Padrão de deslocamento de bovinos Nelore em sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária / Displacement patterns of Nellore cattle in integrated crop livestock system

The objective of this study was to characterize the displacement patterns of Nellore cattle in areas of crop livestock and crop livestock forest integration systems with density of 196 and 448 eucalyptus ha-1. Paddock maps were drawn from satellite images of the experimental area. In each evaluated system there was one trained observer, that on the paddock map recorded the place the animals stayed every 10 minutes. The exploration of the area by the animals was observed for 12 hours, starting at 6 a.m. and ending at 6 p.m. The displacement of the animals in the ILP system during the evaluation was bigger than the ILPFs systems, resulting in greater exploration of the area, this fact was due the presence of trees that, for the animals resembled fences, limiting the exploration of the paddock in ILPFs. In the ILPF with higher density of trees, this behavior was more evident. In the period from 10:10 a.m. to 14:00 p.m. the displacement of the animals was decrease by the high temperatures in all systems, although it was more effective in the ILP system. It is concluded that the displacement of cattle is influenced by the presence and density of arboreal component integrated crop livestock system.(AU)

Brachiaria physiological parameters in agroforestry systems / Parâmetros fisiológicos da braquiária em diferentes arranjos do sistema agrossilvipastoril

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess the effects of Eucalyptus and maize shading on characteristics related to water use by Brachiaria in agroforestry systems. Treatments were arranged in a split-split-plot design, with plots consisting of different spacing between Eucalyptus plants (12.0×2.0m and 12.0×4.0m), split-plots of different distances between Brachiaria and Eucalyptus (6.0, 4.0, and 2.0m), and split-split-plots of Brachiaria sowing sites (maize row and inter-row). One treatment with Brachiaria under full sunlight was included. Bread grass intercropping in maize inter-rows associated with the densest Eucalyptus spacing and bread grass proximity to Eucalyptus tree crowns adversely affected the stomatal conductance, internal carbon, and transpiration rate of bread grass. Water use efficiency of bread grass intercropped in maize rows decreased, regardless of the Eucalyptus plot design and distance between forages and trees.

RESUMO: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos do sombreamento ocasionado por plantas de eucalipto e milho nas características relacionadas ao uso da água da braquiária em sistema agrossilvipastoril. O experimento foi realizado no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, comas parcelas representadas constituídas pelos espaçamentos de plantio do eucalipto (12x2 e 12x4m), as sub-parcelas da distância da braquiaria e o eucalipto (6; 4 e 2m) e a subparcela do local de cultivo da braquiária (linha e entrelinha do milho). Além disso, foi adicionado um tratamento composto pela braquiária cultivada a pleno sol. O cultivo do capim-maradu na entrelinha do milho associado ao sombreamento intenso proporcionado pelo espaçamento mais adensado de eucalipto (12x2m) e a proximidade das plantas de capim-marandu às copas das árvores de eucalipto altera negativamente a condutância estomática, o carbo interno e a taxa transpiratória das plantas de capim-marandu. A eficiência no uso da água das plantas de capim - maradu é reduzida independente do arranjo espacial do eucalipto e da distância entre aforrageira e as árvores quando a forrageira é cultivada na linha do milho.