Coabitação durante a pandemia de covid-19: a experiência de casais jovens adultos / Cohabitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: the experience of young adult couples / La cohabitación en el transcurso de la pandemia del covid-19: la experiencia de parejas jóvenes adultas / Cohabitation pendant la pandemie de COVID-19: l'expérience de jeunes couples adultes

Resumo Este estudo qualitativo visou compreender a experiência de oito casais de adultos jovens em coabitação durante a pandemia de covid-19 e as repercussões do período na vida conjugal. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, seis presenciais e duas online, com casais heterossexuais, sem filhos, que coabitavam há menos de três anos. A análise temática reflexiva gerou três temas: desafios e dificuldades na pandemia; aproximação entre o casal; ganhos e aprendizados. Níveis aumentados de estresse, insegurança e ansiedade, sensação de sobrecarga e de privação devido às medidas de distanciamento social, dificuldades na delimitação dos espaços individuais dentro de casa e aumento nos conflitos conjugais foram os principais desafios relatados. Apesar disso, o enfrentamento colaborativo resultou em maior intimidade e no fortalecimento do vínculo conjugal, aumentando o compromisso com a relação. Tais resultados ilustram como um contexto pandêmico pode impactar relacionamentos durante o início da coabitação.

Abstract This qualitative study investigated the cohabitation experience of eight young adult couples during in the pandemic and its repercussions on marital life. Semi structured interviews were conducted, six in-person and two online, with childfree heterosexual couples living together for less than three years. The reflexive thematic analysis generated three themes: pandemic-related challenges and difficulties, couple bonding, gains and learnings. Increased levels of stress, insecurity and anxiety, a sense of of overload and deprivation due to social distancing measures, difficulties in delimiting individual spaces within the home and an increase in marital conflicts were the main challenges reported. Conversely, the ability to collaboratively cope with these challenges resulted in more intimacy and strengthened the marital bond, generating greater couple commitment. These findings illustrate how pandemics can impact relationships during the beginning of cohabitation.

Resumen Este estudio cualitativo tuvo como objetivo comprender las experiencias de ocho parejas de adultos jóvenes en cohabitación en el transcurso de la pandemia del covid-19 y sus repercusiones en la vida conyugal. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, seis presenciales y dos en línea, con parejas heterosexuales, sin hijos, que vivían en cohabitación hace menos de tres años. El análisis temático reflexivo generó tres temas: desafíos y dificultades en la pandemia, acercamiento entre la pareja, conquistas y aprendizajes. El aumento de los niveles de estrés, inseguridad y ansiedad, los sentimientos de sobrecarga y privación por las medidas de distanciamiento social, las dificultades para delimitar los espacios individuales dentro del hogar y el aumento de los conflictos conyugales fueron los principales desafíos informados. Además, afrontar estos desafíos de forma colaborativa redundó en mayor intimidad y en el fortalecimiento del vínculo conyugal, repercutiendo en el aumento del compromiso con la relación. Estos resultados muestran cómo el contexto pandémico puede impactar el comienzo de la convivencia de las relaciones de pareja.

Résumé Cette étude qualitative a examiné l'expérience de cohabitation de huit jeunes couples adultes pendant la pandémie et ses répercussions sur la vie conjugale. Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés, six face-à-face et deux en ligne, auprès de couples hétérosexuels sans enfants vivant ensemble depuis moins de trois ans. L'analyse thématique réflexive a dégagé trois thèmes: les défis et difficultés liés à la pandémie, le lien du couple, les acquis et les enseignements. Des niveaux accrus de stress, d'insécurité et d'anxiété, des sentiments de surcharge et de privation dus aux mesures de distanciation sociale, des difficultés à délimiter les espaces individuels chez eux et une augmentation des conflits conjugaux sont les principaux défis signalés. Cependant, la capacité à faire face ensemble à ces défis a permis d'accroître l'intimité et de renforcer le lien conjugal, générant ainsi un plus grand engagement du couple. Ces résultats illustrent l'impact que les pandémies peuvent avoir sur les relations au début de la cohabitation.

Sistema de Gestión Hospitalaria para la atención de la pareja infértil. Centro Territorial de Holguín, 2021

Introducción: La infertilidad es una enfermedad del sistema reproductivo que altera el equilibrio biológico, psicológico y social de las parejas. En Cuba existe un programa para el tratamiento de la pareja infértil y el Ministerio de Salud Pública incluye en sus directrices implementar las bases organizativas, sistema de trabajo, indicadores, funciones y control que garanticen el perfeccionamiento del Programa para la óptima atención de parejas infértiles, y dentro de esto se incluye confeccionar bases de datos donde se registren las parejas tratadas por este motivo. Objetivos: Implementar un Sistema de Gestión Hospitalaria para la atención de la pareja infértil, en el Centro Territorial de Holguín. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de desarrollo tecnológico, se confeccionó sobre el sistema de base de datos relacional postgreSQL, se empleó la herramienta Odoo con el objetivo de englobar en un único software todas las prestaciones que necesita la consulta. Se utilizó el lenguaje de programación Python. Resultados: SCAPI, permite gestionar la información de los pacientes y sus historias clínicas, está compuesto por módulos relacionados: configuración general, permite crear los perfiles de usuarios y los permisos para interactuar con el sistema; SCAPI muestra y gestiona toda la información relacionada con la historia clínica digital, la agenda de turnos, medios diagnósticos (estudios de reserva ovárica, espermogramas, ecografías ováricas, estudios hormonales, técnicas de baja y alta tecnología entre otros). Conclusiones: El Sistema de Gestión Hospitalaria para la atención de la pareja infértil, contribuye al objetivo de una mayor calidad de la atención al paciente pues gestiona la información de estos y sus historias clínicas de manera rápida, oportuna y fiable.

