Consideraciones en la Renovación Curricular de la Carrera de Odontología en la Universidad de La Frontera, Chile

Dentro de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad de La Frontera surge la necesidad de pasar por un proceso de renovación curricular. Para esto, se deben considerar tres ejes: la Mención en Prevención con la que cuenta el plan de estudios de Odontología, la coherencia con la legislación chilena y el Modelo Educativo de la Universidad en la formación y gestión de la carrera, y las metodologías de formación actualizadas. La Mención en Prevención se debe fortalecer para entregar una formación integral a los estudiantes, con énfasis en la responsabilidad social. La legislación chilena actualmente exige una revisión sistemática al plan de estudios de Odontología para cumplir con los estándares de calidad, y paralelamente la Universidad propone un Modelo Educativo que entrega un sello de calidad al trabajo de la casa de estudios, con el cual la carrera también debe alinearse. Por otra parte, la constante actualización de conocimientos disciplinares y pedagógicos en Odontología deben ser considerados y estudiados para un óptimo resultado en el proceso de renovación curricular, como así también la inclusión de las nuevas herramientas tecnológicas que se han desarrollado. Estos son ejes esenciales a considerar para generar impacto en educación en Odontología.

Within the dentistry program of the University of La Frontera, there is a need to undergo a process of curricular renewal. For this, three axes must be considered: Mention in Prevention in the Dentistry curriculum, the coherence with the Chilean legislation and the Educational Model of the University in the training and management of the program, and the updated training methodologies. The Mention in Prevention should be strengthened to provide comprehensive training to students, with emphasis on social responsibility. Chilean legislation currently requires a systematic review of the dentistry curriculum to comply with quality standards, and at the same time the University proposes an Educational Model that provides a quality seal for the work of the university, with which the program must also be aligned. On the other hand, the constant updating of disciplinary and pedagogical knowledge in Dentistry must be considered and studied for an optimal result in the process of curricular renovation, as well as the inclusion of new technological tools that have been developed. These are essential axes to consider in order to generate impact on education in dentistry.

Programa pedagógico tradicional de la parasitología humana o médica / Traditional educational program of human or medical parasitology

RESUMEN Es fundamental la enseñanza de la parasitología humana para los estudiantes de las carreras de ciencias de la salud, especialmente la médica, por ser un importante problema de salud pública con distribución mundial, con alta frecuencia en países de bajos recursos económicos y por su presencia en aquellos países considerados desarrollados. En este sentido, se estima que existen en el mundo 2800 millones de individuos infectados con geohelmintos, 20 % a 30 % de infectados con Toxoplasma gondii, 300 a 500 millones de casos nuevos de malaria al año y aproximadamente 15 millones de latinoamericanos con enfermedad de Chagas, una enfermedad causada por el Trypanosoma cruzi. En este artículo de revisión narrativa se analiza información disponible en repositorios digitales sobre aspectos del programa pedagógico tradicional de la parasitología humana o médica, para lo cual se emplearon descriptores o palabras clave en estrecha relación con el tema. Los artículos que se revisaron principalmente fueron aquellos publicados en revistas científicas arbitradas, indexadas y de reconocido prestigio. Asimismo, se describen el programa tradicional de parasitología y la pedagogía prevalente empleada, con el propósito de fomentar el debate sobre los métodos que conducen a su aprendizaje. Por otro lado, si se consideran el carácter dinámico que posee este proceso y los constantes desafíos que deben afrontarse en este campo, esta información puede ayudar a explorar nuevas formas de enseñar la parasitología en respuesta a las exigencias del contexto. En conclusión, las enfermedades parasitarias han afectado a la humanidad a lo largo de la historia, y han causado enfermedades, discapacidad y la muerte de millones de personas. Por tanto, entre las medidas para combatir tan terrible flagelo se señala la capacitación de más y mejores profesionales en el área, por su papel preponderante en el diseño y ejecución de los programas de control, de lo que se desprende la necesidad de describir en detalle las características de la enseñanza tradicional de esta rama del conocimiento ―como se muestra en el contenido de este escrito― en virtud de la existencia de nuevos métodos de enseñanza humana: la enseñanza participativa, aprendizaje basado en problemas y aprendizaje asistido por internet.

ABSTRACT The teaching of human parasitology is essential for students of health sciences, especially medicine, because it is a major global public health problem―occurring with high frequency in low-income countries―and because of its presence in countries considered developed. In this sense, it is estimated that worldwide there are 2,800 million individuals infected with soil-transmitted helminths, 20 to 30% people infected with Toxoplasma gondii, 300 to 500 million new cases of malaria per year, and nearly 15 million Latin Americans with Chagas disease, an infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. This narrative review article analyzes information available in digital repositories on aspects of the traditional educational program of human or medical parasitology using descriptors or keywords closely related to the topic. The reviewed articles were mainly those published in peer-reviewed, indexed and prestigious scientific journals. Moreover, the traditional program of parasitology and the prevailing pedagogy are described with the purpose of encouraging discussion on the methods that lead to its learning. Also, given the dynamic nature of this process and the constant challenges that must be faced in this field, said information can help to explore new ways of teaching parasitology in answer to the demands of the context. In conclusion, parasitic diseases have affected humankind throughout history, causing illness, disability and death in millions of people. Therefore, among the measures to fight such a terrible scourge, the training of more and better professionals in the area is promoted due to their leading role in the design and execution of control programs. As a result, the need to describe in detail the characteristics of the traditional teaching of this branch of knowledge arises―as shown in this paper―in view of the new human teaching methods: participatory learning, problem-based learning and Internetassisted learning.

