas y desertores). Materiales y métodos: Investigación tipo descriptivo realizada a partir de los datos suministrados por el Grupo de Organización de Sistemas de la Universidad; se analiza la asociación de la deserción por medio del examen de correspondencia simple entre las pruebas SABER, con el estado, que presentan los estudiantes, y las Facultades de la UPTC, asimismo, se hace una exploración, a partir del análisis discriminante, para clasificar los estudiantes desertores y no desertores con las variables: pruebas Saber, promedio acumulado y edad. Los Resultados: Evidencian que los desertores están influenciados por bajos niveles en las Pruebas de Estado; la Facultad de Ciencias Básicas presenta la mayor tasa de deserción, y se observó que el cambio de carrera influye sobre la deserción. Conclusiones: Las instituciones deben adelantar estudios para identificar los causales de la deserción y establecer estrategias a los potenciales desertores antes que estos abandonen el sistema; en ese sentido las IES (INSTITUCIONES DE Educación Superior) deben ser facilitadoras en los procesos de permanencia y graduación teniendo en cuenta la calidad de sus egresados.

Abstract Introduction: Higher Education Institutions (HEI) should evidence follow-up on dropout, permanence, graduation, and, in general, any status presented by students, which supports decision-making and the proposal for new strategies intended to mitigate high dropout rates. Objectives: To characterize the dropout trajectory of students enrolled from 2008 to the first semester of 2015, analyzing the trend over time of the students' status (graduates, enrolled, academic terminations and deserters). Materials and methods: This is a descriptive research based on the data supplied by the Group of Systems Organization of the University. The association of desertion is analyzed by means of simple correspondences between the State High School tests (SABER tests) taken by the students and the UPTC faculties. Likewise, and exploratory analysis is made based on the discriminant analysis to classify dropout and non-dropout students with the variables: SABER tests, cumulative GPA and age. The Results: Show that dropout students are influenced by low scores on the SABER Test, that the Basic Sciences Faculty has the highest dropout rate, and that change of study program influences dropping out. Conclusions: Institutions should conduct studies to identify the causes of desertion and establish strategies for potential deserters before they leave the system; in that sense, HEI should be facilitators in the processes of permanence and graduation taking into account the quality of their graduates.

Resumo Introdução: As instituições de educação superior deveriam comprovar perseguição à deserção, a permanência, a graduação e em geral qualquer estado que os estudantes apresentam, resultados que eles apoiaram a tomada de decisões e a proposta de estratégias novas guiou para mitigar as taxas de deserção universitária. Objetivos: Caracterizar a trajetória da deserção dos estudantes registrada de 2008 ao primeiro semestre de 2015 analisando a tendência no tempo dos estados dos alunos (graduados, matriculados, finanças acadêmicas e desertores). Materiais e métodos: Uma pesquisa de tipo descritivo, com base nos dados fornecidos pelo Grupo de Organização do Sistema da Universidade, analisa a associação de atrito por meio da análise de correspondências simples entre os testes SABER e o status apresentado pelos alunos. A faculdade, do mesmo modo, é feito um analise exploratório a partir do análise discriminante para classificar os alunos que abandonam e não abandonados com as variáveis: testes de conhecimento, média acumulada e idade. Os Resultados: Mostram que os desertores são influenciados pelos baixos níveis nos Testes Estaduais, a Escola de Ciências Básicas tem o maior índice de evasão, observou-se que a mudança de carreira influencia a deserção. Conclusões: As instituições devem realizar estudos para identificar as causas da deserção, estabelecer estratégias para desertores potenciais antes de sair do sistema, neste sentido, os IES devem ser facilitadores nos processos de permanência e graduação levando em consideração a qualidade de seus graduados.

An Analysis of the Masking Curves and Residual Inhibition Effects of Tinnitus Patients at Different Age with Less Severe Hearing Loss / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the relationships between tinnitus masking curve types and tinnitus re-sidual inhibition in the patients at different ages with normal hearing ,mild ,moderate severe hearing loss .Methods The minimum masking levels and residual inhibition of 335 patients with normal hearing ,mild to medium ,and mod-erate to severe hearing loss were tested and analyzed using the method of psychological acoustics .Results Ages and the duration of residual inhibition had a corresponding relationship :the 19～30 years old group had corresponding relations with 0～40 seconds of residual inhibition ,while the 31～50 years old group with 81～100 seconds of resid-ual inhibition ,and the 50～63 years old group with 101～200 seconds of residual inhibition ,respectively .The 31～50 years old group and 51％ ～80％ residual inhibition had a corresponding relationship ;0％ ～30％ residual inhibi-tion group and parallel type of tinnitus masking curves had a corresponding relationship ,31％ ～50％ residual inhibi-tion group and separation type of the tinnitus masking curves had a corresponding relationship ,the groups of 51％ ～80％ and 81％ ～100％ residual inhibition with the types of convergent and overlapping tinnitus masking curves had corresponding relationship ,respectively .Conclusion There were different characteristics of tinnitus masking patients at different ages with different levels of hearing loss .The older people are ,the better effects and longer time of residual inhibition are .Those tinnitus patients with the tinnitus masking curve of convergent type and overlapping type showed a better tinnitus masking effect than the others .

