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Introduction This study aimed to clarify social networking and help seeking behaviors in relation to the health of pregnant and puerperal Brazilian women in Japan, using unanalyzed data collected in the article titled “Socio-cultural factors affecting the health of pregnant and puerperal Brazilian women in Japan” published in this journal.Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews of pregnant and puerperal Brazilian women aged ≥20 years in their homes in Prefectures A and B during 2013-2014. We used the Japanese version of the interview guide based on the cultural determinants of help seeking developed by Arnault. The analysis was guided by analytic ethnography, and core themes were derived.Results The interviews were conducted with 18 women. Their mean age was 32.4 years (5 women in their 20s and 13 women in their 30s). The average length of stay was 12.6 years (6 women: <10 years and 12 women: ≥10 years). Regarding residential status, 12 women were permanent residents. Two categories for social networking were derived: (1) limited social interaction and (2) reliance on family and trusted others. Two categories for help-seeking behaviors were derived: (1) reliance on informal resources close to them and (2) self-reliant problem solving.Conclusions The social networking and help-seeking behaviors of pregnant and puerperal Brazilian women in Japan were related to their way of cultivating relationships in their transnational life as migrant workers. Their behaviors were also related to their perception on the family, their religion, and their self-reliant problem-solving behaviors.
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Background: The Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) has been extensively used as predictor of self-reported road traffic accidents. The associations between crashes and the violation and error factors of the DBQ however, might be reporting a little bias. Aim: The current study aiming to explore the driving behaviours of Qatari’s and Turkish ethnic groups and to investigate the relationship between error, violations, and lapses of DBQ and accident involvement. Materials and Methods: The DBQ instruments has been used to measure the aggressive driving behaviours leading to road accidents. The study included a representative sample of 2050 drivers and of whom 1,511 drivers agreed to participate (73.7%). A sample of 1,511 drivers from two ethnic groups; Qatar (620), and Turkish (891) completed the driver behaviour questionnaire and background information. Results: There was a significant difference found between both the countries, Qatar and Turkish, in age group, education, occupation, marital status, car type, and seat belt use (p<0.001). The Qatari drivers scored higher on almost all items of violations, errors and lapses compared to other ethnic groups, while Turkish drivers were lower on all the items. Turkish drivers (38.9%) have been involved in more accidents compared to Qatari drivers (32.9%). In terms of cause of accidents, careless driving (31.6%) and excessive speeding (28.5%) were significantly higher among Qatari drivers (p<0.001). More than one third of the studied drivers of two ethnic groups were involved in traffic violations; Qatari (26.6%), and Turkish (33.3%). The use of DBQ permitted the differentiation between deliberate deviations from safe driving practices and errors and violation due to misjudgments or lapses in focus. Conclusion: The present study revealed driver behaviour is different in two ethnic and cultural groups and scores rated differently. Qatari drivers scored higher on most of the items of violations, errors and lapses of DBQ compared to Turkish drivers in all DBQ items. The results emphasise the importance of social, socio-economic, life-style, cultural factors, general driving style and skills, differ between both countries with the respect of traffic safety.
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BACKGROUND: Within a recent few years, the number multicultural families had been increasing rapidly in Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of the function of multicultural families and its determining factors. METHODS: The study subjects were 68 foreign women who had been married to Korean men and immigrated to Korea. All participants were registered in one of the three migration support centers in South Jeolla Province. They completed a self-administered questionnaire which evaluated the demographic information, FACES III, and the family APGAR scores. We compared their family function with that of the typical Korean families reported in previous articles. RESULTS: Multicultural families were prone to be an extreme family according to the FACES III. Their family APGAR scores were lower compared to those of ordinary Korean families. Family dysfunction of multicultural families as significantly associated with women's age, hometown, education level, the number of family members, and her religion. CONCLUSION: Multicultural families may show different features compared to typical Korean families. Family physicians needs to be concerned with functional patterns of multicultural families. Further studies should be followed to understand modifiable factors for fixing dysfunction of multicultural families.