Aprendizagem sobre teleconsulta: representações de um grupo de alunos de um curso de Medicina / Learning about teleconsultation: representations of a group of Medical students / Aprendizaje sobre teleconsulta: representaciones de un grupo de alumnos de un curso de Medicina

Com o avançar da tecnologia, passou a fazer parte da graduação médica atual o aprendizado em teleconsultas. Esta pesquisa apresenta as representações de um grupo de alunos de um curso de Medicina localizado na capital do estado de São Paulo sobre suas experiências com a realização de teleconsultas síncronas supervisionadas durante estágio realizado em um ambulatório-escola, durante o segundo semestre de 2021. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou o software IRaMuTeQ® e "Análise do Conteúdo". Esses educandos pontuam entraves para a utilização das teleconsultas, destacando preocupações com a humanização, segurança da pessoa atendida e qualidade da consulta, mas visualizam potencialidades tais como a facilidade de acesso e a comodidade. Reconhecem a importância da prática durante sua Graduação em um mundo cada vez mais tecnológico, mas trazem inquietações relacionadas à perda do exame físico e à mercantilização da Medicina.

With the progress of technology, teleconsultation has become part of medical degree courses. This article presents the representations of a group of medical students from a university in the capital of the state of São Paulo regarding their experiences with supervised synchronous teleconsultations during an internship in a teaching clinic in the second semester of 2021. We conducted a qualitative study using the software IRaMuTeQ® and content analysis. The students highlighted barriers to the use of teleconsultation, emphasizing concerns with humanization, patient safety and consultation quality, but also perceived strengths such as ease of access and convenience. They recognize the importance of practice on the degree course in an ever more technological world, but raise concerns about the lack of physical examination and the commodification of medicine.

Con el avance de la tecnología, el aprendizaje en teleconsultas pasó a formar parte de la graduación médica actual. Esta investigación presenta las representaciones de un grupo de alumnos de un curso de medicina localizado en la capital del estado de São Paulo sobre sus experiencias con la realización de teleconsultas sincronizadas supervisadas durante una pasantía realizada en un ambulatorio escuela, durante el segundo trimestre de 2021. Se traba de una investigación cualitativa que utilizó el software IRaMuTeQ® y Análisis de Contenido. Estos alumnos puntúan obstáculos para la utilización de las teleconsultas, destacando preocupaciones con la humanización, seguridad de la persona atendida y calidad de la consulta, pero visualizan potencialidades tales como la facilidad de acceso y la comodidad. Reconocen la importancia de la práctica durante su graduación en un mundo cada vez más tecnológico, pero presentan inquietudes relacionadas a la pérdida del examen físico y a la mercantilización de la medicina.

O ensino da sexualidade em cursos de Graduação em Enfermagem: revisão sistemática da literatura / La enseñanza de la sexualidad en cursos de graduación en Enfermería: revisión sistemática de la literatura / The teaching of sexuality in Undergraduate Nursing courses: a systematic literature review

A presente revisão sistemática da literatura procura identificar as evidências disponíveis em relação à maneira como a sexualidade humana figura nos currículos de Graduação em Enfermagem. A busca foi realizada em publicações datadas de janeiro de 2013 a setembro de 2022. Com abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, após a análise, em face dos elementos comuns observados, foram criadas cinco categorias de conteúdo: formas de abordagem; conteúdo; construção coletiva do currículo; cultura cis-heteronormativa e seus reflexos; e propostas de intervenção. Tais categorias foram descritas e, por meio delas, se tornou possível traçar um panorama que indica os principais resultados de pesquisas produzidas com foco no escopo proposto.

The present systematic review of the literature seeks to identify the evidence available in relation to the way in which human sexuality figures in undergraduate nursing curricula. The search was carried out in publications dated from January 2013 to September 2022. With a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory approach, after the analysis, in view of the common elements observed, five categories of content were created: forms of approach; content; collective construction of the curriculum; cis-heteronormative culture and its reflections; and intervention proposals. Such categories were described, and through them it became possible to draw an overview that indicates the main results of research produced with a focus on the proposed scope.

La presente revisión sistemática de la literatura busca identificar las evidencias disponibles con relación a la manera como la sexualidad humana figura en los currículos de graduación en Enfermería. La búsqueda se realizó en publicaciones con fecha de enero de 2013 a septiembre de 2022. Con abordaje cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, después del análisis, considerando los elementos comunes observados, se crearon cinco categorías de contenido: formas de abordaje, contenido, construcción colectiva del currículo, cultura cis-heteronormativa y sus reflejos y propuestas de intervención. Se describieron esas categorías y por medio de ellas fue posible trazar un panorama que indica los principales resultados de investigaciones producidas con enfoque en el alcance propuesto.

