Cultura de segurança em unidades de terapia intensiva na perspectiva da equipe multiprofissional: Estudo multicêntrico / Cultura de seguridad en unidades de terapia intensiva en la perspectiva del equipo multiprofesional: Estudio multicéntrico / Safety Culture in intensive care units from multiprofessional team perspective: A multicenter study

Resumo Introdução: A Cultura de Segurança do Paciente é considerada um importante componente estrutural dos serviços, que favorece a implantação de práticas seguras e a diminuição da ocorrência de eventos adversos. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados à cultura de segurança do paciente nas unidades de terapia intensiva adulto em hospitais de grande porte da região Sudeste do Brasil. Método: Estudo transversal do tipo survey e multicêntrico. Participaram 168 profissionais de saúde de quatro unidades (A, B, C e D) de terapia intensiva adulto. Foi utilizado o questionário "Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture". Considerou-se como variável dependente o nível de cultura de segurança do paciente e variáveis independentes aspectos sociodemográficos e laborais. Foram usadas estatísticas descritivas e para a análise dos fatores associados foi elaborado um modelo de regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: Identificou-se associação entre tipo de hospital com onze dimensões da cultura de segurança, quanto à função a categoria profissional médico, técnico de enfermagem e enfermeiro foram relacionadas com três dimensões; o gênero com duas dimensões e tempo de atuação no setor com uma dimensão. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que o tipo de hospital, categoria profissional, tempo de atuação no setor e gênero foram associados às dimensões de cultura de segurança do paciente.

Resumen Introducción: La cultura de seguridad del paciente se considera un componente estructural importante de los servicios, que favorece la aplicación de prácticas seguras y la reducción de la aparición de acontecimientos adversos. Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a la cultura de seguridad del paciente en unidades de terapia intensiva adulto en hospitales de la región Sudeste del Brasil. Metodología: Estudio transversal de tipo encuesta y multicéntrico. Participaron 168 profesionales de salud de cuatro unidades (A, B, C y D) de terapia intensiva adulto. Se utilizó el cuestionario "Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture". Se consideró como variable dependiente el nivel de cultura de seguridad del paciente y variables independientes los aspectos sociodemográficos y laborales. Fueron usadas estadísticas descriptivas y, para analizar los factores asociados, fue elaborado un modelo de regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: Se identificó asociación entre tipo de hospital con once dimensiones de cultura de seguridad del paciente. En relación a la función, personal médico, técnicos de enfermería y personal de enfermería fueron asociados con tres dimensiones, el género con dos dimensiones y tiempo de actuación con una dimensión en el modelo de regresión. Conclusión: Se evidenció que el tipo de hospital, función, tiempo de actuación en el sector y género fueron asociados a las dimensiones de la cultura de seguridad del paciente.

Abstract Introduction: Patient safety culture is considered an important structural component of the services, which promotes the implementation of safe practices and the reduction of adverse events. Objective: To identify the factors associated with patient safety culture in adult intensive care units in large hospitals in Belo Horizonte. Method: Cross-sectional survey and multicenter study. A total of 168 health professionals from four units (A, B, C and D) of adult intensive care participated. The questionnaire "Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture" was used. The patient's level of safety culture was considered as a dependent variable, and sociodemographic and labor aspects were the independent variables. Descriptive statistics were used and a multiple logistic regression model was developed to analyze the associated factors. Results: An association was identified between the type of hospital and eleven dimensions of the safety culture. In terms of function, the doctors, nursing technicians, and nurse were related to three dimensions; gender with two dimensions, and time working in the sector with one dimension. Conclusion: It was evidenced that the type of hospital, function, time working in the sector, and gender were associated with the dimensions of patient safety culture.

Identification of microorganisms in wet coffee fermentation Coffea arabica Var Catimor and Castillo in Jardín, Antioquia-Colombia, using culture-dependent methods / Identificación de microorganismos en fermentación húmeda de café Coffea arabica Var Catimor y Castillo en Jardín, Antioquia-Colombia, usando métodos cultivo-dependientes

