RESUMO
Objective To describe the prevalence of smoking and smoking cessation in adults of Jiangxi province in 2013.Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 6 000 individuals aged ≥18 years from 10 chronic and non-communicable disease and risk factor surveillance points of Jiangxi province in 2013.A face-to-face questionnaire survey was carried out to collect information about the risk factors for chronic and non-communicable diseases and 5 997 records were used in final analysis of smoking and smoking cessation.Sample was weighted to represent the adult population of Jiangxi province.The prevalence of different groups were analyzed.Results The prevalence of current smoking of the sample was 21.53％ (1 291/5 997).After complex weighting,the prevalence of smoking was 26.07％ in adults in Jiangxi (95％ CI:23.48％-28.66％),and it was much higher in men (50.62％,95％CI:46.31％-54.94％) than in women (1.46％,95％CI:0.57％-2.35％),the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The differences in smoking prevalence were significant among different age groups (P=0.029),and the smoking prevalence increased with educational level,but decreased with the worse of self-reported health condition.Most current smokers smoked every day (87.16％,95％CI:83.29％-91.03％) and averagely 19.27 (95％ CI:17.69-20.85) cigarettes were smoked daily.The proportion of smokers with average daily consumption ≥20 cigarettes was 64.74％ (95％CI:55.79％-73.70％).The smokers' average age of starting daily smoking was 20.28 (95％CI:19.74-20.82) years old,which was lower in men [20.11 (95％ CI:19.61-20.61) years old] than in women [26.88(95％ CI:24.73-29.03) years old],the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Among the male smokers,27.04％ (95％ CI:18.91％-35.16％) of male smokers was less than 18 years old when they started daily smoking,and the proportion was 17.46％ (95％ CI:0％-37.71％) in female smokers.The smoking cessation rate was 14.80％ (95％CI:10.88％-18.72％) and increased with age,the increase of income level and the worse of self-reported health condition.The successful smoking cessation rate was 10.89％ (95％ CI:8.36％-13.42％).Only 32.10％(95％CI:21.95％-42.25％) of current smokers attempted to quit smoking.The prevalence of passive smoking was 54.71％ (95％ CI:44.20％-65.21％).Conclusion The prevalence of smoking was high in adults in Jiangxi and the proportion of heavy smokers was large.Less smokers quitted smoking and the proportion of current smokers attempting to quit smoking was small.Males and adolescent smokers are targeted populations for tobacco control and special strategy should be taken according to the characteristics of smoking population in Jiangxi.
RESUMO
Objective To describe the prevalence of smoking and smoking cessation in adults of Jiangxi province in 2013.Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 6 000 individuals aged ≥18 years from 10 chronic and non-communicable disease and risk factor surveillance points of Jiangxi province in 2013.A face-to-face questionnaire survey was carried out to collect information about the risk factors for chronic and non-communicable diseases and 5 997 records were used in final analysis of smoking and smoking cessation.Sample was weighted to represent the adult population of Jiangxi province.The prevalence of different groups were analyzed.Results The prevalence of current smoking of the sample was 21.53％ (1 291/5 997).After complex weighting,the prevalence of smoking was 26.07％ in adults in Jiangxi (95％ CI:23.48％-28.66％),and it was much higher in men (50.62％,95％CI:46.31％-54.94％) than in women (1.46％,95％CI:0.57％-2.35％),the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The differences in smoking prevalence were significant among different age groups (P=0.029),and the smoking prevalence increased with educational level,but decreased with the worse of self-reported health condition.Most current smokers smoked every day (87.16％,95％CI:83.29％-91.03％) and averagely 19.27 (95％ CI:17.69-20.85) cigarettes were smoked daily.The proportion of smokers with average daily consumption ≥20 cigarettes was 64.74％ (95％CI:55.79％-73.70％).The smokers' average age of starting daily smoking was 20.28 (95％CI:19.74-20.82) years old,which was lower in men [20.11 (95％ CI:19.61-20.61) years old] than in women [26.88(95％ CI:24.73-29.03) years old],the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Among the male smokers,27.04％ (95％ CI:18.91％-35.16％) of male smokers was less than 18 years old when they started daily smoking,and the proportion was 17.46％ (95％ CI:0％-37.71％) in female smokers.The smoking cessation rate was 14.80％ (95％CI:10.88％-18.72％) and increased with age,the increase of income level and the worse of self-reported health condition.The successful smoking cessation rate was 10.89％ (95％ CI:8.36％-13.42％).Only 32.10％(95％CI:21.95％-42.25％) of current smokers attempted to quit smoking.The prevalence of passive smoking was 54.71％ (95％ CI:44.20％-65.21％).Conclusion The prevalence of smoking was high in adults in Jiangxi and the proportion of heavy smokers was large.Less smokers quitted smoking and the proportion of current smokers attempting to quit smoking was small.Males and adolescent smokers are targeted populations for tobacco control and special strategy should be taken according to the characteristics of smoking population in Jiangxi.
RESUMO
Background: The National Urban Diabetes Survey in India (2010) has reported an age standardized prevalence of diabetes to be 12.1%. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is known to vary with lifestyle factors. Aims and objectives: The present study was conducted to find the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults and its association with certain life style factors like current smoking, alcohol intake, saturated fat intake and physical exercise. Material and methods: This present study was cross sectional and analytical study carried out in 900 adults in the age group of 30 years and above during June 2014 to December 2014. A random blood sugar test was conducted among the selected study subjects and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was estimated using the cut off level of 180 mg% Those subjects who were already known to be diabetics with or without treatment were also classified as diabetics. The findings were analyzed using Epi-info software 7 version (CDC, Atlanta, USA). Results: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the present study was found to be 12.4%. Significantly higher proportion of current smoking was found in diabetics (17.0%) than in non-diabtics (6.1%). Current alcohol intake was significantly higher in diabetics than in non-diabtics (8.0% vs 2.4%); current saturated fat (ghee) intake was similar in diabetics and non diabtics (5.4% and 5.5% respectively). Paradoxically higher proportion of physical exercise was found in diabetics (15.2%) than in non-diabetics (5.1%). Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus showed significant association current smoking and current alcohol intake.