Institutional evaluation methods that include perspectives of Medical school students: a scoping systematic review / Métodos de avaliação institucional que incluem o corpo discente em faculdades de Medicina: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Introduction: Institutional evaluation is an important tool for the constant improvement of medical courses, especially when they take the student's opinion as one of their focuses. Objective: The main objective of this study is to investigate which methods are used to conduct institutional evaluations involving student opinion through a scoping systematic review. Methodology: In compliance with the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR)", the searches were conducted in a standardized form, involving at least two researchers and consulting the Lilacs, Scielo, Pubmed, and Embase databases and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), using the software Rayyan, to signal duplicates and allow an independent and unbiased evaluation by the two reviewers. The inclusion criteria used were: Studies published between 2009 and 2019, containing the methodology of evaluation, which assessed medical courses and in which this evaluation was carried out by students at some stage. Also, the following exclusion criteria were used: studies written in languages other than Portuguese, English, French and Spanish; evaluations of a specific pedagogical intervention or limited to some subjects; and articles focusing on student self-assessment. The restriction of time and languages carries the risk of selection bias. Results: 2355 records were found and 12 articles were included. Most studies created their questionnaire and used mostly quantitative scales, although many also included some type of qualitative analysis with written questions. Most of the studies dealt with an occasional analysis and not with a project of permanent evaluation of the institution. Conclusion: Publications in the field of institutional evaluation that involve students and describe the questionnaire are still rare, especially when related to permanent evaluations.

Resumo Introdução: A avaliação institucional é uma importante ferramenta para o constante aperfeiçoamento dos cursos de Medicina, principalmente quando tomam a opinião discente como um de seus pontos. Objetivo: O estudo teve por objetivo averiguar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de escopo, quais os métodos utilizados para realizar avaliações institucionais que contem com base na opinião discente através de uma revisão sistemática de escopo. Método: Em conformidade com o "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA- ScR)", as buscas foram realizadas de modo padronizado, envolvendo no mínimo dois pesquisadores, e consultando as bases Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed, Embase e o banco de teses da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). Por meio do software Rayyan, marcaram-se os estudos duplicados, o que permitiu a avaliação cega e independente dos dois revisores em cada etapa . Os critérios de inclusão utilizados foram: estudos publicados entre 2009 e 2019, que avaliassem cursos de Medicina e em que alguma etapa da avaliação tivesse sido realizada por estudantes. Adotaram-se os seguintes critérios de exclusão: trabalhos em idiomas diferentes do português, inglês, francês e espanhol; avaliações de uma intervenção pedagógica específica ou limitada a algumas disciplinas e artigos com foco na autoavaliação do aluno. Resultados: Foram encontrados 2.355 registros e incluídos 12 artigos. A maior parte dos trabalhos criou um questionário próprio e utilizou-se majoritariamente de escalas quantitativas, embora muitos tenham também incluído algum tipo de análise qualitativa com questões abertas. A maior parte dos estudos referia-se a uma análise pontual e não de a um projeto de avaliação permanente da instituição. Conclusão: Publicações no campo de avaliação institucional que envolvam os discentes e descrevam o questionário ainda são raras, principalmente quando se trata de avaliações permanentes.

Análise da tuberculose e hanseníase nos projetos pedagógicos das faculdades de Medicina e a relação espacial dos casos / Analysis of tuberculosis and leprosy in the pedagogical projects of Medicine courses and the spatial relationship between cases

Resumo Introdução: A educação médica é essencial para formar profissionais de saúde. No Brasil, houve avanços na formação médica, com foco no Sistema Único de Saúde e na atenção primária. A inclusão da tuberculose e da hanseníase no currículo médico é crucial devido ao impacto dessas doenças na saúde pública. As faculdades de Medicina deveriam garantir que os estudantes aprendessem sobre essas doenças para melhorar os resultados de saúde no país. Objetivo: Este trabalho buscou analisar como estão incluídos os temas de hanseníase e tuberculose nos projetos pedagógicos do curso (PPC) de Medicina nas instituições de ensino superior da Região Sul do Brasil. Método: Foi realizado um estudo documental e exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa. Os projetos pedagógicos foram coletados entre janeiro e agosto de 2023. A análise dos PPC se concentrou em identificar as palavras-chave "hanseníase" e "tuberculose", e avaliar como essas doenças eram abordadas nos documentos, tanto no contexto teórico quanto nas intenções de ensino prático. As unidades de conteúdo foram identificadas e agrupadas em duas categorias principais: aprendizado teórico e aprendizado clínico-prático. Resultado: Os resultados indicaram que as referências à tuberculose eram mais frequentes do que à hanseníase nos PPC analisados. Foi observado que a maioria das instituições prioriza o ensino dessas doenças nos primeiros anos do curso de Medicina, com pouca ênfase na fase de internato médico. Além disso, a análise revelou que o ensino dessas doenças tende a ser mais teórico, com poucas referências à prática clínica. Também foi realizada uma distribuição espacial da hanseníase em Santa Catarina e feita sua correlação entre a presença de cursos de Medicina em certos municípios e o número de casos de hanseníase diagnosticados nesses locais. Conclusão: O estudo destaca a importância de revisar e aprimorar os PPC dos cursos de Medicina em Santa Catarina, a fim de melhorar o ensino de doenças negligenciadas. Isso inclui a incorporação de abordagens práticas e a consideração da relevância epidemiológica dessas doenças. O estudo também destaca a necessidade de repensar a forma como esses temas são ensinados e como os estudantes de Medicina podem desempenhar um papel ativo na detecção e no manejo dessas doenças na comunidade.