Compatible principles of Xiebai decoction family based on complex network analysis / 中国中药杂志

In order to explore the compatible principles of Xiebai decoction family, formulae from ancient and modern Xiebai decoction family were collected and sorted in this study. The compatible characteristics, core herbs, as well as the relativity of herbs nature in Xiebai decoction family were analyzed based on scale free network and other data-mining methods such as association rules, clustering analysis and correspondence analysis. The scale free network results showed that in Xiebai decoction family, Mori Cortex-Lycii Cortex-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma was used as the core compatible group and formed the complicated compatible network with other additional herbs; association rules results showed that the core herbs in such formulae included Mori Cortex, Lycii Cortex, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, scutellaria root, Platycodon root, Anemarrhena, and almond, which formed corresponding herbal pairs and compatibility; clustering analysis showed that Mori Cortex was the core herb in Xiebai decoction family, and Mori Cortex-Lycii Cortex-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma was its main combination unit, which was always compatible with herbs of clearing heat, reducing phlegm, supplementing Qi and nourishing Yin to form the series prescriptions. The results indicated that the core compatibility features of Xiebai decoction family were clearing heat in lung and relieving cough and asthma, providing a basis for the clinical application of Xiebai decoction family.

Epidemiological characterization and risk evaluation associated with the presence of Megninia spp. in posture farms / Caracterização epidemiológica e avaliação de risco associados à presença de Megninia spp. em granjas de postura

ABSTRACT: This study was accomplished with the aim to evaluate and to characterize the risks for the presence of Megninia spp. in poultry farms from Minas Gerais, using for that Correspondence Analysis (CA). A secondary database was used and adapted for this study, with information from 402 chicken houses of 42 laying hens commercial properties. Variables used to compose the correspondence model were selected through tests of Qui-square being considered the significant result of P≤0,05. A risk index was built to the presence of Megninia spp. starting from variables considered as risk factors for the presence of those ectoparasites. The CA graph produced for the epidemiological characterization of the presence of Megninia spp. presented an accumulated qui-square value of 58,55%. There was an association of the risk index with the age ranges of the poultry, among the presence Megninia spp. and the use of mineral oil and acaricide in the ration and; finally, an association between the ruddy ground-dove (Columbina talpacoti) presence and the absence of mites of the Megninia genus. The results supply knowledge on the epidemiology of Megninia spp. In addition, these information can contribute in the decision, reducing the risks of possible infestations in poultry farms and the negative effects of that parasitism.

RESUMO: Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar e caracterizar os riscos para a presença de Megninia spp. em galpões de granjas de postura de Minas Gerais, utilizando para isso Análise de Correspondência (AC). Foi utilizado um banco de dados secundário e adaptado para este estudo, com informações de 402 galpões de 42 propriedades comerciais de galinhas poedeiras. As variáveis utilizadas para compor o modelo de correspondência foram selecionadas através de testes de Qui-quadrado (P≤0,05). Foi construído um índice de risco para a presença de Megninia spp. a partir de variáveis consideradas como fatores de risco para a presença desses ectoparasitos. O gráfico da AC produzido para a caracterização epidemiológica da presença de Megninia spp. apresentou um valor de qui-quadrado acumulado de 58,55%. Observa-se que houve uma associação do índice de risco com a faixa de idades das aves, entre a presença Megninia spp. e a utilização de óleo mineral e de acaricida na ração e, por último, uma associação entre a presença de rolinhas (Columbina talpacoti) e a ausência de ácaros do gênero Megninia. Estes resultados fornecem conhecimento sobre a epidemiologia de Megninia spp. Além disso, estas informações poderão contribuir na tomada de decisão diminuindo os riscos de possíveis infestações nos plantéis e dos efeitos negativos decorrentes por esse parasitismo.