Introduction: Biological infertility is a disease of the reproductive system that alters the psychological and social balance of couples. In Cuba there is a program for the treatment of infertile women and the Ministry of Public Health includes in its guidelines to implement the organizational bases, work system, indicators, functions and control that guarantee the improvement of the Program, including databases where couples treated for this reason are registered. Objective: To implement a Hospital Management System for the infertile couple care in the Holguín Territorial Center. Methods: A study of technological development was carried out using postgre SQL relational database system, Odoo tool, and Python programming language. Results: SCAPI allows to manage the information of patients and their medical records; it is made up of modules that are related to each other: the general configuration module which allows you to create user profiles and permissions to interact with the system; the SCAPI module which shows and manages all the information related to the digital medical history, appointment schedules, and diagnostic means (ovarian reserve studies, spermograms, ovarian ultrasound, hormonal studies, low and high technology techniques, among others). Conclusions: Hospital Management System for the care of infertile couples allows managing fast, timely and reliable information on patients and their medical records during care consultations for infertile couples with the aim of achieving a higher quality of patient care.

Construcción y Validación de una Escala de Conductas de Separación de Pareja / Construction and Validation of a Scale of Couple Separation Behaviors

Resumen Las investigaciones en torno a una ruptura de pareja plantean medir las estrategias y conductas que las personas llevan a cabo para terminar sus relaciones románticas. Se propone entender la separación de pareja a partir del Modelo de Inversión de Rusbult (1979). Resulta relevante probar el modelo incluyendo elementos psicométricos que permitan comprender su validez al evaluar las conductas de separación. De esta forma el propósito de este estudio fue someter a prueba, un análisis exploratorio y confirmatorio de una escala que mida las conductas que las personas realizan para terminar su relación de pareja. Para ello se creó una escala de Conductas ante la separación de pareja a partir de un estudio exploratorio. La escala en su versión inicial contó con 50 reactivos en escala tipo Likert, aplicados en línea a 230 adultos de la Ciudad de México y Área Metropolitana. Al inicio del Análisis Factorial Exploratorio se obtuvo una escala final de 18 reactivos distribuidos en 4 factores (alejamiento, confrontación, depresión por separación e infidelidad) que explican el 68,47% de la varianza explicada con una confiabilidad de α = .871. Esta estructura fue corroborada por un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. Se encuentra una escala robusta y confiable, y se concluye que las conductas de separación evaluadas a partir del alejamiento con la expareja, que puede ser por medio de la comunicación o de ejercer conductas que transgreden como una infidelidad, afectan principalmente el estado emocional de las personas que lo viven.

Abstract Research on a couple's breakup aims to measure the strategies and behaviors that people carry out to end their romantic relationships. We propose to understand couple separation based on Rusbult's Reversal Model (1979). It is revealing to test the model including psychometric elements that allow us to understand its validity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test an exploratory and confirmatory analysis of a scale that measures the behaviors that people perform to end their relationship. The initial version of the scale had 50 items on a Likert scale, applied online to 230 adults in Mexico City and Metropolitan Area. At the beginning of the exploratory factor analysis, a final scale of 18 items distributed in 4 factors (distancing, confrontation, depression due to separation and infidelity) was obtained, explaining 68.47% of the variance explained with a reliability of α = .871. This structure was corroborated by a Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A robust and reliable scale is found, and it is concluded that the separation behaviors evaluated from the distance with the ex-partner, which can be through communication or exercising behaviors that transgress such as infidelity, mainly affect the emotional state of the people who live it.

Desarrollo de Escala sobre Celos Románticos en Redes Sociales (Facebook y Whatsapp) / Development of the Social Networking Sites (Facebook and Whatsapp) Romantic Jealousy Scale

Resumen El propósito de este trabajo fue desarrollar y validar psicométricamente una escala para medir celos románticos en Facebook y WhatsApp, asimismo se buscó evidencia de que los reactivos no tuvieran un funcionamiento diferencial por sexo mediante análisis de invarianza factorial. Se trabajó con dos grupos de participantes de la Ciudad de México, 300 para un análisis factorial exploratorio y 300 para un análisis factorial confirmatorio y prueba de invarianza. Se encontró una estructura con 24 reactivos, adecuada confiabilidad (α = .96) correcto ajuste [χ2 (246) = 433.99, p <.01; CF1 = .99; RMSEA = .05] e invarianza factorial por sexo, por lo que se concluye que la escala es confiable y válida y permite comparación por sexo sin sesgos de medición.

Abstract The purpose of this work was to develop and psychometrically validate a Scale to measure romantic jealousy on Facebook and WhatsApp, also evidence of non-differential function of the items by sex is presented in the form of a factorial invariance test. Two groups of Participants from Mexico City worked on, 300 for an exploratory factor analysis and 300 for confirmatory factor analysis and invariance testing. A structure was found with 24 items, adequate reliability (α .96) corrects fit [χ2 (246) = 433.99, p <.01; CF1 = .99; RMSEA = .05] and factorial invariance by sex, so it is concluded that the Scale is reliable, valid, and allows sex comparison by sex without bias due to measurement.

Análisis de un taller sobre intervención policial en situaciones de emergencia: debate constructivo y dialógico sobre la violencia en las relaciones de pareja heterosexual / Analysis of a workshop on police intervention in emergency situations: constructive and dialogic debate on violence in heterosexual couples / Análise de um workshop sobre intervenção policial em emergências: debate construtivo e dialógico sobre violência entre casais heterossexuais

Presentamos a continuación el análisis de la experiencia llevada a cabo en el curso de experto universitario en "Prevención de Violencia de Género", curso realizado por la Universidad de Alicante en coordinación con la Generalitat Valenciana y el Instituto Valenciano de Seguridad Pública y Emergencias (IVASPE). Dirigido a las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad (FFCCS). El objetivo es mejorar las habilidades y técnicas de comunicación en las intervenciones de emergencia por violencia en parejas heterosexuales. Nuestra experiencia se enmarca dentro de un diseño de taller de formación especializada de 10 horas de duración en el marco de la asignatura "Habilidades y técnicas de comunicación", cuyo desarrollo se basa en la capacidad que la dialéctica constructiva tiene de afrontamiento y transformación social, así como en la concepción de la violencia contra las mujeres como un atentado contra los derechos humanos y la pertinencia de las habilidades y técnicas de comunicación efectiva en la intervención policial en este tipo de emergencias. Nuestros resultados muestran una buena estructuración de la intervención policial en tres fases (llegada, desarrollo y cierre) y la necesidad de profundizar en la intervención y protocolo a seguir con los agresores.