Background: Mild Colombian coffees are recognized worldwide for their high-quality coffee cup. However, there have been some failures in post-harvest practices, such as coffee grain fermentation. These failures could occasionally lead to defects and inconsistencies in quality products and economic losses for coffee farmers. In Colombia, one of the fermentation methods most used by coffee growers is wet fermentation, conducted by submerging the de-pulped coffee beans for enough time in water tanks to remove the mucilage. Objectives: We evaluated the effect of the water (g)/de-pulped coffee (g) ratio (I: 0/25, II: 10/25, III: 20/25) and final fermentation time (24, 48, and 72 hours) on the total number of microbial groups. We also identified microorganisms of interest as starter cultures. Methods: We used a completely randomized experimental design with two factors; the effect of the water (g)/de-pulped coffee (g) ratio (I: 0/25, II: 10/25, III: 20/25) and final fermentation time (24, 48, and 72 hours), for 9 treatments with two replicates. During the coffee fermentation (1,950 g), the pH and °Brix were monitored. Total counts of different microbial groups (mesophiles, coliforms, lactic-acid bacteria, acetic-acid bacteria, and yeasts) were performed. Various isolates of microorganisms of interest as starter cultures (lactic-acid bacteria and yeasts) were identified using molecular sequencing techniques. Results: 21 lactic-acid bacteria (LAB) isolates and 22 yeasts were obtained from the different mini-batch fermentation systems. The most abundant lactic-acid bacteria species found were Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (46%) and Levilactobacillus brevis (31%). Pichia kluivery (39%) and Torulaspora delbrueckii (22%) were the most abundant yeast species. Conclusion The studied factors did not have effect over the microorganism's development. The identified bacterial and yeasts species have potential as starter cultures for better-quality coffees and in fermentation-related applications.

Antecedentes: Los cafés suaves lavados colombianos son reconocidos a nivel mundial por su buena puntuación sensorial; sin embargo, se han detectado fallas en las prácticas de postcosecha, como lo es la fermentación de los granos de café. Dichas fallas pueden causar defectos y carecer de consistencia en la calidad del producto, ocasionando pérdidas económicas para los caficultores. En Colombia, uno de los métodos más usados por los caficultores es la fermentación húmeda, la cual consiste en sumergir los granos de café despulpado en tanques con agua por un período de tiempo que permita la remoción del mucílago. Objetivos: La presente investigación evaluó la incidencia que tienen la proporción agua/granos despulpados de café (I: 0/25, II: 10/25, III: 20/25) y el tiempo final de fermentación (24, 48 y 72 horas) en el recuento final de grupos microbianos. Por otra parte, se identificaron taxonómicamente microorganismos de interés para su uso como cultivos iniciadores. Métodos: Mini-lotes consistieron en café despulpado (1950 g) puesto en recipientes de plástico abiertos y sumergidos en agua. Se aplicó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado de dos factores (proporción agua/ granos de café despulpado y tiempo) a tres niveles, para un total de nueve tratamientos con dos replicas. Durante las fermentaciones de café (1,950 g), el pH y los grados ºBrix, fueron monitoreados. Se realizaron los recuentos totales de los diferentes grupos microbianos: mesófilos, coliformes, bacterias ácido-lácticas, bacterias ácido-acéticas y levaduras. Se identificaron molecularmente diferentes aislados con potencial para ser usados como cultivos iniciadores (bacterias ácido-lácticas y levaduras). Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que no hubo diferencia estádisticamente significativa entre los tratamientos aplicados y el recuento final de microorganismos. Un total de 21 aislados de bacterias ácido-lácticas (BAL) y 22 levaduras lograron obtenerse a partir de los diferentes sistemas de fermentación en mini-lote. Las especies de bacterias ácido-lácticas con mayor porcentaje acorde a su identificación taxonómica, corresponden a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (46%), Levilactobacillus brevis (31%). Las especies de levaduras con mayor porcentaje acorde a su identificación taxonómica corresponden a Pichia kluivery (39%) y Torulaspora delbrueckii (22%). Conclusión Los factores estudiados no afectaron el crecimiento de ninguno de los grupos microbianos presentes en la fermentacion del café. Las especies de microorganismos identificados tienen potencial para se usados como cultivos starter o en aplicaciones dentro de las ciencias de fermentación.

