Ceratobasidium ramicola IBRLCM127, an endophytic fungus isolated from Curcuma mangga Valeton & Zijp with strong anti-candidal activity

Ceratobasidium ramicola IBRLCM127, an endophytic fungus isolated from the rhizome of the local medicinal plantCurcuma mangga Valeton & Zijp, was found to possess significant anti-candidal activity. This fungal endophyte wascultivated in submerged fermentation system using yeast sucrose medium supplemented with host plant water extractand cultivated at 25°C, agitated at 120 rpm for 12 days. The ethyl acetate was used as a solvent to extract compoundsin the fermentative broth. The fungal ethyl acetate extract demonstrated significant inhibitory zones toward cells ofCandida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 2.5 mg/ml, of which exerting yeastocidaleffect. The time–kill study conducted at three distinct ethyl acetate concentrations (half MIC, MIC, and 2 MICvalues) revealed that the growth of C. albicans cells was concentration-dependent. Yeastostatic activity was shownat lower concentration and yeastocidal activity was shown at higher concentration. The structural degeneration of theC. albicans cells after treated with ethyl acetate extract was observed under the scanning and transmission electronmicroscopes and the results exhibited various cell deformities including severe damage of the cell extracellularly andintracellularly which led to cell death beyond repair, thus suggesting that the extract could be a potential antifungalagent.

Non-aqueous extracts of Curcuma mangga rhizomes induced cell death in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29) via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G

Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic activity of the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Curcuma mangga rhizomes against human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT29). Methods: The cytotoxic activity of the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Curcuma mangga rhizomes against human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT29) was determined by using the SRB assay. Results: The ethyl acetate extract showed a higher cytotoxic effect compared to the hexane extract. Morphological changes of the HT29 cells such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbling and formation of apoptotic bodies while changes in nuclear morphology like chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation were observed. Further evidence of apoptosis in HT29 cells was further supported by the externalization of phosphatidylserine which indicate early sign of apoptosis. Conclusions: The early sign of apoptosis is consistent with the cell cycle arrest at the G

Non-aqueous extracts of Curcuma mangga rhizomes induced cell death in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29) via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the cytotoxic activity of the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Curcuma mangga rhizomes against human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT29).@*METHODS@#The cytotoxic activity of the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Curcuma mangga rhizomes against human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT29) was determined by using the SRB assay.@*RESULTS@#The ethyl acetate extract showed a higher cytotoxic effect compared to the hexane extract. Morphological changes of the HT29 cells such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbling and formation of apoptotic bodies while changes in nuclear morphology like chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation were observed. Further evidence of apoptosis in HT29 cells was further supported by the externalization of phosphatidylserine which indicate early sign of apoptosis.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The early sign of apoptosis is consistent with the cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 checkpoint which suggests that the changes on the cell cycle lead to the induction of apoptosis in HT29.