The following is an analysis of the experience in the university expert course on "Prevention of Gender Violence", a course carried out by the University of Alicante in coordination with the Generalitat Valenciana and the Valencian Institute of Public Safety and Emergencies (IVASPE) aimed at security forces and corps (FFCCS). The objective is to improve communication skills and techniques in emergency interventions for violence in heterosexual couples. Our experience is framed within a 10-hour specialised training workshop design within the framework of the subject "Communication skills and techniques", whose development is based on the capacity that constructive dialectics has for coping and social transformation, as well as on the conception of violence against women as an attack on human rights and the relevance of effective communication skills and techniques in police intervention in this type of emergency. Our results show a good structuring of police intervention in three phases (arrival, development and closure) and the need to deepen the intervention and protocol to observe with the aggressors.

A seguir, é apresentada uma análise da experiência realizada no curso de especialização em "Prevenção da violência de gênero", realizado pela Universidad de Alicante em coordenação com a Generalitat Valenciana e o Instituto Valenciano de Seguridad Pública y Emergencias (IVASPE). Destinado às forças e corpos de segurança (FFCCS). O objetivo é melhorar as habilidades e técnicas de comunicação em intervenções de emergência devido à violência em casais heterossexuais. Nossa experiência se enquadra em um projeto de oficina de treinamento especializado de 10 horas no âmbito da disciplina "Habilidades e técnicas de comunicação", cujo desenvolvimento se baseia na capacidade que a dialética construtiva tem de enfrentamento e transformação social, bem como na concepção da violência contra a mulher como um ataque aos direitos humanos e na relevância de habilidades e técnicas de comunicação eficazes na intervenção policial nesse tipo de emergência. Nossos resultados mostram uma boa estruturação da intervenção policial em três fases (chegada, desenvolvimento e encerramento) e a necessidade de aprofundar a intervenção e o protocolo a ser seguido com os agressores.

Revelar e ter com quem contar: infertilidade e apoio social / Revelar y tener con quien contar: infertilidade y apoyo social / To disclose and have someone to count on: infertility and social support

Infertile couples seeking treatment experience a social stigma that can lead to the need for privacy and, in turn, compromise their access to social support. This multiple case study, that involved the collection of sociodemographic and health data and interviews with four heterosexual couples accessed by convenience, aimed to examine the perception of the couples about the social support received after the disclosure of the condition of infertility and/or of the assisted reproductive technology treatment. The cases were analysed individually and comparatively. From the couples' statements, it is highlighted that all of them revealed something about infertility and/or treatment at some point in the process, although some considered not revealing it. Both support and lack of support were perceived from the revelations. The non-disclosure was motivated by self-preservation and by avoidance of social pressure. The findings indicate the importance of psychological intervention to expand the couples' social support.

Parejas infértiles que buscan tratamiento experimentan un estigma social que puede acarrear la necesidad de privacidad y, a su vez, comprometer el acceso al apoyo social. Ese estudio de múltiples casos, que involucró la recogida de datos sociodemográficos, de salud y entrevistas con cuatro parejas heterosexuales accedidas por conveniencia, buscó examinar la percepción de las parejas sobre el apoyo social después de la revelación de la condición de infertilidad y/o del tratamiento con técnicas de reproducción asistida. Los casos fueron analizados individual y comparativamente. De las declaraciones de las parejas, se destaca que todas revelaron algo sobre la infertilidad y/o el tratamiento en algún momento del proceso, aunque algunos consideraron no revelarlo. Se percibió tanto el apoyo como la falta de apoyo a partir de las revelaciones. La no revelación fue motivada por la autopreservación y por la evitación de presión social. Los hallazgos indican la importancia de la intervención psicológica para ampliar el apoyo social de las parejas.

Casais inférteis que buscam tratamento experimentam um estigma social que pode acarretar a necessidade de privacidade e, por sua vez, comprometer o acesso ao apoio social. Este estudo de casos múltiplos, que envolveu a coleta de dados sociodemográficos, de saúde e entrevistas com quatro casais heterossexuais acessados por conveniência, objetivou examinar a sua percepção sobre o apoio social recebido após a revelação da condição de infertilidade e/ou de tratamento com técnicas de reprodução assistida. Os casos foram analisados individualmente e comparativamente. A partir das falas, destaca-se que todos revelaram algo sobre a infertilidade e/ou o tratamento em algum momento do processo, ainda que alguns tenham considerado não revelar. Percebeu-se tanto apoio como falta de apoio diante das revelações. A não revelação foi motivada pela autopreservação e pela evitação de pressão social. Os achados indicam a importância da intervenção psicológica para ampliar o apoio social dos casais.

Resultados de las consultas municipales de atención a la pareja infértil 2017-2020 / Results of the Municipal Consultations for Infertile Couple Care 2017-2020

Introducción: La infertilidad afecta hasta un 15 por ciento de las parejas en edad reproductiva en el mundo y es uno de los factores que inciden en la baja natalidad de Cuba. Antes del 2016 no existían consultas de infertilidad en todos los municipios y era bajo el número de embarazos logrados, lo que motivó la decisión de extenderlas a todos los municipios del país. Objetivo: Describir los resultados de las consultas municipales de infertilidad en los primeros cuatro años de su implementación (2017-2020). Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal de casos, atendidos en las 82 consultas municipales de infertilidad existentes antes del 2016 y después de su generalización a todos los municipios del país. Resultados: En las consultas municipales han sido atendidas 81,3 por ciento de las parejas infértiles que lo demandan, se incrementó el número de consultas ofrecidas de 24 215 en el año 2016 a 140 183 en el 2020. En ese período se elevó en 10 por ciento los embarazos obtenidos, 63,5 por ciento de los logrados en todos los niveles de atención. Conclusiones: Las consultas municipales incrementaron sus resultados entre el año 2017 al 2020 y los nacimientos obtenidos pueden ser considerados como una contribución del sector salud a reducir la baja natalidad que experimenta el país(AU)