Formación de la cultura metrológica desde las potencialidades del deporte y la Educación Física

Este artículo trata la formación de la cultura metrológica, en los estudiantes de la Educación Preuniversitaria, desde las potencialidades del deporte y las clases de Educación Física, como uno de los elementos que debe ser priorizado en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Física y como parte de la preparación de los estudiantes para la vida. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en diseñar un sistema de tareas docentes integradoras que permita aprovechar las potencialidades del deporte, en general, y las clases de Educación Física, en particular para la formación de la cultura metrológica en los estudiantes de décimo grado. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se utilizaron los métodos: analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, modelación, observación, análisis documental, encuesta, entrevista y estadística descriptiva que permitieron procesar la información referente al tema objeto de investigación; así como determinar las causas de las insuficiencias que se presentan en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Física, para la formación de la cultura metrológica de los estudiantes de décimo grado. El sistema de tareas docentes integradoras propuesto se caracterizó por armonizar núcleos conceptuales básicos para el tratamiento a los contenidos metrológicos como son la estimación y medición de magnitudes y la conversión de unidades de medida; además de aprovechar las potencialidades del deporte y las clases de Educación Física.

Este artigo trata da formação da cultura metrológica em alunos da Educação Pré-Universitária, a partir das potencialidades das aulas de esportes e de Educação Física, como um dos elementos que devem ser priorizados no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Física e como parte da preparação dos alunos para a vida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conceber um sistema de tarefas didáticas integradoras que permita aproveitar as potencialidades do esporte, em geral, e das aulas de Educação Física, em particular, para a formação da cultura metrológica em alunos do décimo ano. Para desenvolver a pesquisa foram utilizados os seguintes métodos: analítico-sintético, indutivo-dedutivo, modelagem, observação, análise documental, levantamento, entrevista e estatística descritiva que permitiram o tratamento das informações referentes ao tema sob investigação; bem como determinar as causas das insuficiências que surgem no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Física, para a formação da cultura metrológica dos alunos do décimo ano. O sistema de tarefas de ensino integrativo proposto caracterizou-se por harmonizar núcleos conceituais básicos para o tratamento de conteúdos metrológicos como a estimativa e medição de grandezas e a conversão de unidades de medida; além de aproveitar o potencial das aulas de esportes e Educação Física.

This article deals with the formation of metrological culture in Pre-University Education students, from the potential of sports and Physical Education classes, as one of the elements that must be prioritized in the teaching-learning process of Physics and as part of preparing students for life. The objective of this work was to design a system of integrative teaching tasks that allows taking advantage of the potential of sport, in general, and Physical Education classes, in particular, for the formation of metrological culture in tenth grade students. To develop the research, the following methods were used: analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, modeling, observation, documentary analysis, survey, interview and descriptive statistics that allowed the processing of information regarding the topic under investigation; as well as determine the causes of the insufficiencies that arise in the teaching-learning process of Physics, for the formation of the metrological culture of tenth grade students. The proposed system of integrative teaching tasks was characterized by harmonizing basic conceptual cores for the treatment of metrological content such as the estimation and measurement of magnitudes and the conversion of measurement units; in addition to taking advantage of potential of the sports and Physical Education classes.

La orientación vocacional en la Escuela de Iniciación Deportiva Escolar

La investigación se dirigió a resolver insuficiencias teóricas y metodológicas, relacionadas con la orientación vocacional hacia la carrera de Cultura Física, en el proceso formativo del estudiante preuniversitario de la Escuela de Iniciación Deportiva Escolar, pues el modelo de bachiller en este tipo de centros establece la necesidad de lograr una sólida preparación integral en los estudiantes, desde la formación docente y deportiva. Se planteó como objetivo elaborar una estrategia, sustentada en un modelo pedagógico, que contribuya a la orientación vocacional de los estudiantes preuniversitarios de la Escuela de Iniciación Deportiva Escolar hacia la carrera de Cultura Física. La población estuvo conformada por 102 estudiantes de décimo grado y 72 profesores. Se emplearon métodos y técnicas científicas como el histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, sistémico-estructural-funcional, modelación, observación participante y estructurada, análisis de documentos, evaluación por criterio de expertos, encuesta, talleres de opinión crítica y construcción colectiva, además de los métodos matemático-estadísticos. Los fundamentos del modelo pedagógico propiciaron resolver la contradicción entre las exigencias del modelo ideal explícito en los Programas Integrales de Preparación para el Deportista y las limitaciones de los profesores para desarrollar la orientación vocacional hacia esta Carrera. El modelo y la estrategia fueron sometidos a valoración, mediante criterio de expertos y ciclos de talleres de opinión crítica y construcción colectiva, los resultados permitieron confirmar transformaciones positivas en el tratamiento a la orientación vocacional del estudiante preuniversitario hacia la carrera de Cultura Física.

