The current status and challenges of pediatric liver transplantation in China / 中华消化外科杂志

After more than 20 years of development, pediatric liver transplantation has become a routine surgical practice in China, and currently ranks first in the world in terms of surgery quantity yearly. Further improving of liver transplantation technique and enhancing postoperative management to enable pediatric liver transplantation patients to return to normal social life are challenges for the academic community. The development of precision surgery, minimally invasive technology, big data information interconnection, and artificial intelli-gence has also brought new opportunities to researchers. The authors discuss the indications, surgical techniques, postoperative management system, immune suppression and tolerance, social humanities and ethics of pediatric liver transplantation in China, in order to promote the development of related fields of pediatric liver transplantation in China.

Longitudinal extrauterine growth restriction in extremely preterm infants: current status and prediction model / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the current status of longitudinal extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) in extremely preterm infants (EPIs) and to develop a prediction model based on clinical data from multiple NICUs.Methods:From January 2017 to December 2018, EPIs admitted to 32 NICUs in North China were retrospectively studied. Their general conditions, nutritional support, complications during hospitalization and weight changes were reviewed. Weight loss between birth and discharge > 1SD was defined as longitudinal EUGR. The EPIs were assigned into longitudinal EUGR group and non-EUGR group and their nutritional support and weight changes were compared. The EPIs were randomly assigned into the training dataset and the validation dataset with a ratio of 7∶3. Univariate Cox regression analysis and multiple regression analysis were used in the training dataset to select the independent predictive factors. The best-fitting Nomogram model predicting longitudinal EUGR was established based on Akaike Information Criterion. The model was evaluated for discrimination efficacy, calibration and clinical decision curve analysis.Results:A total of 436 EPIs were included in this study, with a mean gestational age of (26.9±0.9) weeks and a birth weight of (989±171) g. The incidence of longitudinal EUGR was 82.3%(359/436). Seven variables (birth weight Z-score, weight loss, weight growth velocity, the proportion of breast milk ≥75% within 3 d before discharge, invasive mechanical ventilation ≥7 d, maternal antenatal corticosteroids use and bronchopulmonary dysplasia) were selected to establish the prediction model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the training dataset and the validation dataset were 0.870 (95% CI 0.820-0.920) and 0.879 (95% CI 0.815-0.942), suggesting good discrimination efficacy. The calibration curve indicated a good fit of the model ( P>0.05). The decision curve analysis showed positive net benefits at all thresholds. Conclusions:Currently, EPIs have a high incidence of longitudinal EUGR. The prediction model is helpful for early identification and intervention for EPIs with higher risks of longitudinal EUGR. It is necessary to expand the sample size and conduct prospective studies to optimize and validate the prediction model in the future.

Standardized specialist training for developmental and behavioral pediatrics in China and the United States: current status and thoughts / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The United States has established a perfect specialist training system for developmental and behavioral pediatrics (DBP), while the DBP specialist training system in China is still in the early stage of development and has been constantly improved. This article analyzes and compares the current status of DBP specialist training system between the United States and China from the aspects of training pattern, eligibility criteria, training plans and contents, assessment and evaluation, and certification. With reference to the training system in the United States, we can further improve the DBP specialist training system in China by perfecting the training system and related documents, constructing reasonable eligibility criteria, establishing a training pattern guided by post competency, improving the DBP assessment and evaluation system based on competency, and enhancing the certification of DBP physicians.

Clinical characteristics and current status of organ donations and Organ Procurement Organizations in foreign countries / 中华器官移植杂志

Organ transplantation has been an important means of rescuing the lives of end-stage patients with organ failure. However, an acute shortage of donor organs has become a common dilemma for organ transplantation all over the world so as to seriously restrict the development of organ transplantation. Many foreign countries have established a relatively mature organ donation system to foster favorable conditions for alleviating a shortage of donor organs. This review summarized the global measures and current domestic efforts of facilitating organ donation to provide theoretical rationales for further optimizing organ donations and transplantation system in China.