Introduction: Infertility affects up to 15percent of couples of reproductive age in the world and is one of the factors affecting the low birth rate in Cuba. Before 2016, infertility consultations did not exist in all municipalities and the number of pregnancies achieved was low, which motivated the decision to extend them to all municipalities in the country. Aim: To describe the results of municipal infertility consultations in the first four years of their implementation (2017-2020). Methods: Cross-sectional observational study of cases, attended in the 82 municipal infertility consultations existing before 2016 and after their generalization to all municipalities in the country. Results: 81.3percent of the infertile couples requesting treatment were attended in the municipal consultations. The number of consultations offered increased from 24 215 in 2016 to 140 183 in 2020. In that period, pregnancies obtained increased by 10 percent, 63.5 percent of those achieved at all levels of care. Conclusions: Municipal consultations increased their results from 2017 to 2020 and the births obtained can be considered as a contribution of the health sector to reduce the low birth rate experienced by the country(AU)

Characteristics of HIV-infected persons and their spouses who became HIV-positive in HIV discordant couples in Dehong Prefecture， Yunnan Province / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo determine the characteristics， viral load and immunological status of HIV-infected persons and their spouses who became HIV-positive， and the reasons for HIV seroconversion in 55 HIV discordant couples in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture （Dehong Prefecture）， Yunan Province. MethodsData on the 55 couples meeting the criteria of having a previously positive spouse were retrieved from the AIDS Integrated Prevention and Control Data Information System of the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System during 2015-2021. General socio-demographic information， age at diagnosis， exposure history， CD4+T lymphocyte count， and antiviral treatment were collected. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were used to compare the distribution of pre-HIV-positive spouses and their HIV seroconverted spouses. ResultsA total of 55 spouses from HIV discordant couples had HIV seroconversion. Of them， 72.7% （40/55） of pre-HIV-positive spouses were husbands. The most recent CD4+T lymphocyte count in the pre-HIV-positive spouses was （328.31±246.27） cells·μL-1 at the time of diagnosis of their seroconverted spouses， of which 36.3% （20/55） had a CD4+T lymphocyte count of less than 200 cells·μL-1. Furthermore， of those pre-HIV-positive spouses with low CD4+T lymphocyte count， 45.0% （9/20） had an undetectable viral load， 15.0% （3/20） <400 copies·mL-1， and 25.0%（5/20） ≥400 copies·mL-1. Additionally， 16.4% （9/55） of the pre-HIV-positive spouses did not have a viral load test. The main reasons for HIV seroconversion among HIV-negative spouses in the discordant couples were poor condom use， poor compliance with antiviral therapy， and treatment discontinuation. ConclusionThe follow-up management of HIV discordant couples should be strengthened in Dehong Prefecture， especially the monitoring of viral load levels and immunological status of pre-HIV-positive spouses， to improve their compliance with antiviral therapy and reduce treatment discontinuation， which would effectively prevent and control HIV transmission between spouses.

Las Premisas Históricas-socioculturales de la Pareja en la Ciudad de México: Exploración y Análisis Cualitativo / The Historical-Sociocultural Premises of the Mexican Couple: Exploration and Analysis

Resumen Dentro de las relaciones de pareja, los miembros muestran su cultura, pensamientos y creencias (PHSC), las cuales predicen las conductas aceptables, los roles que se deben de cumplir, y cómo se debe de llevar a cabo la relación. Sin embargo, la cultura tiende a modificarse con el paso del tiempo, y cambiar el comportamiento. El propósito de esta investigación fue explorar las PHSC de la pareja en sus diferentes etapas (inicio, mantenimiento y disolución) y analizar su evolución en comparación con los estudios previos. Participaron 180 adolescentes estudiantes de secundaria y 150 adultos mayores con una escolaridad no mayor a secundaria. Se aplicaron tres cuestionarios abiertos, uno para cada etapa de la relación sobre que se debe de sentir, hacer, pesar dentro de la relación. Para la exploración de los datos se realizó un análisis de contenido. Los resultados demuestran que la mayoría de las PHSC no fueron modificadas, como la fidelidad, el respeto y la confianza dentro de la relación, principalmente en las mujeres. Lo que demuestra que a pesar del tiempo existen normas y creencias que son constantes, estas premisas permanecen debido al que el ambiente las satisface, no obstante, aparecieron nuevas normas y creencias como son el pensar en unos mismos y en su bienestar como consecuencia de comportamiento exitoso para la adaptación de la especie.

Abstract Within couple relationships, members show their culture, thoughts and beliefs (PHSC), which predict acceptable behaviors, the roles that must be fulfilled, and how the relationship should be carried out. However, culture tends to change over time, and behavior changes. The purpose of this research was to explore the PHSC of the couple in their different stages (beginning, maintenance, and dissolution) and to analyze their evolution in comparison with previous studies. 180 adolescent high school students and 150 older adults with no more than secondary schooling participated. Three open questionnaires were applied, one for each stage of the relationship about what should be felt, done, and weighed within the relationship. To explore the data, a content analysis was performed. At the beginning of the relationship, norms and beliefs were found such as that the couple should live together, communicate, be affectionate, should not feel insecure, angry, be unfaithful and attack, while in maintenance they should give love, have trust, be happy, love, be faithful and honest as well as respect your partner, while you should not feel ashamed, sad and envious and again be unfaithful or aggressive. Finally, in the dissolution, the PHSC found were to feel melancholy, disappointment, but at the same time happiness, think about the reasons for separation and problems, resign themselves, and should not feel anger and hatred, think that it is the end of the world and have destructive reactions towards the former partner or themselves. The results show that most of the PHSC were not modified, such as fidelity, respect, and trust within the relationship, mainly in women. Which shows that despite time there are norms and beliefs that are constant, these premises remain because the environment satisfies them, however, new norms and beliefs appeared such as they are thinking about oneself and their well-being as a consequence of successful behavior for the adaptation of the species.

