Study on the growth of intracranial volumes in normal children of different ages / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#The purpose of this study was to measure intracranial volumes in normal children of different ages and to explore the growth of intracranial volumes.@*Methods@#A total of 151 normal children (male, 96; female, 55) were included in this study who were subjected to computed tomography (CT) for head trauma in the pediatric emergency room from June 1, 2015 to July 31, 2015. All of them had no congenital deformities and depressed fracture of the skull. Total, anterior, middle and posterior intracranial volumes were measured using a DICOM viewer. The Graphad Prism 6.0 was applied to analyze the data and plot the best fit logarithmic growth curve and liner regression and the comparison of the growth curves between different groups was done.@*Results@#The intracranial volumes had a rapid growth within 2 years old. The girls′ total intracranial volumes were smaller than the boys′ of the same age. There was a significant difference of linear regression slope between anterior intracranial volumes and posterior intracranial volumes within 2 years old (P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#There is a rapid growth of intracranial volumes of normal children within 2 years old. The posterior intracranial volumes are expanded faster than the anterior intracranial volumes in the first two years. The girls′ intracranial volumes are smaller than the boys′.

Biometria da cabeça e da cavidade craniana de ovinos deslanados sem raça definida (Ovis aries LINNAEUS, 1758) em Petrolina/Pernambuco, Brasil / Biometry of head and cranial cavity of wooless mongrel sheep (Ovis aries LINNAEUS, 1758) in Petrolina/Pernambuco, Brazil

A espécie ovina é largamente utilizada na região Nordeste do Brasil por apresentar alta rusticidade. No entanto, sua anatomia ainda é pouco estudada. Assim, crescem os estudos para gerar subsídios técnico-científicos àqueles profissionais que trabalham com as áreas aplicadas da Medicina Veterinária e afins. O objetivo do presente estudo foi estabelecer correlações entre as dimensões da cabeça e da cavidade craniana, utilizando 80 ovinos, 40 machos e 40 fêmeas, com média de peso entre 27,0 e 33,0 kg. Em fêmeas, foi observada correlação entre a massa corpórea e o comprimento da cabeça; entre a massa corpórea e largura da cabeça; entre o comprimento da cabeça e sua respectiva largura; entre comprimento da cabeça e o comprimento da cavidade craniana e entre a altura da cabeça e o comprimento da cavidade craniana. As demais dimensões, nas fêmeas, não tiveram correlação estatisticamente significativa. Já em animais do sexo masculino, foi possível evidenciar correlação apenas entre a altura da cabeça e altura da cavidade craniana. Desta forma, é possível concluir que, quanto maiores forem as proporções da cabeça, maiores serão as dimensões e volume intracranianos.

The sheep is a commonly used species in Northeast region of Brazil because of its high rusticity. Yet, very little is known about the anatomy of these species. Therefore, the number of studies in this field is increasing to stimulate technical and scientific subsidies to professionals in Veterinary Medicine. The aim of this study was to establish correlations between the head and cranial cavity dimensions, using 80 sheep, 40 males and 40 females, with a medium weight of 27,0 to 33,0 kg. In females, it was observed correlation between corporal weight and length of the head; corporal weight and width of the head; length of the head and its respective width; length of the head and length of the cranial cavity; height of the head and length of the cranial cavity. The other dimensions, in females, had non-significant correlation. In males, the only correlation established was between height of the head and height of the cranial cavity. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the larger the proportions of the cranium are, the larger will be the dimensions and the intracranial volume.

Dimensions of the cranium and of the cranial cavity andintracranial volume in goats (Capra hircus LINNAEUS, 1758)

The aim of this project is to determine the dimensions of the cranium and the cranial cavity and the intracranialvolume in goats, using 64 adults. The dimensions of the cranium and cranial cavity were measured throughmetric tape and paquimeter, considering the intervals of the largest distances. To determine the intracranialvolume, balloons of latex were introduced in the cranial cavity, through the magnum foramen, later on, filledwith water that was transferred for graduate test tube. The average and the standard deviation of length, widthand height of the cranium, in millimeters, were respectively: 218.01 ± 6.96, 120.17 ± 10.01 and 108.14 ± 4.46.The average and the standard deviation of length, width, height, in millimeters, and of the volume of thecranial cavity, in cubic centimeters, were respectively: 109.31 ± 7.25, 61.36 ± 4.51, 63.85 ± 2.88 and119.31 ± 12.21. It was observed that, the width of the cranium possesses positive significant correlationswith the length (r = 0.6865), with the height (r = 0.5644) and with the intracranial volume (r = 0.5436).They were still established, positive significant correlations among the height of the cranial cavity, with thelength (r = 0.5682) and with the intracranial volume (r = 0.5473). Differences were evidenced between malesand females, in relation to the dimensions of the cranium and cranial cavity. There wasn’t difference of theintracranial volume in function of the sex of the goats.