A pesquisa teve como objetivo solucionar insuficiências teóricas e metodológicas relacionadas à orientação vocacional para uma carreira na Cultura Física, no processo formativo do aluno pré-universitário da Escola de Iniciação Esportiva Escolar, uma vez que o modelo de bacharelado nesse tipo de centro estabelece a necessidade de alcançar uma sólida preparação integral nos alunos, a partir do ensino e do treinamento esportivo. O objetivo foi elaborar uma estratégia, baseada em um modelo pedagógico, que contribuísse para a orientação vocacional dos alunos pré-universitários da Escola de Iniciação Esportiva para uma carreira na Cultura Física. A população foi composta por 102 alunos da décima série e 72 professores. Foram utilizados métodos e técnicas científicos, tais como histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, indutivo-dedutivo, sistêmico-estrutural-funcional, modelagem, observação participante e estruturada, análise de documentos, avaliação por critérios de especialistas, pesquisa, oficinas de opinião crítica e construção coletiva, além de métodos matemático-estatísticos. Os fundamentos do modelo pedagógico ajudaram a resolver a contradição entre as exigências do modelo ideal explícito nos Programas Integrais de Preparação do Atleta e as limitações dos professores no desenvolvimento da orientação vocacional para essa carreira. O modelo e a estratégia foram submetidos à avaliação, por meio de critérios de especialistas e ciclos de oficinas de opinião crítica e construção coletiva, e os resultados permitiram confirmar transformações positivas no tratamento da orientação vocacional do aluno pré-universitário para a carreira da Cultura Física.

The research was aimed at resolving theoretical and methodological insufficiencies, related to the vocational orientation towards the Physical Culture career, in the training process of the pre-university student of the School Sports Initiation School, since the high school model in this type of centers establishes the need to achieve a solid comprehensive preparation in students, from teaching and sports training. The objective was to develop a strategy, supported by a pedagogical model, that contributes to the vocational orientation of pre-university students from the School of School Sports Initiation Schools towards the Physical Culture career. The population was made up of 102 tenth grade students and 72 teachers. Scientific methods and techniques were used such as historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, systemic-structural-functional, modeling, participant and structured observation, document analysis, evaluation by expert criteria, survey, critical opinion workshops and collective construction, in addition to mathematical-statistical methods. The foundations of the pedagogical model helped resolve the contradiction between the demands of the ideal model explicit in the Comprehensive Preparation Programs for Athletes and the limitations of teachers to develop vocational orientation towards this Career. The model and strategy were subjected to evaluation, through expert criteria and cycles of critical opinion and collective construction workshops, the results allowed confirming positive transformations in the treatment of the vocational orientation of the pre-university student towards the Physical Culture career.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Panax ginseng and Hedysarum neglectum root crop extracts / Atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante de extratos de raízes de Panax ginseng e Hedysarum neglectum

In order to ensure the timely and uninterrupted supply of medicinal plant raw materials, the methods of cultivation of plant cell cultures, namely, the production of plant root cultures, are relevant. In this paper, the geroprotective potential of Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb and Panax ginseng C. A. Mey root cultures is studied. They were cultured under in vitro conditions by transforming the rhizome (H. neglectum) and seed seedlings (P. ginseng) with Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 Swiss. To identify the geroprotective potential, the antimicrobial disc-diffusion method and the antioxidant activity were analyzed by titration of KMnO4 extracts of plant root cultures. The qualitative and quantitative composition was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. In the course of the work, the presence of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of plant root culture extracts was established. Biologically active substances contained in extracts of Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb root crops and Panax ginseng C. A. Mey are characterized by geroprotective potential, so they can act as a source of natural antioxidants in the functional nutrition of the geroprotective orientation.