Violencia simbólica en relaciones de pareja desde la marginalidad en mujeres jóvenes / Symbolic violence in couple relationships in light of the marginality of young women / Violência simbólica em relacionamentos de casal desde a marginalidade em mulheres jovens

Resumen (analítico) El método biográfico narrativo permitió escuchar a seis mujeres jóvenes que habitan contextos marginales. A partir de un diseño narrativo, se concretaron narrativas biográficas. En ellas se expusieron los modos como han configurado sus relaciones de pareja en torno a las prácticas y discursos de la violencia simbólica, dejando al descubierto una realidad atravesada por la violencia de un sector enclavado en el olvido institucional y el señalamiento colectivo. El análisis de la información se realizó mediante un biograma, el cual permitió encontrar que la despolitización y la idealización son los modos como han construido sus relaciones. La relevancia de este estudio se centra en dar a conocer la resistencia a los mecanismos de poder como posibilidad de transformar la construcción de amor que habitualmente se ha promovido en otras mujeres.

Abstract (analytical) The Narrative Biographical Method was applied with six young women who live in marginal contexts. Their biographical narratives were identified through a narrative design in which they shared the ways in which they have configured relationships with their partners around the practices and discourses of symbolic violence. The study exposes a reality of violence in this population that is associated with institutional abandonment and collective allegations. The analysis of the information was carried out using a Biogram, which allowed the authors to identify that depoliticization and idealization are how these women have built their relationships. The study is relevant because it raises awareness about existing power mechanisms that support the transforming of couple relationships, which is usually encouraged by other women.

Resumo (analítico) O Método Biográfico Interpretativo permitiu escutar seis mulheres jovens que habitam contextos de marginalidade. A partir de um desenho narrativo, concretizaram-se as suas narrativas biográficas; nas quais elas expuseram os modos de ter configurado os seus relacionamentos de casal em torno às práticas e discursos da violência simbólica, deixando a descoberto uma realidade atravessada pela violência doméstica de um setor aninhado no esquecimento institucional e na acusação da sociedade. A análise da informação foi realizada mediante um Biograma, o qual permitiu encontrar que a despolitização e a idealização são as maneiras como elas construíram seus relacionamentos. A relevância deste estúdio é focado em dar a conhecer a resistência aos mecanismos de poder como possibilidade de transformar a construção do amor que habitualmente é promovido em outras mulheres.

'So, let me see if I understood': Narratives of couples about their therapeutic process / 'Então, deixa eu ver se eu entendi': Narrativas de casais sobre seu processo terapêutico / 'Entonces, déjame aclarar esto': Narrativas de parejas sobre su proceso terapéutico

Couple therapy is an important clinical resource and it can progress along different theoretical approaches. Recently, constructionist proposals have been used, focusing on a dialogical understanding of the therapeutic process. This study outlines the understanding of how couples who have undergone couple therapy under a social constructionist orientation narrate their therapeutic process. Six heterosexual couples were part of this study. Twelve open individual interviews were conducted, focusing on significant moments. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using reflective thematic analysis procedures. Three axes were built, promoting a procedural view of couple therapy: initial motivation; experiences during therapy; and changes achieved. The birth of children, conflicts and the need of dialogue were the reason couple therapy was sought. During therapy, the couples found a safe environment to talk about different points of view. As a result, they were able to develop empathy and build dialogic spaces at home. We conclude that the therapists' participation in the construction of a safe space for dialogue was essential for the good outcomes attained, functioning as a conversational model to be adopted by the couples in their daily life. Therefore, this research showcases the potential of constructionist couple therapy as a resource in contemporary clinic.

A terapia de casal é um importante recurso clínico e pode ser desenvolvida segundo diferentes linhas teóricas. Mais recentemente, propostas construcionistas têm sido utilizadas, com foco numa compreensão dialógica do processo terapêutico. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender como casais que passaram por terapia de casal sob uma orientação construcionista social narram seu processo terapêutico. Participaram desta pesquisa seis casais heterossexuais. Foram realizadas doze entrevistas abertas individuais, com foco em momentos marcantes. As entrevistas foram transcritas e analisadas por procedimentos de análise temática reflexiva. Três eixos foram construídos, promovendo uma visão processual da terapia de casal: motivação inicial; vivências durante a terapia; e mudanças alcançadas. Nascimento dos filhos, conflitos e necessidade de diálogo motivaram a busca pela terapia de casal. Durante a terapia, os casais vivenciaram um ambiente seguro para dialogar sobre diferentes pontos de vista. Como consequência, puderam desenvolver empatia e construir espaços de conversa no contexto do lar. Concluímos que a participação dos terapeutas na construção de um espaço seguro para o diálogo foi central para os bons resultados alcançados, servindo como um modelo de conversa a ser adotado pelos casais em sua vida cotidiana. Assim, a pesquisa dá visibilidade para o potencial da terapia de casal construcionista como recurso na clínica contemporânea.

La terapia de pareja es un recurso clínico importante y puede desarrollarse por medio de diferentes líneas teóricas. En la actualidad, se han utilizado propuestas construccionistas, centradas en una comprensión dialógica del proceso terapéutico. El objetivo de este estudio es comprender de qué manera las parejas que han pasado por la terapia de pareja bajo una orientación social construccionista narran su proceso terapéutico. Seis parejas heterosexuales han participado en esta investigación. Se realizaron doce entrevistas abiertas individuales, centrándose en momentos significativos. Las entrevistas fueron transcritas y analizadas mediante procedimientos de análisis temático reflexivo. Se construyeron tres ejes temáticos, promoviendo una visión de la terapia de pareja como proceso: motivación inicial; experiencias durante la terapia; y cambios logrados. El nacimiento de los hijos, los conflictos y la necesidad de diálogo apoyaron sus búsquedas por la terapia de pareja. Durante la terapia, ellos vivieron un contexto para hablar de sus diferentes puntos de vista. Por consiguiente, pudieron desarrollar una mayor empatía y construir espacios dialógicos en el contexto de sus hogares. Concluimos que la participación de los terapeutas en la construcción de un espacio seguro fue central para los buenos resultados obtenidos, sirviendo como modelo de conversación a ser adoptado en su vida diaria. Así, esta investigación ha proporcionado visibilidad al potencial de la terapia de pareja construccionista como recurso en la clínica contemporánea.