Abstract Introduction: Medical education is crucial for the training of healthcare professionals. In Brazil, medical training has advanced, focusing on the Unified Health System and primary care. The inclusion of tuberculosis and leprosy in the medical curriculum is essential due to the impact of these diseases on public health. Medical schools should ensure that students learn about these diseases to improve health outcomes in the country. Objective: This study aims to analyze how the topics of leprosy and tuberculosis are included in the pedagogical projects of medicine courses at university institutions in the Southern region of Brazil. Method: A documentary and exploratory study with a qualitative approach was conducted. Pedagogical projects were collected between January and August 2023. The analysis of the pedagogical projects focused on identifying the keywords "leprosy" and "tuberculosis" and evaluating how these diseases were addressed in the documents, both in theoretical contexts and in practical teaching intentions. Content units were identified and grouped into two main categories: Theoretical Learning and Clinical-Practical Learning. Results: The results indicated that references to tuberculosis were more frequent than leprosy in the analyzed pedagogical projects. Most institutions prioritize teaching these diseases in the early years of medical school, with little emphasis during the clinical internship phase. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the teaching of these diseases tends to be more theoretical, with few references to clinical practice. A spatial distribution of leprosy in Santa Catarina was also conducted, correlating the presence of medical courses in certain municipalities with the number of leprosy cases diagnosed in those areas. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of reviewing and improving the pedagogical projects of medical courses in Santa Catarina to enhance the teaching of leprosy and tuberculosis. This includes incorporating practical approaches and considering the epidemiological relevance of these diseases in the regions where courses are conducted. The study also emphasizes the need to rethink how these topics are taught and how medical students can play an active role in detecting and managing these diseases in the community.

Adaptação dos acadêmicos de Medicina em currículo PBL e tradicional ao ensino remoto na pandemia / How medical students using either PBL or a traditional curriculum adapted to online learning during the pandemic

RESUMO Introdução: Em 2020, o mundo foi afetado pelo novo coronavírus, e isso gerou mudanças históricas em diversos setores, incluindo o da educação, que teve que se adaptar rapidamente ao formato online. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar se houve uma melhor adaptação ao ensino remoto durante a pandemia de Covid-19 dos acadêmicos de Medicina que estudam em currículos PBL quando comparada a de alunos com currículos em modelo disciplinar expositivo. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal. Foram incluídos na pesquisa os estudantes matriculados do segundo ao quarto ano do curso de Medicina que tenham preenchido o questionário completamente e cursado pelo menos um semestre de ensino remoto durante o ano de 2020. Resultado: Houve uma diferença significativa entre as metodologias, com maior adaptação dos estudantes que utilizaram o modelo PBL em comparação aos que cursaram no modelo disciplinar expositivo durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Conclusão: Na amostra estudada, o método PBL mostrou-se superior ao método disciplinar, nos quesitos avaliados, na adaptação de estudantes de Medicina ao ensino remoto.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In 2020, the new coronavirus pandemic affected the whole world, causing historic changes in several sectors, including education, in which students were forced to quickly adapt to online learning. Objective: This study aimed to compare medical students' adaptation to remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic depending on whether they were following a PBL curriculum or a curriculum based on an expository disciplinary model. Method: This was a cross-sectional study. The sample was composed of students enrolled in the 2nd to 4th year of the Medicine course who had fully completed the questionnaire and attended at least one semester of remote learning during 2020. Result: A significant difference was found between the students' adaptation to remote learning during the Covid-19 pandemic according to their study methodology; students using the PBL model showed better adaptation than those following an expository learning model. Conclusion: The study corroborated the results in the existing literature on the subject, which defends PBL as a better alternative for online learning.

La educación inclusiva ante los desafíos contemporáneos / Inclusive education in front of contemporary challenges

Introducción: la educación inclusiva constituye actualmente una preocupación para investigadores, docentes, organizaciones internacionales, regionales y nacionales, aunque la toma de conciencia sobre la necesidad de concretar escenarios escolares y sociales inclusivos, ha sido un proceso lento; a pesar de los ingentes esfuerzos de autores reconocidos, instituciones comprometidas y experiencias exitosas, no se generalizan sus resultados, de ahí las motivaciones para la realización de este estudio. Objetivo: actualizar concepciones teóricas sobre la educación inclusiva y su incidencia en un modelo educativo inclusivo contemporáneo. Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura disponible en sitios web y revistas especializadas, así como artículos compartidos en redes sociales académicas y públicas durante los últimos cinco años, en español e inglés. Se realizó la revisión detallada de autores y la actualización de las referencias bibliográficas utilizadas. Resultados: la educación inclusiva necesita una relación con la propia familia, con una escuela que integre e incluya para lograr una sociedad, un estado y gobierno que no solo vean a su población por lo que les separa y diferencia, sino por lo que les une en la diversidad, mediante aulas inclusivas y un currículo moderno. Conclusiones: ante los retos que se le imponen a la educación frente al panorama mundial, caracterizado por la exclusión social de índole diversa, entre ellos, la desmotivación con los currículos que se ofrecen a los estudiantes, los sistemas educativos se enfrentan a una urgencia: ofrecer una educación de calidad e inclusiva, en atención a la diversidad.