Para garantir o abastecimento em tempo e ininterrupto de matérias-primas de plantas medicinais, são relevantes os métodos de cultivo de culturas de células vegetais, nomeadamente a produção de culturas de raízes vegetais. Neste trabalho, foi estudado o potencial geroprotetor de culturas de raízes de Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb e Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. Eles foram cultivados em condições in vitro pela transformação do rizoma (H. neglectum) e mudas de sementes (P. ginseng) com Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 Swiss. Para identificar o potencial geroprotetor, o método antimicrobiano de difusão em disco e a atividade antioxidante foram analisados por titulação de extratos de KMnO4 de raízes de plantas. A composição qualitativa e quantitativa foi analisada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, cromatografia em camada delgada e cromatografia gasosa com espectrometria de massa. No decorrer do trabalho, foi constatada a presença de atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante dos extratos de raízes de plantas. Substâncias biologicamente ativas contidas em extratos de raízes de H. neglectum Ledeb e P. ginseng C. A. Mey são caracterizadas pelo potencial geroprotetor, podendo atuar como fonte de antioxidantes naturais na nutrição funcional da orientação geroprotetora.

Source and application of seed cells in bioartificial liver support system / 临床肝胆病杂志

So far， there are still no specific treatment methods for severe hepatitis and liver failure， resulting in a mortality rate of over 70%， and they are the difficulties in the treatment of critical illness in China and globally. Liver transplantation is currently the most effective treatment method for end-stage liver disease， but only 1%‍ ‍—‍ ‍2% of patients can receive the opportunity for organ transplantation. The bioartificial liver support system utilizes external mechanical， physical， and biological devices to remove various harmful substances accumulated in the patient’s body， compensate for the metabolic functions of the liver， supplement necessary substances， improve internal environment， promote the recovery of liver function， help patients get through the critical period， and save time for liver transplantation， and therefore， it is considered one of the important methods for the treatment of end-stage liver disease. Since hepatocytes are the core element of bioartificial liver， this article summarizes the sources of liver seed cells， 3D culture methods， and corresponding bioreactor culture systems and hopes to gradually solve the core issue of large-scale in vitro preparation of hepatocytes to obtain hepatocytes with adequate quantity and quality， which urgently needs to be addressed in clinical application.

Characteristic analysis of fibracel carriers for animal cell culture / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To investigate the surface properties of different fibracel carriers and their culture effects on different cells.Methods Three fibracel carriers(A,B,C)were selected to analyze the chemical element composition of their materials,and the contact angles of the carriers before and after pretreatment with 0. 1 mol/L NaOH solution were tested. By measuring the adhesion effect and glucose consumption of Vero,MDCK and MRC-5 cells on the carrier,and observing the cell growth state by fluorescent staining,the cell adhesion efficiency and culture effect of the three carriers were compared and analyzed.Results The three carriers were mainly composed of C,H,O,and contained a small amount of N and S elements. Before pretreatment,the contact angle of carrier B was 0°,which was significantly lower than that of A[(109 ± 3. 13)°]and C[(121 ± 6. 82)°]（each F = 709. 1,each P < 0. 000 1）,and the hydrophilicity was stronger. Carriers A and C had poor hydrophilicity. After pretreatment,the contact angles of the surfaces of the three carriers A,B,and C were all 0°,with no significant difference(F = 0. 069 4,P > 0. 05),all of which were hydrophilic. The adherence rates of the three types of carriers within 3 h of cell culture were all above 80%. The cells were dense and evenly grown on the carrier fibers,the glucose consumption curves tended to“S”type,and the continuous cell culture effect was good. The total glucose consumption of carrier A and carrier C was basically the same,and carrier B was lower than carrier A and carrier C.Conclusion The chemical element composition and the relationship between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the three fibracel carriers were analyzed,and the adhesion rate and culture effect of Vero,MDCK and MRC-5 cells were evaluated,which provide reference for the subsequent research and production application of fibracel carriers.

Isolation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in transgenic pigs and co-culture with porcine islets / 器官移植

Objective To investigate the isolation and culture of porcine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) with α-1, 3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) gene knockout (GTKO), GTKO/ human CD46 (hCD46) insertion and cytidine monopho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH)/GGTA1 gene knockout (Neu5GC/Gal), and the protective effect of co-culture with porcine islets on islet cells. Methods Bone marrow was extracted from different transgenic pigs modified with GTKO, GTKO/hCD46 and Neu5GC/Gal. Porcine BMSC were isolated by the whole bone marrow adherent method and then cultured. The morphology of BMSC was observed and the surface markers of BMSC were identified by flow cytometry. Meantime, the multi-directional differentiation induced by BMSC was observed, and the labeling and tracing of BMSC were realized by green fluorescent protein (GFP) transfection. The porcine BMSC transfected with GFP were co-cultured with porcine islet cells. Morphological changes of porcine islet cells were observed, and compared with those in the porcine islet cell alone culture group. Results BMSC derived from pigs were spindle-shaped in vitro, expressing biomarkers of CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD166 rather than CD34 and CD45. These cells were able to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Porcine BMSC with GFP transfection could be labeled and traced, which could be stably expressed in the daughter cells after cell division. Porcine BMSC exerted certain protective effect on islet cells. Conclusions GFP-labeled porcine BMSC modified with GTKO, GTKO/hCD46 and Neu5GC/Gal are successfully established, which exert certain protective effect upon islet cells.