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Confianza Diádica en personas gays y lesbianas en pareja / Psychometric Properties of the Dyadic Trust Scale in Gay and Lesbian People with a Partner

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Confianza Diádica (ECD, Larzelere & Huston, 1980) en personas gays y lesbianas de Chile. Para ello, se evaluó una muestra de 360 personas chilenas gay o lesbianas involucradas en una relación de pareja. Los datos obtenidos proporcionan evidencia de que el instrumento se ajusta de manera aceptable a una estructura unidimensional y que es invariante entre personas gay y lesbianas. Adicionalmente, se identificó que posee una consistencia interna adecuada, así como una asociación inversa entre los niveles de confianza diádica y la ansiedad y evitación del apego. En conclusión, la ECD posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para la evaluación de la confianza diádica en personas gays y lesbianas en el contexto chileno.

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chilean version of the Dyadic Trust Scale (DTS, Larzelere & Huston, 1980). For this purpose, a sample of 360 Chilean gay or lesbian people involved in a couple relationship was evaluated. The data obtained provide evidence that the instrument conforms acceptably to a unidimensional structure and scores are invariant between gay and lesbian persons. Additionally, it has adequate internal consistency, as well as an inverse association between levels of dyadic trust and attachment anxiety and avoidance. In conclusion, the ECD has adequate psychometric properties for the assessment of dyadic trust in gay and lesbian persons in the Chilean context.

Estados emocionales y estrategias de afrontamiento frecuentes en consulta para parejas infértiles / Emotional states and frequent coping strategies in the medical consultation for infertile couples / Estados emocionais frequentes e estratégias de enfrentamento em consulta para casais inférteis

RESUMEN Introducción: La infertilidad se conoce como la imposibilidad de concebir un hijo de forma natural o de llevar un embarazo a término, luego de un año de vida sexual activa. Por cuanto la procreación es un acontecimiento vital, no lograrla puede generar algunos trastornos psicológicos. Objetivo: Identificar los estados emocionales negativos, así como el estilo de afrontamiento utilizados por ambos miembros de parejas infértiles durante su tratamiento, en la consulta municipal de infertilidad del Policlínico Comunitario "30 de Noviembre", de Santiago de Cuba, durante el periodo enero de 2020 a febrero de 2021. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con una muestra intencional de 85 parejas (n꓿85) que asistieron a dicha consulta. Se utilizó el método clínico, se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes y se aplicaron técnicas psicológicas (Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado de Ch. Spielberger, inventario de depresión de Beck y escala de afrontamiento de Lazarus). Resultados: Predominó el nivel alto de ansiedad como estado en el 61,18 % de los hombres y en el 68,24 % de las mujeres, no se encontró ningún miembro de las parejas infértiles que presentara niveles bajos de ansiedad, además, se constataron niveles severos de depresión en el 52,94 % de las mujeres y en el 44,71 % de los hombres. Predominó el modo de afrontamiento centrado en las emociones en el 90,59 % de la muestra estudiada. Conclusiones: La ansiedad y la depresión, así como la carencia de estrategias de afrontamiento eficaces son fenómenos psicológicos presentes en las parejas que asisten a la consulta municipal de infertilidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Infertility is define by the failure to conceive a child naturally or achieve a pregnancy after one year of a sexually active life. Therefore, procreation is a vital aspect in humans, and fail to achieve it may generate some psychological disorders. Objective: To identify the negative emotional states, as well as the coping style used by both members of infertile couples during their treatment in the municipal fertility department at the Policlínico Comunitario "30 de Noviembre", Santiago de Cuba, during the period January 2020 to February 2021. Method: A descriptive study was conducted with a purposive sample of 85 couples (n꓿85) who attended such consultation. Method: a descriptive study was conducted with a purposive sample of 85 couples (n꓿85) who attended such consultation. It was used the clinical method, clinical histories were reviewed and various psychological techniques were applied (Ch. Spielberger's Trait-State Anxiety Inventory, Beck's depression inventory and Lazarus' coping scale). Results: High level of anxiety predominated in both sex, in male (61.18%) and in female (68.24%), with no member of the infertile couples showing up low levels of anxiety. In addition, severe levels of depression were found in 52.94% of women and 44.71% of men. The emotion-focused coping mode predominated in 90.59% of the studied sample. Conclusions: Anxiety and depression, as well as lack of effective coping strategies are psychological phenomena shows in couples attending the municipal fertility department.

RESUMO Introdução: A infertilidade é conhecida como a incapacidade de conceber um filho naturalmente ou de levar uma gravidez a termo, após um ano de vida sexual ativa. Como a procriação é um evento vital, sua não realização pode gerar alguns transtornos psicológicos. Objetivo: Identificar os estados emocionais negativos, bem como o estilo de enfrentamento utilizado por ambos os membros de casais inférteis durante seu tratamento, na consulta municipal de infertilidade da Policlínica Comunitária "30 de Noviembre", em Santiago de Cuba, no período de janeiro 2020 a fevereiro de 2021. Método: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo com uma amostra intencional de 85 casais (n꓿85) que compareceram à referida consulta. O método clínico foi utilizado, os prontuários dos pacientes foram revisados e as técnicas psicológicas foram aplicadas (Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado de Ch. Spielberger, inventário de depressão de Beck e escala de enfrentamento de Lazarus). Resultados: O alto nível de ansiedade prevaleceu como estado em 61,18% dos homens e em 68,24% das mulheres, nenhum membro dos casais inférteis apresentou níveis baixos de ansiedade, além disso, foram encontrados níveis graves de depressão em 52,94% das mulheres e 44,71% dos homens. O modo de enfrentamento focado na emoção prevaleceu em 90,59% da amostra estudada. Conclusões: A ansiedade e a depressão, bem como a falta de estratégias de enfrentamento eficazes, são fenômenos psicológicos presentes em casais que frequentam o ambulatório municipal de infertilidade.