Introduction: inclusive education is currently a concern for researchers, teachers, international, regional, and national organizations, although raising awareness about the need to create inclusive school and social scenarios has been a slow process; despite the enormous efforts of recognized authors, committed institutions and successful experiences, their results are not generalized, hence the motivations for carrying out this study. Objective: update theoretical conceptions about inclusive education and its impact on a contemporary inclusive educational model. Methods: a systematic review of the literature available on websites and specialized journals, as well as articles shared on academic and public social networks over the last five years, in Spanish and English, was carried out. A detailed review of authors and updating of the bibliographic references used was carried out. Results: inclusive education needs a relationship with one's own family, with a school that integrates and includes to achieve a society, a state and government that not only see its population, so it separates and differentiates them, but even though it unites them in diversity, through inclusive classrooms and a modern curriculum. Conclusions: according to the challenges imposed on education in front of the global panorama, characterized by social exclusion of various kinds, including demotivation with the curricula offered to students, educational systems face an urgency: offer quality and inclusive education, in attention to diversity.

La integración en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de las ciencias básicas biomédicas / Integration into the teaching-learning process of basic biomedical sciences

Introducción: estudiar la realidad educativa en el campo de la integración de los contenidos permite diseñar acciones para perfeccionar el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje en las universidades. Objetivo: fundamentar las bases teóricas que sustentan la integración en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de las ciencias básicas biomédicas, así como aspectos relativos a su concepción. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre la integración de los contenidos, se consideraron artículos originales y de revisión publicados entre 2017 y 2022 en español, portugués e inglés, en revistas nacionales e internacionales indexadas y en bases de datos reconocidas: Scopus, Scielo y Google Académico. Fueron revisados 59 artículos y se seleccionaron 23. Las palabras claves utilizadas fueron: integración, enseñanza aprendizaje y ciencias básicas biomédicas. Desarrollo: la integración de los contenidos potencia el dominio de estos, unido al desarrollo de métodos investigativos y los impactos de la ciencia, la tecnología, la sociedad y el ambiente. El logro de un profesional preparado para desempeñarse con éxito depende del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje desarrollado por todas las asignaturas integralmente, desde lo académico, lo laboral y lo investigativo. La integración de las dimensiones esenciales: instructiva, educativa y desarrolladora promueve la motivación por el estudio y asegura la formación integral del estudiante. Conclusiones: la integración de las ciencias básicas biomédicas constituye una tarea de primer orden, el estudio y determinación de los referentes y fundamentos teórico-metodológicos que la sustentan requiere redimensionar su definición y la caracterización de integración en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje.

Introduction: studying the educational reality in the field of content integration allows us to designer actions to improve the teaching-learning process in universities. Objective: to support the theoretical bases that allows the integration in the teaching-learning process of basic biomedical sciences, as well as aspects related to its conception. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out on the integration of the contents, original and review articles published from 2017 to 2022 in Spanish, Portuguese, and English in indexed national and international journals and in recognized databases were considered: Scopus, Scielo and Academic google. 59 articles were reviewed and 23 were selected. The key words used were integration, teaching-learning and basic biomedical sciences. Development: the integration of content enhances their mastery, together with the development of researching methods and the impacts of science, technology, society, and the environment. The achievement of a professional prepared to perform successfully depends on the teaching-learning process developed by all subjects comprehensively, from academic, work and research. The integration of the essential dimensions: instructional, educational, and developmental promotes motivation for study and ensures the comprehensive training of the student. Conclusions: the integration of basic biomedical sciences constitutes a first-order task, the study and determination of the theoretical-methodological references and foundations that support it requires resizing its definition and the characterization of integration in the teaching-learning process.

A saúde coletiva na licenciatura em educação física nas universidades públicas da região Sul do Brasil / Collective health in the degree in physical education in public universities in the Southern region of Brazil / Salud colectiva en el profesorado en educación física en universidades públicas de la región Sur de Brasil

RESUMO: A saúde é indicada como uma das justificativas para a existência da educação física como componente curricular escolar. No entanto, ainda prevalece uma visão limitada de saúde, focada especialmente em questões biológicas e comportamentais. Uma resolução de 2018 estabeleceu entrada única nos cursos de educação física, instituindo que não haverá mais a entrada separada para bacharelado e licenciatura, e que os alunos devem escolher uma ou outra habilitação específica somente na segunda metade do curso. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as ementas dos novos currículos dos cursos de licenciatura em educação física das universidades públicas da região Sul do Brasil, especificamente em relação à sua aproximação com a temática da saúde coletiva. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-analítico com análise documental. Foram analisadas 708 ementas de disciplinas de 11 cursos. Três cursos não tinham disciplinas relacionadas à temática saúde coletiva. Identificaram-se 17 disciplinas obrigatórias, sendo 13 ofertadas na etapa comum e quatro na etapa específica da licenciatura. Conclui-se que existem poucas inserções da temática da saúde coletiva nos cursos de licenciatura em educação física, principalmente na etapa específica do curso.

ABSTRACT: Health is indicated as one of the justifications for the existence of physical education as a school curricular component. However, a limited view of health still prevails, focused especially on biological and behavioral issues. A resolution of 2018 established single ingress into physical education courses, instituting that there will no longer be separate ingress for bachelor's and teaching degree, and that students should choose one or other specific qualification only in the second half of the course. The objective of this study was to analyze the syllabi of the new curricula of undergraduate courses in physical education of public universities in the southern region of Brazil, specifically in relation to their approach to the theme of collective health. This is a descriptive-analytical study with documentary analysis where 708 syllabi of subjects of 11 courses were analyzed. Three courses had no disciplines related to the theme collective health. We identified 17 compulsory subjects, 13 offered in the common stage and four in the specific stage of the degree. It is concluded that there are few insertions of the theme of collective health in undergraduate courses in physical education, especially in the specific stage of the course.

