RESUMO
In the coastal areas of the world, most Vibrio species have been incriminated as notorious agents causing foodborne, wound and other infections. These pathogens are known to be associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked seafoods or the exposure of wounds to warm seawater. Aim: Therefore, this research work was designed with the aim of assessing the microbiological quality of the water bodies as well as the seafoods consumed in Cross River State (CRS). Study Design: The Study was designed using the completely randomized block design and the data was analyzed using of two-way analysis of variance, Generalized Linear Model Univariate analysis. Significant means were separated using the Least significant difference (LSD). Place and Duration of Study: This study was done in the Department of Microbiology, University of CRS, Calabar, CRS, Nigeria, between 2016-2019. Methodology: we evaluated a variety of seafoods viz; crayfish, blue crabs, Periwinkles, apple nails, red lobsters etc. collected from major Beaches, markets and other sale points and water sources (rivers streams sea and gutters) in Calabar, CRS of Nigeria, using standard bacteriological techniques, for the prevalence of Vibrio species. Results: The mean percentage mean viable cell counts obtained ranged from 1.79�45 (seawater)-9.15�79CFU/mL (gutter water) and 7.68�58 (Blue Crab)- 11.37�82 CFU/g (fish) in the Rainy season. The counts for the Dry season Ranged from 1.79 �42 (Seawater)-8.94� 4.51(gutter water), and 5.83 7.21 CFU/g (apple snail) -12.64 5.95 CFU/g (Fish). The total percentage mean counts obtained were 8.09�91 CFU/mL in the Rainy Season to 7.61�58 CFU/mL in the dry Season. From both seasons, the overall total mean count was 11.09�94 CFU/ml. From the nine locations evaluated in this study, it was observed that the Mean percentage counts for the Northern Senatorial District (NSD) ranged from 2.81� 3.49 (Ogoja)- 3.14 �07CFU/mL (Obudu). For the Central (CSD) the range was from 3.34 �20 (Boki)- 9.89 �15 (Ikom), while for the Southern (SSD) it was from12.01� 6.52 (Akamkpa)- 14.47 �44 (Calabar). The overall Total percentage mean counts from all the three Senatorial Districts was 14.03�86 CFU/mL. From the Northern Senatorial District, the total Percentage mean was 3.01�77 CFU/mL, 7.05�79 CFU/mL from the Central and 13.49� 5.72 CFU/mL from the Southern Senatorial District. The Vibrio pathotypes isolated include Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) (both O1 and non-O1 serotypes) 1155 (31.61%), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus), 752 (20.58%), Vibrio fluvialis (V. fluvialis) 480 (13.14%), V. vulnificus 473 (12.94%) Vibrio mimicus (V. mimicus) 400 (10.95%) and Other Vibrios 394 (10.78%). Out of the 3654 Vibrio isolates, the greatest number 663�31 (18.14%) were from Seawater, while the least 133�.84 (3.64%) were from the Gutter Water. Also, the highest number 1245�61 (34.07%) came from Calabar, and the least 102�.65 (2.79%) from Obanlikwu. The NSD had the least number 327 (8.95%), followed by the CSD with 570 (15.59%) and then the SSD with 2757 (75.45%) as the highest number of isolates. Conclusion: The presence of these pathogenic bacterial species in common seafoods in this area is of great public health concern. It is therefore important that serious emphasis be laid on proper cooking of these seafoods as well as the establishment of regular hygiene surveillance strategies in the state.
RESUMO
Aims:To determine the prevalence of cancer in the rest of Cross River State not covered by the population-based cancer registry which is limited to the capital city of Calabar.Study Design:Descriptive retrospective study involving a trend analysis of cancers from the rest of Cross River State not covered by the Calabar cancer registry. Cancers incident in the Pathology and Haematology departments of the University of Calabar Teaching hospital are included in the study.Place and Duration of Study:Pathology and Haematology departments of the University of Calabar Teaching hospital. Data was assessed between April to May 2019.Methodology:An institution-based trend analysis of cancers originating from the rest of Cross River State, out of population-based cancer registry’s coverage was carried out. Such cases incident in the Pathology and Hematology Departments of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital were included. Cancer data from 1stJanuary 2004 to 31stDecember 2013 was accessed from the archives of both departments. Data extraction was carried out though filling of a check list and these were fed into IBM statistical package for social sciences SPSS version 21 for analysis.
RESUMO
Estimation of stature from body segment parameters finds usefulness in forensic sciences and other medical applications. However, these parameters are highly, sex, race and age dependent. The present study measured some cephalofacial parameters with a view to providing cephalofacial anthropometric parameter that could be used in estimation of stature among teenage indigenes of Ogoja Local Government Area of Cross River State. A total of 300 teenagers (13-19 years), comprising 150 males and 150 females were used. Maximum stature, head circumference, nasal height and nasal width were obtained by direct measurement. The findings of the study showed that males mean values are significantly higher (p<0.05) than females for all parameters: Stature (males, 157.30±6.81; females, 155.70±5.71), head circumference (males, 55.38±1.55; females, 54.62±1.52), nasal height (males, 4.54±0.43; females, 4.39±0.44) and nasal width (males, 4.95±0.50; females, 4.74±0.58). Results of this study reveals that male head circumference significantly (p<0.05) correlate with stature. Hence only male head circumference (HC) could be employed in the estimation of stature using the linear regression equation (11.48 × HC + (-478.70)). The analysis of the measured parameters shows that nasal height and width are not reliable tools for stature prediction amongst Ogoja teenage population.