Culture of rabbit corneal stromal cells on thermo-sensitive materials by the radiation polymerization / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the synthesis of thermo-sensitive poly N-isopropylacry-lamide(PNIPAAm)and the petri dish grafted with PNIPAAm hydrogels by the electron accelerator, as well as the growth conditions and the biological characteristics of rabbit corneal stromal cells on thermo-sensitive PNIPAAm hydrogels, and the cell sheets obtained from the PNIPAAm hydrogels.METHODS: NIPAAm monomer was dissolved in 2-propanol at concentrations of 55% with 0.5% N,N'-Methylenebisacry-lamide(MBA). Solution(70 μL)was added and spread uniformly over 35 mm petri dish. These dishes were immediately subjected to irradiation. After follow-up treatment, rabbit corneal stromal cells were cultured on thermo-sensitive petri dish in vitro.RESULTS: According to the monomer formula and radiation synthesis scheme in this experiment, PNIPAAm can be synthesized on the surface of the petri dish. Rabbit corneal stromal cells grew well in the thermo- sensitive surface and can be separated into sheets.CONCLUSION: The single and multilayer carrier-free cell sheets can be obtained from the use of thermo-sensitive petri dish.

Sputum bacterial culture and drug resistance of 475 patients with pneumonia / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in sputum culture of pneumonia, and to provide evidence for the rational application of clinical antibacterial drugs . Methods The clinical data of 475 patients with positive sputum bacterial culture admitted to department of respiratory medicine of Neijiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2020 to May 2023 were collected. The types and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from sputum culture were statistically analyzed . Results A total of 539 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the sputum culture of 475 patients with pneumonia, including 344 strains (63.82%) of Gram-negative bacteria [mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae (79 strains, 14.66%)] and 195 strains (36.18%) of Gram-positive bacteria [mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae (70 strains, 12.99%)]. Klebsiella pneumoniae was highly sensitive to aztreonam, levofloxacin, amikacin, imipenem, and ertapenem, with the sensitivity rates of 94.67%, 92.41%, 94.87%, 96.00% and 98.67% respectively. Streptococcus pneumoniae was absolutely sensitive to teicoplanin, vancomycin and linezolid, and was highly sensitive to cefpirome, levofloxacin, imipenem and ertapenem, with the sensitivity rates of 94.29%, 91.43%, 97.14% and 98.48%. Conclusions The common pathogenic bacteria of patients with pneumonia in Neijiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine include Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Various pathogenic bacteria have different degrees of resistance to common antibacterial drugs. It is necessary to combine with the types and drug susceptibility results of pathogenic bacteria for the rational application of antibacterial drugs.

Optimization and identification of a low density and high purity method for primary hippocampal neuron culture from fetal rats / 解剖学报

Objective To establish a low density, high purity and high stability in vitro culture method of primary hippocampal neurons of fetal rats by co-culturing hippocampal and cortical cells, so as to obtain higher purity and better vitality of primary hippocampal neurons disease. Methods The fetal rat hippocampal tissue was isolated from 16-18 days pregnant SD rats, then cut and digested by 0.125% trypsin. The obtained cell suspension was filtered by 200 mesh cell sieve, and then the obtained cell suspensions were then inoculated into the inner layer and outer ring of the culture plate in a surrounding form. They were co-cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% horse serum. After 4-6 hours of cell adhesion, the culture medium was changed to maintenance medium (Neurobasal+2% B27+0.5 mmol/L glutamine). Then the cell viability was detected with CCK-8 kit and the purity of hippocampal neurons was detected by immunofluorescent staining. Results Hippocampal neurons grew well and formed crisscross neural networks after 5 days. And it could survive for 3 weeks. The purity of hippocampal neurons was up to 98%. Conclusion The method of co-culturing hippocampal and cortical cells can obtain high-purity, high activity, high survival rate, and high stability primary hippocampal neurons from fetal rats, which can provide certain experimental conditions for the study of hippocampal neuron related diseases in the nervous system and is worthy of promotion and application.