RESUMEN: La salud se indica como una de las justificaciones para la existencia de la educación física como componente curricular escolar. Sin embargo, sigue prevaleciendo una visión limitada de la salud, centrada especialmente en cuestiones biológicas y de comportamiento. Una resolución de 2018 estableció la entrada única en los cursos de educación física en Brasil, instituyendo que ya no habrá entrada separada para los grados de licenciatura y profesorado, y que los estudiantes deben elegir una u otra calificación específica solo en la segunda mitad del curso. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los menús de los nuevos planes de estudios de los cursos de profesorado en educación física de las universidades públicas de la región Sur de Brasil, específicamente en relación con su proximidade al tema de la salud colectiva. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo-analítico con análisis documental. Se analizaron 708 programas de disciplinas de 11 cursos. Tres cursos no tenían temas relacionados con el tema salud colectiva. Se identificaron 17 disciplinas obligatorias, de las cuales 13 ofrecidas en la etapa común y cuatro en la etapa específica del grado. Se concluye que hay pocas inserciones de la temática salud colectiva en los cursos de formación del profesorado en educación física, especialmente en su etapa específica.

Ligas acadêmicas em saúde: uma revisão sistemática e proposta de checklist norteador de novos estudos / Academic leagues in health: a systematic review and proposed checklist to guide new studies

Resumo Introdução: As ligas acadêmicas (LA) são grupos organizados sem fins lucrativos que seguem os princípios do trinômio universitário (ensino, pesquisa e extensão) por discentes e profissionais orientadores, historicamente presentes em faculdades de Medicina, mas também difundidas em diversos cursos de saúde. No entanto, o conhecimento sobre as LA é limitado. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre as LA de saúde no Brasil, analisar o perfil demográfico e atuação delas no país, e propor concomitantemente um checklist norteador para a redação de relatos de experiência sobre a temática. Método: O estudo consiste em uma revisão sistemática que adotou as orientações do PRISMA e utilizou como banco de dados a BVS e Medline. Realizaram-se a descrição de detalhes das LA, a evolução histórica, o perfil demográfico e a avaliação bibliométrica dos dados obtidos. Além disso, elaborou-se um checklist (Crelas) para orientar novos relatos de experiência de LA. Resultado: Foram selecionados 2.064 estudos, e incluíram-se 74 artigos em 20 anos de análise (2003-2022). O perfil das LA em saúde se alterou com o passar dos anos, chegando ao modelo atual pautado no tripé de atividades. Ainda assim, as LA são heterogêneas no país, concentradas em algumas regiões, especialmente no Sudeste. Ademais, observaram-se uma heterogeneidade dos estudos, ausência de uma revista central e carência de estudos quantitativos uni/multicêntricos que avaliassem o impacto das LA na formação dos estudantes. Conclusão: Ainda são necessários novos estudos sobre essa temática com o propósito de esclarecer a lacuna acerca das atividades desenvolvidas e seus impactos acadêmicos e sociais.

Abstract Introduction: Academic Leagues (ALs) are not-for-profit groups commonly organized by graduate students and advisors in Brazilian universities, that follow the principles of the academic triad (teaching, research, and service). Historically found in medical schools, they have also been widespread in several health courses. However, knowledge about ALs is limited. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review on academic health leagues in Brazil, analyze the demographic profile and performance of ALs in Brazil, proposing concomitantly a checklist guide for the writing of experience reports on the subject. Methods: The study consists of a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines and using the BVS Health and Medline databases. Details of ALs, their historical evolution, demographic profile, and bibliometric evaluation of the obtained data were described. In addition, a checklist was developed to guide new reports on AL experiences. Results: A total of 2,064 studies were selected, with 74 articles included in 20 years of analysis (2003-2022). The profile of health ALs has changed over the years, reaching the current model based on the triad of activities. However, ALs are heterogeneous in Brazil, concentrated in some regions, especially in the Southeast. Moreover, the heterogeneity of the studies, absence of a central scientific journal, and lack of quantitative uni/multicentric studies that assess the impact of ALs on student education were observed. Conclusion: New studies within this theme are still necessary to clarify the activities developed and their academic and social impacts.

Gênero e sexualidade no currículo dos cursos de graduação em saúde coletiva / Gender and sexuality in the collective health courses curriculum

Resumo A graduação em saúde coletiva (GSC) é recente no país e tem buscado construir sua identidade. Gênero e sexualidade interferem nas condições de saúde, devendo ser contemplados na formação dos(as) sanitaristas. Assim, buscou-se analisar neste estudo a inserção das questões de gênero e sexualidade no currículo da GSC no Brasil. Por meio da análise de conteúdo das fichas de disciplina de quase todos os cursos, observou-se que: as principais categorias de objetivos e conteúdo programático apontaram o tratamento das temáticas de forma interseccional; as metodologias de ensino e avaliação privilegiaram a participação do(a) aluno(a), sua autonomia e reflexividade; e nas referências, destacam-se os estudos em saúde da mulher. Conclui-se que, apesar do espaço já conquistado, é necessário ampliar o debate, principalmente em relação à sexualidade humana e à saúde do homem, temas que têm ficado à margem do currículo.