Selección de pareja y tiempo de relación en padres de familia / Mate selection and relationship time in parents

Introducción: la selección de pareja es un proceso complejo donde se involucran factores biológicos, psicológicos, personales, sociales y emocionales. Objetivo: determinar los criterios para la selección de pareja según el tiempo de relación en los padres de estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa Vigotsky en la ciudad de Riobamba. Metodología: se hizo un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo observacional descriptivo. La población estuvo integrada por padres de familia mayores de 20 años, cuyos hijos estudiaban en la institución mencionada, a partir de cual se seleccionó una muestra de 170 individuos mediante la técnica del tipo bola de nieve. los datos se recolectaron mediante la Escala de Selección de Pareja de Romero. Resultados: según los involucrados, los criterios más relevantes para la selección de pareja fueron los rasgos de personalidad (61,8%) y satisfacción de necesidades (65,3%); mientras que, los menos considerados fueron el atractivo (80,0%) y la similitud de intereses personales (48,2%). Conclusiones: la comparación del nivel de importancia de los criterios de selección de pareja según al tiempo de relación posibilitó determinar que el nivel bajo predominó en los aspectos no verbales en aquellas con menos de 10 años de unión. Además, el tiempo de relación se asoció significativa-mente con las dimensiones: aspectos no verbales, rasgos de personalidad y satisfacción de necesidades

Introduction: mate selection is a complex process involving biological, psychological, personal, social and emotional factors. Objective: to determine the criteria for mate selection according to the relationship time in the parents of students of the Vigotsky Educational Unit in the city of Riobamba. Methodology: a study was carried out with a quantitative approach, of a descriptive observational type. The population was made up of parents over 20 years of age, whose children studied at the aforementioned institution. A sample of 170 individuals was selected using the snowball-type technique. Data were collected using the Romero Mate Selection Scale. Results: The most relevant criteria for partner selection were personality traits (61.8%) and satisfaction of needs (65.3%. On the other hand, attractiveness (80.0%) and the similarity of personal interests (48.2%) were the least considered. Conclusions: It was determined that the low level prevailed in the non-verbal aspects in those ones with less than 10 years of union based on the comparison of the level of importance of the mate selection criteria according to the time of the relationship. In addition, the relationship time was significantly associated with the dimensions: non-verbal aspects, personality traits and needs satisfaction.

El Mantenimiento en las Relaciones de Pareja: Una Forma de Medirlo / Maintenance in Couple Relationships: An Assessment

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer la estructura factorial de la escala de mantenimiento en las relaciones de pareja en hombres y mujeres. Participaron de manera voluntaria y confidencial 731 personas (49.8% hombres y 50.2% mujeres). Se elaboró una escala con 178 reactivos, para evaluar el mantenimiento de las relaciones de pareja con base en un estudio exploratorio, con un formato de respuesta tipo Likert de 5 puntos. Esta consta de cuatro subescalas: Significado (46 reactivos y 6 factores), Motivos (30 reactivos y cuatro factores), Estrategias (46 reactivos y 6 factores) y Consecuencias (56 reactivos y 4 factores). Para cada subescala se obtuvo el análisis psicométrico. Los resultados indican una escala valida y confiable en sus cuatro subescalas, a través de análisis factoriales exploratorios y análisis de consistencia interna. Los hallazgos permiten contar con un instrumento robusto que permite evaluar en sus diferentes subescalas las áreas que componen el mantenimiento en la pareja, esto con la finalidad de realizar evaluaciones en las relaciones diádicas que fomenten parejas saludables, así como intervenciones, basadas en esta primera aproximación.

Abstract The purpose of this research was to obtain the factor structure of the Couple Relationship Maintenance Scale using a Mexican sample of men and women. A total of 731 voluntary people (49.8% men, 50.2% women) were part of this study and agreed to do so confidentially. Based on results from an exploratory study, the scale was initially developed considering 178 items in order to assess maintenance of couple relationships with a 5-point Likert response style. The scale was divided into four subscales: Meaning (46 items, 6 factors), Motives (30 items, 4 factors), Strategies (46 items, 6 factors), and Consequences (56 items, 4 factors). Each subscale required its own psychometric analysis. Exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency analysis show a valid and reliable scale in all four subscales. These findings allow for a robust scale that allows the evaluation of maintenance throughout several of its components. The development of instruments like the one presented becomes fundamental in the evaluation of dyadic relationships that in turn develop healthy couple relationships, as well as evidence-based interventions.

Emotional interdependence: the key to studying extrinsic emotion regulation

The literature on extrinsic emotion regulation or the intention to modify other people's emotions has grown in recent years, accompanied by proposals in which its definition is made more precise, the way to understand it in relation to other related processes is delimited, and the consequences of its use in the quality of close relationships are evidenced. Conceptual reviews on this topic recognize the importance of examining the affect and dyadic dynamics that arise between those who regulate each other extrinsically. This dynamic refers to emotional interdependence, the potential of the members of a dyad to shape each other's emotions reciprocally, particularly in those who share a close bond, such as that of a romantic couple. There is little theoretical development regarding the relevance of this characteristic in relation to EER. This article has two objectives: (1) to make a narrative synthesis of the characteristics that define EER and (2) to expand and complexify the existing model by including the emotional interdependence as a vital component in the understanding of the functioning of EER. Lastly, the role of emotional interdependence in the emergence, maintenance, and satisfaction concerning couple relationships is made explicit through phenomena such as shared reality. (AU)

Encontros e desencontros: o casal e suas motivações para adoção / Encounters and mismatches: the couple and their motivations for adoption

O tema central do presente trabalho trata das diversas motivações que impulsionam os casais pretendentes à adoção a ingressarem com o processo de habilitação no Juizado da Infância e Juventude. Tem como objetivo abordar os principais motivos, mostrando a importância de compreender o desejo do casal enquanto projeto de família e os desejos objetivos e subjetivos de cada membro para a adoção. Para tal, são feitas reflexões à luz da teoria e de situações da prática clínica, salientando os aspectos relativos à sintonia entre o casal e a pertinência destes motivos em relação ao seu contexto de vida e às demandas de uma criança que está à espera de uma família. Em face das diferentes motivações, apresentamos considerações quanto à contribuição da abordagem da terapia sistêmica de casal na compreensão e intervenção nas questões que emergem e interferem no projeto de adoção.