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Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Índice de Apgar , Coreia (Geográfico) , Casamento , Médicos de Família , MigrantesRESUMO
Objective: To find out some clues in the personality types of Chinese dental school applicants and provide useful information in the cross-culture research between western and eastern countries, and supply guidance for Chinese educators.Methods:The Chinese version of MBTI (Form G) was used to test the personality styles of 332 dental school applicants from the mainland of China, and the personality styles of dental school applicants between Chinese and English were compared. Results:In mental aptitude, the percentage of introversion (I) type in Chinese samples (56.8)was higher than Extroversion (E) type(43.2), while it was contrary in English samples (15.7 vs. 84.3)and the difference was significant (?~2=111.49, P
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Objective:To compare the social adaptability of Chinese and Japanese children Method:306 preschool children in Xi'an and 215 Japanese children were sampled The research instrument was the Infant-Junior Middle School Social Adaptive Capacity Scale Result:In the six fields of social adaptability, Chinese children had lower scores than Japanese children, except for that of sports Conclusion:Chinese preschool children have lower social adaptive capacity, which may be due to the overprotective attitude of Chinese parents or grandparents
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Objective Considerable controversy over the justifications for forgoing life-sustaining treatment to patients with advanced dementia (AD) exists. Based on an ethnographic study, the decision-making practices for forgoing tube feeding and antibiotic treatment for AD patients in the U.S is examined. Methods Prospective case studies were undertaken in a dementia special care unit (BDSC) over a period of six months. Data sources included clinical observation notes from 10 patients, and interview notes from their family members and healthcare providers. Three strategies were used to manage the data: event analysis, content analysis and cross-case analysis. The American Caucasian culture and hospice care culture provided the context for analysis. Results Two patterns of decision-making were practiced in BDSC: (1) advance decision-making with respect paid to the patient's wishes, and (2) advance decision-making focused on what is best for the patient. Differences in justifications for forgoing tube feeding and forgoing antibiotic treatment were discussed. Conclusions Forgoing life-sustaining treatment decision is difficult to make within the clinical context. Underpinning these difficulties are the predominant values in current medical practice that support the biological determinants of life and medical technology for enhancing the quality of life. In resolving these difficulties, a moral paradigm shift in two respects is required for framing the care of patients dying with AD. They are a shift from the medical protraction of life and a shift towards forms of care that enhance quality of life within the natural-organic framework of emotional, relational, esthetic and spiritual well-being. In this study, a paradigm shift of values underpinning the practice of forgoing life-sustaining treatments for AD patients was observed in three aspects. First, the emphasis on prognostication based on biomedical markers in predicting the length of survival is shifted to a focus on the "diagnosis of dying". This act facilitates the transition from connecting the choice of treatment with the goal of resolving the emergent medical problem to that of the goal of comfort care. Second, the overriding concern in conventional medical practice with preserving life is shifting to an overriding concern of "what is best for the patient." Third, in the last days of life, the conventional approach of "trying to do everything for the patient" was true in BDSC, but the approach had shifted from a technological to a relational one. Providing a peaceful and dignified environment in which the patient could die in the last days are the primary concern.
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OBJECTIVES: In order to investigate the effect of cultural and ethnic differences on the development of self-image, we conducted a cross-cultural study on Korean, Korean-Chinese and Chinese adolescents. METHODS: A total of 1576 Korean middle and high school students in Seoul/Choongju, 665 Korean-Chinese students and 634 Chinese students living in Yunbyun, China participated in this study. The Korean version of the Offer Self-Image Questionnaire was administered to Korean students, and the Chinese version of the questionnaire was administered to Korean-Chinese and Chinese students. The data obtained from all subjects were analyzed according to ethnicity and age variable through ANOVA. RESULTS: A significant difference across ethnicity was found in the 12 subscales and the total self-image score of OSIQ-R. Korean adolescents obtained significantly higher scores in all of the 11 subscales except the sexuality subscale than Korean-Chinese and Chinese adolescents. Korean-Chinese adolescents obtained significantly higher scores on the ethical value, idealism, family functioning, social functioning, impulse control, self-confidence and total self-image scores than Chinese adolescents, whereas Chinese adolescents obtained significantly higher scores in the subscales of emotional tone, sexuality, vocational attitudes, and self-reliance than Korean-Chinese adolescents. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the possibility that the difference in ethnicity(Korean versus Chinese), the tradition associated with each ethnic group, and the cultural-political factor(democracy versus socialism) significantly affects the development of self-image in adolescents. Although Korean-Chinese adolescents seemed to show cultural pluralism between Korean and Chinese cultures, they were similar to Korean adolescents in their tendency to respond in socially desirable ways, which suggests that although raised under the different cultural systems, traditional Korean ethical values were learned and internalized within the family.