Ideas and methods of in vitro model establishment for cell microenvironment in COPD / 中国药理学通报

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) major chronic disease threatening public health with complex pathological mechanisms. The change of the cell microenvironment of the lung is an important part of the pathophysiology of COPD. Cell culture technology is an important method to investigate the pathological mechanism of COPD and evaluate the pharmacological effect of medicine. Here we introduce the composition of the cell microenvironment of the lung, the change of the cell microenvironment in the pathological process of COPD, and summarize the application of in vitro model mimics cell microenvironment of COPD in the study of mechanism. In addition, we aim to put forward the ideas of the in vitro model establishment of cell microenvironment of COPD.

Development and verification of multiplex fluorescent quantitative PCR for detection of bacteria and fungi in cell culture medium / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To develop and verify a multiplex fluorescent quantitative PCR method for detection of common bacterial and fungal contaminants in cell culture medium.Methods According to NUC gene of Staphylococcus aureus,COLA gene of Clostridium spore,ITS-2 segment sequence of Candida albicans,a set of primers and probes were designed for each respectively,and using UBI3 gene of capsicum introduced as external standard gene,a triple reaction system of Staphylococcus aureus,Clostridium spore and external standard gene and a double reaction system of Candida albicans and external standard gene were established.The primer specificity,linear range,limit of detection,specificity,anti-interference performance and precision of the method were verified.Finally,100 samples of 293T cell culture medium were detected by using the developed method,which was compared with the common PCR method.Results Three pairs of primers all amplified about 100 bp specific gene bands corresponding to the three strains at different annealing temperatures(56,57,58 and59 ℃),and the size was consistent with the expected.In the range of 5.80 × 10~6 — 5.80 × 10~2 copies/μL,the standard plasmids of the three strains showed a good linear relationship with the Ct values.The standard curve equations were:Y=-3.373 X+37.48,Y=-3.557X+36.59 and Y=-3.536 X+39.78,each R~2> 0.99,respectively,and the amplification efficiency was in the range of 90%—110%.All the limits of detection of the three strains were 10~1 CFU/mL.The primers and probes of the three strains showed no specific amplification on the genomic DNA of six kinds of cells that were prone to cross-reaction.The genomic DNA of 293T cells,Yeast,Escherichia coli and Mycoplasma sp.had no effect on the detection.The CVs of repeatability and intermediate precision verification were both less than 15%.Among 100 cell culture medium samples,14 positive and 86 negative samples were detected,and the results of common PCR method for three positive and two negative samples randomly selected were consistent with the developed method.Conclusion The multiplex fluorescent quantitative PCR method developed in this study for the detection of bacteria and fungi in cell culture medium has good specificity,anti-interference performance and precision,and is simple to operate with low cost and high sensitivity,which can quickly detect the contaminants during cell culture.

Research on the Communication Path of Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture from the Perspective of Industry-University-Research Collaborative Innovation / 中国医学伦理学

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an indispensable carrier of traditional culture for China to embrace the world. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the state proposed to "comprehensively promote the building of a healthy China, attach equal importance to TCM and western medicine, and vigorously develop the cultural industry of TCM". Promoting the development of TCM cultural industry needs scientific and innovative approaches. This paper explored how to realize the communication path of TCM culture from the perspective of "Industry-University-Research". Based on the analysis of the current situation of TCM culture communication, taking Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine as an example, this paper integrated technology, human resources, resources, environment and information and other collaborative innovation elements to effectively gather, and explored a new way for the collaborative development of TCM communication with enterprises, schools, scientific research institutions and et al, aiming to further help TCM culture go abroad.

Analysis on the All Media Communication Path of Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture under the Background of the Epidemic Prevention and Control / 中国医学伦理学

As an important part of China’s excellent traditional culture, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) culture contains rich philosophical thoughts and has made important contributions to human health. The advent of the all media era has provided an opportunity for the full effect communication of TCM culture. On the basis of clarifying the scientific connotation of all media, this paper analyzed the dilemma faced by the all media communication of TCM culture under the background of the epidemic, and explored the all media communication path of TCM culture from four aspects: new ecology of content, new system of technology, new model of management, and new targeting of audience, so as to improve the communication, guidance, influence and credibility of the all media of TCM culture.