The central theme of this work deals with the various motivations that impel couples seeking adoption to join the process of qualification in the Court of Childhood and Youth. It aims to address the main reasons, showing the importance of understanding the couple's desire as a family project and the objective and subjective desires of each member. For this, reflections are made, in the light of theory and clinical practice situations. They address aspects related to the harmony between the couple and the relevance of these reasons in relation to their life context and the demands of a child who is waiting for a family. In view of the different motivations, we present considerations regarding the contribution of the systemic couple therapy approach to the understanding and intervention in the issues that emerge and interfere in the adoption project.

A sexualidade do casal: um possível portal para o reencontro / The couple's sexuality: a possible portal to the reunion

O presente artigo busca aprofundar a compreensão da relevância do âmbito da sexualidade para o indivíduo, e, especialmente, para a vida do casal. Parte-se do pressuposto que a sexualidade é um dos critérios basilares de noção de saúde, e, ao mesmo tempo, um dos elementos diferenciais da vida conjugada, em comparado com as demais relações sociais que estabelecemos na vida adulta. Considera-se a escassez de espaço para o diálogo em sociedade sobre o tema sexualidade, e com isso a necessidade imperiosa de tratarmos, sobretudo nas áreas da saúde, sobre o tema. Dentro deste contexto, surge a intenção de considerar a relevância da abordagem do assunto sexualidade em psicoterapia, considerando que se trata de um conteúdo nem sempre simples de ser trabalhado pelos profissionais. Neste sentido, são propostas algumas ferramentas possíveis para a instigação do tema em consultório e a conscientização da relevância deste aspecto como um dos pontos vitais para o tratamento do casal.

This article seeks to deepen the understanding of the relevance of the scope of sexuality for the individual, and especially for the life of the couple. It starts from the assumption that sexuality is one of the basic criteria of the notion of health, and, at the same time, one of the differential elements of the conjugated life, in comparison with the other social relationships that we establish in adult life. It is considered the scarcity of space for dialogue in society on the topic of sexuality, and with that the imperative need to address the issue, especially in the areas of health. Within this context, the intention arises to consider the relevance of approaching the subject of sexuality in psychotherapy, considering that it is a content that is not always simple to be worked by professionals. In this sense, some possible tools are proposed for the instigation of the theme in the office and the awareness of the relevance of this aspect as one of the vital points for the treatment of the couple.

Manejo da sessão na terapia psicanalítica de casal / Session's handling on couple's psychoanalytic psychotherapy / Manejo de sessiones en psicoterapia psicoanalítica de pareja

Um exemplo de terapia de casal ilustra as incontáveis possibilidades de manejos clínicos, fundamentadas em opções teórico-clínicas do analista. A partir da distinção entre método, técnica e enquadre, justificam-se manejos diferentes dentro da sessão, sempre respeitando-se o vértice psicanalítico. A utilização do WhatsApp, sugerir um tema, perguntar, explicar uma situação ao casal, são aspectos discutidos, levando-se em conta a psicanálise e seus limites. A história do casal, a biografia de cada um, os tipos de personalidade baseados nas angústias de castração, de fragmentação e de separação, são os elementos norteadores da terapia breve psicanalítica preconizada pelo Napc - Núcleo de atendimento epesquisa da conjugalidade e da família, da Clínica do Instituto Sedes Sapientiae.

An example of couple therapy illustrates unchallenging possibilities of clinical handling, based on the analyst's clinical-theoretical options. Departing from the distinction between method, technique and frame, different handlings are justified in a session, always regarding the psychoanalytic vertex. The use of WhatsApp, suggesting a topic, asking, explaining the couple a situation, are discussed aspects, considering psychoanalysis and its boundaries. The couple's story, the biography of each one, the personality types based on anxieties of castration, fragmentation and separation are guiding elements for brief psychoanalytic therapy as advocated by NAPC- Núcleo de atendimento e pesquisa de conjugalidade e da família - from Instituto Sedes Sapieantiae's clinic.

Un ejemplo de terapia de pareja ilustra las incontestables posibilidades de manejos clínicos, fundamentadas en opciones teórico-clínicas del analista. A partir de la distinción entre método, técnica y encuadre, se justifican manejos diferentes dentro de la sesión, siempre se respetando el vértice psicoanalítico. La utilización del WhatsApp, sugerir un tema, preguntar, explicar una situación a la pareja, son aspectos discutidos, teniéndose en cuenta el psicoanálisis y sus límites. La historia de la pareja, la biografía de cada uno, los tipos de personalidades basados en las angustias de castración, de fragmentación y de separación, son elementos que rigen la terapia breve psicoanalítica preconizada por el NAPC - Núcleo de atendimiento e pesquisa da conjugalidade e da familia, de la clínica del Instituto Sedes Sapientiae.

Dyadic adjustment and marital communication of persons with depression

Background: One of the most important relationships between a man and a woman is marriage. Marriage is a social union as well as a legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is a primary institution of society. Marriage involves an emotional and legal commitment that is quite important in any adult life and even same in the persons with depression. Faulty marital relationship not only affects the couples but it inflicts longitudinal negative impact upon the entire family system and individual members of families. Methodology: The present study aims to compare the pattern of dyadic adjustment and marital communication between married individuals with depression and married healthy controls. Cross-sectional study design was used. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data for the study. The study group comprised of 30 married individuals with depression, whereas the other group consisted of 30 married healthy controls. Both the groups were examined on sociodemographic datasheet, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and the Marital Communication Inventory (MCI). Result: It was found that there were significant differences in the dyadic adjustment and marital communication of persons with depression compared to healthy controls, and there was no significant difference between males and females of depression patients in dyadic adjustment and marital communication. Conclusion: There is need to involve the spouse in the treatment process, and couple-based interventions will help for better marital adjustment and communication with depression patients compared to the healthy controls.