Effect of nutrients on total lipid content and fatty acids profile of Scenedesmus obliquus

ABSTRACT The effect of nutrients on the total lipid content and fatty acid profile of Scenedesmus obliquus isolated from the south coast of the Caspian Sea was evaluated. The nutritional compositions of the media impacted the growth rate and biomass of S. obliquus that ranged from 0.175 day-1 to 0.209 day-1and 0.92 gr·l-1 to 1.79 gr·l-1, respectively. The alga grew better in the medium which was characterized by higher levels of sodium and trace elements such as Fe, Mn, Mo, and Co and poor in N and P as compared with the other media. The highest level of the total lipid (32%) and the highest values of saturated fatty acids, in particular palmitic acid also were positively correlated with these nutrients. Peaks in polyunsaturated fatty acids (43.7 %), especially α-linolenic acid (28.4%) were related to N and P, but its correlation with K and Mg was more evident. The most important factors correlated with high amount of monounsaturated fatty acids were also N and P, followed by K and Mg to a lesser extent. This study demonstrated that the same algal strain may be a source of different amount of fatty acids, depending on the composition of the culture medium.

Factores asociados a la disposición por el teletrabajo entre docentes universitarios / Factors associated with the disposition for telework amon university teachers

Son múltiples los beneficios reportados alrededor del mundo con referencia a la adopción del teletrabajo, y es ampliamente recomendada su implementación para actividades relacionadas con la gestión del conocimiento y la información. Pero es muy escasa la investigación adelantada al respecto en el sector educativo. La presente investigación se propuso determinar qué factores inciden con la disposición hacia la adopción del teletrabajo entre profesores universitarios. Se aplicó una encuesta entre 118 profesores de universidades públicas y privadas del sector del Eje Cafetero-Colombia en donde se recolectó información relacionada con aspectos individuales, actividades tele-trabajables, percepción y actitud hacia el uso de TIC, aptitud para el manejo de TIC, y aspectos relacionados con su entorno laboral. Se aplicaron pruebas de independencia, análisis de correspondencias múltiples y regresión logística. Se detecta una alta disposición hacia la adopción del teletrabajo entre profesores universitarios. Entre los factores asociados hacia el interés por teletrabajar surgen principalmente los relacionados con los aspectos aptitudinales y actitudinales hacia el uso de las TIC en las actividades laborales, mientras que por el contrario, los aspectos individuales, el entorno laboral y el tipo de actividades realizadas presentan muy poca incidencia en la disposición a teletrabajar.

Multiple benefits are reported around the world with reference to the adoption of telework, and is widely recommended its implementation in activities related to knowledge management and information. But there is little research in the education sector. This research aims to determine what factors affect the disposition towards adoption of telework among university teachers. A survey was done among 118 teachers from public and private universities of a region of Colombia where related information with individual aspects, teleworking activities, perceptions and attitudes towards the use of ICT, aptitude for the management of ICT, and aspects related to their work environment was collected. Tests of independence, multiple correspondence analysis and logistic regression were applied. A high disposition towards the adoption of telework among academics is detected. Among the factors associated to the interest in telecommuting arise primarily those related to the aptitudinal and attitudinal aspects to the use of ICT in work activities, while on the contrary, the individual aspects, the working environment and the type of activities have very little impact on the willingness to telework.

The exploration of characteristics of cancer incidence in cancer surveillance areas by correspondence analysis and cluster analysis / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose:Cancer is a major public health issue in China and worldwide, which se-riously threatens human beings as well as social and economic development. This study explored the relationships between the cancer distribution characteristics and cancer prevalences in Chinese cancer surveillance regions to provide scientific evidence for cancer prevention and management.Methods:The data were obtained from the book named“Prevalence and Mortality of Cancer in China from 2003-2007” including incidence of 23 cancer types in 32 regions of China published by the Academy of Military Medical Sciences of the Chinese PLA in 2012. Correspondence analysis was used to gain the relation between the prevalence and area distribution. Cluster analysis was used to obtain the classifications with special significance by putting the cancers or regions with similar characteristics into a cluster.Results:Esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, colorectal and anal cancer have high incidence and mortality in both genders. The districts with high incidence of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer were grouped together. The counties or cities (Shexian, Yangcheng, Linzhou, Yanting, Yangzhong and Jianhu) with high incidence of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer were classified into same cluster frequently. Fusui was grouped along because of the lower incidence of various cancers than the national average except for liver cancer. Guangzhou, Sihui and Zhongshan were the districts with high incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in both genders. Rural areas in Qidong and Haimen were classified into a cluster in male and total data for the high incidence of liver cancer. Colorectal cancer, anal cancer and breast cancer in women also had high incidence in urban areas. Cervical cancer had the second level high incidence in women following diseases of digestive system, breast cancer and lung cancer.Conclusion:Similar pathogenic factors may exist in counties or cities of Shexian, Cixian, Yangcheng,etc, because of the high prevalence of esophageal cancer. Similar pathogenic factors may also exist in other districts or cancers that were classified into the same cluster.