Abstract The graduation in collective health (GCH) is recent in the country and has sought to build its identity. Gender and sexuality interfere with health conditions and should be considered in the training of health workers. Thus, we sought to analyze in this study the inclusion of gender and sexuality issues in the GSC curriculum in Brazil. By analyzing the content of the course sheets of almost all courses, it was observed that: the main categories of objectives and programmatic content pointed to the treatment of the themes in an intersectional way; the teaching and assessment methodologies favored student participation, autonomy, and reflexivity; and in the references, studies on women's health stand out. It is concluded that despite the space already conquered, it is necessary to broaden this debate, mainly regarding human sexuality and the health of men, which have remained on the margins of the curriculum.

Práticas corporais e currículo: legitimação a partir da análise documental / Corporal practices and the curriculum: legitimization through document analysis / Prácticas corporales y currículo: legitimación basada en análisis documental

O estudo objetivou analisar o modo como os atos de currículo da Educação Física legitimam as práticas corporais no âmbito de 3 escolas de Ensino Médio de Simão Dias (SE) e as identidades projetadas. Para tanto, os respectivos projetos político-pedagógicos e planos de ensino do componente foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Notamos que as limitações dos espaços físicos condicionam a vivência de práticas corporais legitimadas na escola. Percebemos forte influência dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Fundamental na organização do trabalho pedagógico e a vivência exaustiva dos esportes euro-estadunidenses. Fatores que parecem contribuir para a legitimação de determinadas práticas corporais em detrimento de outras tantas. O que também pode impactar nas identidades culturais e a forma com que os estudantes se relacionam com as diferentes manifestações.

The study aimed to analyze the way in which Physical Education curriculum acts legitimize bodily practices within 3 high schools in Simão Dias (SE) and the projected identities. To this end, the respective political-pedagogical projects and teaching plans for the component were subjected to content analysis. We note that the limitations of physical spaces condition the experience of legitimized bodily practices at school. We noticed a strong influence of the National Curricular Parameters for Elementary Education in the organization of pedagogical work and the exhaustive experience of Euro-American sports. Factors that seem to contribute to the legitimization of certain bodily practices to the detriment of many others. This can also impact cultural identities and the way students relate to different manifestations.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la forma en que los actos curriculares de Educación Física legitiman las prácticas corporales en 3 escuelas secundarias de Simão Dias (SE) y las identidades proyectadas. Para ello, se sometieron a análisis de contenido los respectivos proyectos político- pedagógicos y planes docentes del componente. Observamos que las limitaciones de los espacios físicos condicionan la experiencia de prácticas corporales legitimadas en la escuela. Notamos una fuerte influencia de los Parámetros Curriculares Nacionales para la Educación Primaria en la organización del trabajo pedagógico y la experiencia exhaustiva del deporte euroamericano. Factores que parecen contribuir a la legitimación de determinadas prácticas corporales en detrimento de muchas otras. Esto también puede afectar las identidades culturales y la forma en que los estudiantes se relacionan con las diferentes manifestaciones.

Thinking on ideological and political education in Medical Parasitology teaching / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

With the deepening reform of ideological and political education, Medical Parasitology teaching needs to update the teaching concept, change the teaching ideas, as well as keep trying to combine ideological and political education with the curriculum content closely. In addition to teaching students’ basic knowledge and practical skills, teachers are needed to cultivate their moral literacy and political awareness through course teaching, so as to provide the basis for students’ subsequent adaptations to social environments and jobs. Currently, the study of ideological and political education in Medical Parasitology teaching is still in the exploratory stage. Therefore, colleges and universities need to carry out effective construction of ideological and political education in Medical Parasitology teaching, in order to achieve good teaching outcomes and provide insights into ideological and political education in teaching.

Interpretation and mirror of the National Health Education Standards in the United States / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#In the context of frequent public health events, effective school health education is an important measure to improve students health literacy and public health system of China. The study examined the National Health Education Standards in the U.S., based on a literature review and comparative analysis, to provide guidance for China. Using the method of liberature riview paper interprets the curriculum of National Health Education Standards in the U.S. and provides a mirror for China. Health Education standards in the U.S. are characterized by their academic quality, standardized framework, assessment program, equity principles, and other components. A mirror for China includes promoting the construction of the standards based health education curriculum, developing the skills based health education curriculum system, and constructing a performancebased comprehensive evaluation system.

Thinking and Research on Aesthetic Education in Medical Ethics Course from the Perspective of Aesthetic Education / 中国医学伦理学

As an important carrier of cultivating people with virtue, curriculum aesthetic education combines aesthetic education with professional courses and general courses, and brings it into the whole process of professional talent cultivation. As the core course of medical humanistic education, Medical Ethics not only has natural affinity with aesthetic education, but also has the functions of emotional aesthetic education, rational aesthetic education and human aesthetic education. Through the analysis of aesthetic education points in Medical Ethics, this paper put forward the implementation path to realize the function of the curriculum aesthetic education: exert aesthetic influence on medical students with the help of aesthetic media, guide medical students’ aesthetic attitude, and then make medical students learn to feel, appreciate beauty through practice and sharing ideas, before or after class, online or offline, so as to contribute to the cultivation of high-quality medical talents with lofty aesthetic pursuit and noble-personality cultivation.

