Trans-fontanellar ultrasound evaluation of neonates and infants in a tertiary care hospital in Garhwal referred for sonography

Ultrasound is widely used to diagnose various conditions in neonates and infants like intracranial hemorrhage, hypoxic-ischemic insult, changes of birth asphyxia and congenital disorders of the ain like hydrocephalus, etc as it is easily available, simple and noninvasive and more important is that it lacks ionizing radiation. The present hospital-based study of cranial sonography (Trans-fontanellar ultrasound) done in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, HNB Base government teaching hospital situated in Srinagar Garhwal, was done with the aim of assessing the burden of intracranial disorders in neonates and infants, especially the premature newborns who get admitted in neonatal intensive care units. A retrospective descriptive analysis was done on the data of 196 CUSG done.70.4 % CUSG were performed on neonates, 24.5% were performed on age group 29 days to 6 month age group and rest on age more than 6 months. The male-female gender ratio was 1: 0.96. The most common neonatal pathological conditions were changes of Hypoxic- ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) (28.4 %). Cranial sonography is a useful diagnostic tool in the evaluation of neonatal and infant ain and is a well-established mode of making primary diagnosis.It is preferred because it can be rapidly performed and is a portable, cost-effective test.

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors for Brain Edema Detected by Ultrasound Examination in Term Infants / 医学研究杂志

Objective To study the clinic value of brain edema detected by ultrasound examination in high risk term infants. Meth-ods The study group included 140 term infants who were found having brain edema in cranial ultrasound examinations. 152 term infants with normal ultrasound scan were selected as a control group. The risk factors of brain edema were collected, and univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Results (1) There was no difference of incidence of brain edema between the infants with or without maternal ill historys, fetal distress or hypoalbuminemia, with P > 0.05. (2) In the univariate regression model, as-phyxia,hypoxic -ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) ,ventilation and metabolic acidosis were associated with an increased risk of brain ede-ma. In the multivariate logistic regression model, HIE was associated with a greater risk of brain edema and ventilation was possibly asso-ciated with brain edema. Conclusion Brain edema detected by ultrasound examination in high risk term infants has close relationship with HIE. It suggest that there is a consistency between ultrasound results and clinic situation. The detection of brain edema by ultrasound can assist doctor in clinic practice.