RESUMO
Plant-based traditional medicine system continues to play a vital role in the healthcare system with about 80% of the world’s inhabitants relying mainly on traditional medicines for their primary health care. Modern knowledge on medicinal plant research till contains at least 25% drugs and many others, which are synthetic analogues, built on prototype compounds isolated from medicinal plants. The ongoing growing recognition of medicinal plants is due to escalating faith in herbal medicine. There are many contradictory theories on the subject of herbal Medicines and their relationship regarding with human physiology and mental function. There is a need to develop evaluative data by using sophisticated modern techniques of standardization of Ayurvedic formulations to tackle the issues of negative criticism of Ayurvedic formulations and increased toxicity reports. These kinds of phytochemical investigation both qualitatively and quantitatively will help in understanding the phytochemical composition and safety of herbal formulation. Croton bonplandianum Baill is often called Ban Tulsi (Jungle tulsi). The parts of plant are widely used in traditional system of medicine such as hepatoprotective, swelling of the body, cure against ring worms and skin disease, antihypertensive, antioxidant, wound healing, antifungal, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antitumor, anticancer, acute constipation, abdominal dropsy, internal abscesses, antifertility, antispasmodic, antiseptic, antidote, analgesic, repellent property against insects, nematicide, anticoronary, anti-inflammatory, larvicidal activity, antihelmentic, this is also used for treatment of cholera, boils, bowel complaints, chicken pox, diarrhoea, dysentry, eye diseases, cold and coughs, epilepsy, gastric disorders, insanity, jaundice, liver complaints, scurvy, sprains, malaria, rheumatism, and so on. Due to its slow rate of conventional multiplication, the plant is very high in demand. In this review report we collected information related to taxonomy, monographs, distribution, morphology, phytochemistry, traditional uses and pharmacological studies of Croton bonplandianum Baill plant in details.
RESUMO
Aims: To characterize the phytocompounds of different parts of Croton bonplandianum using GCMS. Study Design: GC-MS analysis of bioactive constituents of C. bonplandianum. Place and Duration of Study: Post Graduate and Research Department of Biochemistry at Government Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam and Food Safety and Quality Testing Laboratory, Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India, between May, 2011 to June, 2012. Methodology: The C. bonplandianum leaf and fruit (25 grams) powder was soaked in 60 ml of ethanol each and kept at room temperature for 12 hours and the fresh latex of 10 ml was mixed with 90 ml of ethanol and kept at shaker for 3 hours. The samples were filtered and concentrated. Each sample was subjected to phytochemical analysis using GC-MS. Results: The GC-MS analysis showed peaks of twenty one phytocompounds from different parts of C. bonplandianum. Out of which five compounds were found in leaf, one compound in latex and fifteen compounds in fruits. The highest peak area of 88.69% for 16-Hexadecanoyl hydrazide and the lowest peak area of 1.39% for Phytol were obtained in leaf extract. The latex of C. bonplandianum showed that the presence of Myo-Inositol, 2-C-methyl with the peak area of 30.8%. The fruits of C. bonplandianum showed that the presence of 9, 12, 15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester (z,z,z)- with the highest peak area of 41.81% and 2-Hexen-1-ol, 2-ethyl with the lowest peak area of 0.69%. Conclusion: The phytochemical constituents of C. bonplandianum have been screened and the isolation of individual bioactive compounds from C. bonplandianum will be helpful to find new drugs.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT The antibacterial activity of the alkaloid extract from the leaves of Croton bonplandianum Baill. and its main compounds, sparsiflorine and crotsparine, was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the resazurin microtitre-plate method. Pure compounds were identified by spectroscopic techniques, mainly 1D and 2D NMR. The alkaloid extract showed activity particularly against the S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Regarding the pure compounds, the crotsparine was inactive against the microorganisms assayed, whereas the sparsiflorine indicated a moderate activity similar to the alkaloid extract. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most sensitive of the tested microorganisms with MIC of 0.141 mg/mL. The results suggest that the activity of the extract may be credited mainly to the presence of the sparsiflorine. Although the activity of the sparsiflorine does not get close to the antimicrobial drugs in clinical use, it still could be a lead compound for the development of new antibacterial substances.
RESUMO A atividade antibacteriana do extrato alcaloidal das folhas de Croton bonplandianum Baill., além dos principais compostos isolados, esparsiflorina e crotsparina, foi testada contra Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Foi utilizado o método de microdiluição em placa empregando resazurina como indicador da viabilidade celular. Os compostos isolados foram identificados por técnicas espectroscópicas, principalmente RMN 1D e 2D. O extrato alcaloidal foi ativo principalmente contra S. aureus e P. aeruginosa. Crotsparina mostrou-se inativa contra todos os micro-organismos testados, enquanto esparsiflorina apresentou atividade moderada, a qual foi similar à do extrato bruto. Pseudomonas aeruginosa foi a mais sensível das bactérias testadas, com CIM de 0,141 mg/mL. Os resultados sugerem que a atividade do extrato pode ser devida em grande medida pela presença de esparsiflorina. Apesar de a CIM da esparsiflorina não ter se aproximado daquela apresentada pelos agentes antimicrobianos em uso clínico, tal composto ainda pode compor um protótipo interessante para o desenvolvimento de novas substâncias antibacterianas.