Cultivation of "Emotion" Element in Red Doctors Spirit in Medical Students’ Humanistic Quality / 中国医学伦理学

The red doctors spirit is a special cultural form formed by the Chinese Communist Party in the long-term revolutionary struggle practice, and it has important practical significance and value of the times in the new era. Medicine is a subject integrating natural science and humanities. The element of "emotion" is the embodiment of traditional Chinese medical culture. It plays a role in cultivating doctors’ spirit and solving practical problems in current medical activities. By digging the four aspects of the "emotion" element in red doctors spirit of political loyalty to the party, the moral sentiment of saving the dying and healing the wounded, the rational decision-making under the transformation of medical situation, the response and processing ability of bad public opinion, and integrating it into the humanistic education of medical students. This paper explored the effective ways and promotion models of the element of "emotion" education in the growth of medical talents, so as to promote the cultivation of medical talents’ moral cultivation and ethical decision-making ability, enhance the professionalism and humanistic cultivation of medical students, and cultivate a group of medical talents with political firmness and reasonable consideration for the country.

Interpretation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture in Jing Xian’s Yi Xue Cong Zheng Lun from the Perspective of Narrative Medicine / 中国医学伦理学

On the whole, the Yi Xue Cong Zheng Lun written by Jing Xian, a famous doctor in modern Liaoning, outlines the unique vision of the narrative medicine focusing on "benevolence". To be specific, the writing is good at constructing narrative projection, and makes full use of the essence of relevant traditional culture such as the body-country integration idea, the military strategy and tactics and the calligraphy aesthetics concept to create narrative schema. It focus on the concrete example narration of the cultural ideology of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), such as the concept of interlinked viscera, the ideology that the characteristics of the treatment remain the same as the external properties of the disease, the compatibility of opposite and complementary and the idea of making prescriptions and selecting optimal Chinese herbal medicines. In addition, Jing Xian has constructed his professional identity as a doctor of TCM through in-depth narrative reflection. From the perspective of narrative medicine, the study of Yi Xue Cong Zheng Lun has certain instruction and reference significance in the inheritance of TCM culture, and can help to promote the in-depth exploration and multi-dimensiona reflection of "modern Liaoning TCM culture".

Practical Analysis on the Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture into Ideological Education in Colleges and Universities / 中国医学伦理学

Colleges and universities are not only an important base for cultivating young talents, but also the forefront of ideological education. Strengthening ideological education in colleges and universities is related to the long-term peace and stability of the party and the country. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a great creation of the Chinese nation and a treasure of ancient Chinese science. In the face of COVID -19, the TCM delivered in a satisfactory answer, which once again blessed the life and health of the people. TCM culture condenses the experience and wisdom of the Chinese nation for nearly one thousand years, and has unique national characteristics and spiritual pursuit. It is a great creation of Chinese culture. In the context of the new era, integrating TCM culture into ideological education in colleges and universities and giving full play to the function of TCM culture as the "key" of Chinese civilization is not only the urgent call of moral education in colleges and universities, but also the realistic development requirement of contemporary China.

Connotation System, Interpretation Logic and Educational Construction of Red Doctor’s Culture / 中国医学伦理学

The red doctor’s culture is a cultural system with strong vitality and excellent genes created by the people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China in the process of creating health undertakings, and is the unity of the red revolutionary culture, the culture of medical care and health, and the culture of medical education.Its interpretation is from the perspective of historical logic, theoretical logic, practical logic, value logic and overall logic,in the meantime it is of great educational significance to the cultivation of red doctor’s in the new era, the way of practice can be explored from the following aspects: the excavation of red doctor’s cultural history, the refinement of red doctor’s cultural value, the practice of red doctor’s cultural spirit, the improvement of red doctor’s cultural literacy, the innovation of red doctor’s cultural scene, and the construction of red doctor’s cultural curriculum system.

Organ Donation in the New Era under the Influence of Traditional Culture / 中国医学伦理学

The "Chinese model" of organ donation and transplantation in China has gradually been praised by the world. However, the shortage of organ is still the biggest difficulty at present, so it is urgent to improve the organ donation rate among the public and the number of individual organ donations. Through combing and analyzing some important values in Chinese traditional culture, this paper tried to help today’s organ donation find an appropriate value guidance, in order to promote the development of organ donation and transplantation in China.