Explore of the Red Doctor’s Spirit Integrate into the Ideological and Political Construction of Medical Humanities Course / 中国医学伦理学

The red doctor’s spirit was formed during the medical and health practice led by the Communist Party of China during the Soviet Area of the Communist Party of China. The red doctor’s spirit has distinct characteristics, which is consistent with the value orientation of medical humanities. At the same time, there are some problems in the ideological and political construction of red doctor’s spirit and medical humanities course. It is necessary to explore ways to better integrate red doctor’s spirit into the construction of medical humanities course, so as to promote the improvement and development of medical humanities course. Through the combination of red doctor’s spirit and medical humanities course, this paper developed the ideological and political elements in medical humanities course, expanded the breadth and depth of medical humanities education, so that the majority of medical students can be actively guided in medical humanities course, form firm ideals and beliefs, good moral quality, and achieve the good effect of curriculum ideological and political construction. Guide medical students’ thoughts to develop in the right direction and to lay a solid foundation for medical work in the future.

Probing into the Integrated Ideological and Political Construction of Medical College Curriculum under the Background of Epidemic Prevention and Control Normalization / 中国医学伦理学

The basic task of the integrated construction of ideological and political education through curriculum of medical colleges and universities is to establish morality and cultivate people. The integrated construction requires all medical colleges and universities, all medical specialties, all medical courses and all teaching links to be fully promoted and implemented, at the same time, the construction of ideological and political education through curriculum in medical colleges and universities should deal with such problems as the presentation of the connotation of the construction of ideological and political education through curriculum, the orientation of the ideological and political education through curriculum and the ideological and political curriculums, the professional and ideological and political construction of the curriculum, the integration of undergraduate and graduate students, etc.. From the organization and leadership guarantee, the evaluation mechanism system, key points of curriculum classification, the curriculum teaching actuality and the talented teacher team to improve and strengthen the integrated construction of ideological and political education through curriculum.

Exploring the Integration of Wuliande’s Spirit into Medical Education in the Context of "Curriculum Civics" in the New Era / 中国医学伦理学

The construction of "Curriculum Civics" in medical schools needs to go in the same direction as "Civics Curriculum" and "Liberal Studies Education" , and explore the realization path of shaping noble souls through positive ideological and political leadership and mutual collision of hearts and minds.The integration of Wuliande’s spirit into medical education is an all-round exploration from the perspectives of value connotation, contemporary meaning and path exploration, which has important contemporary significance and application value, and is also a practical requirement for inheriting and innovating Wuliande’s spirit and constructing a "Great Thought and Politics" work system under the pattern of "Great Health" in the new era. Based on the above background, this paper explored and interpreted how to fully follow the law of talent growth and the law of education to cultivate new-age medical and health talents who are red and professional, benevolent, health guardian and public health fighter from the perspective of collaborative education of medical ethics education and ideological and political education.

Anatomical and Clinical Education in Physical and Occupational Therapy: Influence of Integration and Soft Preservation / Educación Anatómica y Clínica en Terapia Física y Ocupacional: Influencia de la Integración y la Preservación Blanda

SUMMARY: Anatomy and clinical skills are taught separately to physical and occupational therapy students. Formaldehyde is the primary chemical used to embalm donors which creates a challenge in integrating clinical skills into the anatomy curriculum. This study aimed to evaluate the integration of clinical skills into anatomical education using Imperial College London- Soft Preservation (ICL-SP) and formaldehyde embalming through the evaluation of student perceived learning and confidence. Students were invited to complete a survey after dissecting an ICL-SP and formaldehyde embalmed donors and perform clinical tests. It was easier to dissect and identify neurovascular structures on ICL-SP donors compared to formaldehyde. Clinical tests, like measuring range of motion and ligament tests were also more realistic on ICL-SP donors. The integration of clinical skills in the anatomical curriculum increased student perceived understanding of associated anatomy (p < 0.001), gave better understanding of how anatomy is important to their professions (p < 0.001) and increased motivation to learn anatomy (p < 0.001). The integration of clinical skills into anatomical education can facilitate student learning with higher confidence performing clinical skills and is complemented by the utilization of the new ICL-SP methodology instead of the traditional formaldehyde preservation.

Las habilidades anatómicas y clínicas se enseñan por separado a los estudiantes de terapia física y ocupacional. El formaldehído es el químico principal que se usa para embalsamar a los donantes, lo que crea un desafío para integrar las habilidades clínicas en el plan de estudios de anatomía. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la integración de habilidades clínicas en la educación anatómica utilizando Imperial College London-Soft Preservation (ICL-SP) y embalsamamiento de formaldehído a través de la evaluación del aprendizaje y la confianza percibidos por los estudiantes. Se invitó a los estudiantes a completar una encuesta después de diseccionar un ICL-SP y donantes embalsamados formolizados y realizar pruebas clínicas. Fue más fácil diseccionar e identificar estructuras neurovasculares en donantes ICL-SP en comparación con los fijados en formaldehído. Las pruebas clínicas, como la medición del rango de movimiento y las pruebas de ligamentos, también fueron más realistas en los donantes de ICL-SP. La integración de habilidades clínicas en el plan de estudios anatómico aumentó la comprensión percibida por los estudiantes de anatomía asociada (p < 0,001), dio una mejor comprensión de cómo la anatomía es importante para sus profesiones (p < 0,001) y aumentó la motivación para aprender anatomía (p < 0,001). La integración de las habilidades clínicas en la educación anatómica puede facilitar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes con mayor confianza en el desempeño de las habilidades clínicas y se complementa con la utilización de la nueva metodología ICL-SP en lugar de la conservación tradicional con formaldehído.