Report on Japan-Korea Symposium in 2023 / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The Japan-Korea Symposium, which was held face-to-face for the first time in three years, was held at the 72nd Academic Conference of the Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Kobe (June 10, 2023). The theme of the symposium was " The Current status and the Safety of Moxibustion" and four representatives from Japan and South Korea each gave presentations on the current status of moxibustion treatment in their countries, and a lively discussion took place. This paper provides an overview of the symposium.

Role of Nurse Leadership to Evaluate the Current Status of Nurses with a View to Invest in Nursing to Secure Global Health An Exploratory Approach

There is an opportunity for nurses to better explain what we do, to break the myths around nursing and to advocate for investment in the profession. This study endeavoured to explore the role of nurse leadership to invest in nursing to secure global health and to identify role of nurse leaders according to their demographic variables. An exploratory sequential mixed method re- search design was selected in this study. Through purposeful sampling, the researcher selected 60 nurse administrators. Data was collected from the nurse administrators in the form of an electronic survey and virtual face-to- face semi structured interview method after obtaining a formal permission. The data collected from them was utilised only for the purpose of the study and was kept confidential. The final analysis summarised the findings that emerged from both quantitative and qualitative data. In the present study there were 50 (83.3%) females and 10 males (16.7 %) and them had nurse administrators 52(86.6%) of experience. The results covered the issues like current status of nurses, ways and benefits to invest in nursing for global health and the role of nurse leaders in investing in nursing for global Health. Nurses are the head honchos and lifeline of health-care organisations but still lack recognition. Concern on this has been expressed by many, but till date no strong visible implementation of laws and policies are seen. Nurses need to take initiation and leadership at higher levels to bring change in the existing scenario and implement the recommendations regarding basic pay and maximum working hours per week..

A qualitative study on the current situation of hospital-institution-community comprehensive prevention of stroke / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To deeply explore the real work of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of stroke in general hospitals, rehabilitation and pension institutions and community health service centers (stations), and to provide reference for improving the level of comprehensive prevention of stroke in the medical system.Methods:From July to November 2022, face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 18 medical staff in general hospitals, 10 medical staff in rehabilitation and pension institutions, and 8 medical staff in community health service centers (stations) were conducted by phenomenological research methods. Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to analyze the interview data, and Nvivo12 software was used to code the interview data.Results:Four themes were extracted: hospitals, institutions and communities all played an important role in the comprehensive prevention of stroke and actively cooperated with each other; the public was still lack of comprehensive prevention awareness and correct cognition of stroke; lack of professional medical resources hindered the development of comprehensive stroke prevention; incomplete collaborative mechanism of comprehensive prevention of stroke in hospitals, institutions and communities.Conclusions:In the current comprehensive prevention of stroke, there are still problems such as weak public awareness of prevention, insufficient professional medical resources, and imperfect coordination mechanism. In view of the advantages of medical institutions at all levels, it is necessary to clarify the responsibilities of the system at all levels and explore efficient and sustainable coordination mechanism, so as to improve the comprehensive prevention level of stroke in the medical system.

Current situation and changing trends of human brucellosis in Menyuan Hui Autonomous County, Qinghai Province, 2013-2020 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To learn about the epidemic situation and trend of human brucellosis in Menyuan Hui Autonomous County (referred to as Menyuan County) of Qinghai Province, and to provide reference for formulating brucellosis prevention and control measures in Menyuan County.Methods:Data on human brucellosis in Menyuan County reported by the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of China Disease Control and Prevention Information System from 2013 to 2020 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis (three distribution).Results:A total of 186 cases of brucellosis were confirmed from 2013 to 2020, with an average annual incidence of 14.553/100 000. The annual incidence rate was increasing year by year(χ 2trend = 22.08, P = 0.002). The cases were distributed in 67 villages of 12 towns; cases were more common in the age group of 15-< 65 years old (96.24%, 179/186), and there were more men than women cases (sex ratio was 3.89∶1.00, 148/38). Conclusions:The incidence rate of brucellosis cases in Menyuan County is increasing year by year, and the scope of its impact is constantly expanding. A multi-sectoral joint prevention and control mechanism should be established to strengthen management, increase the prevention and control of brucellosis, and stop the spread of the epidemic to surrounding counties and cities.

Analysis of the current situation of the construction of ethics committees in China / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the current development of ethics committees in China, for reference in promoting their progress to catch up with the current social development in China.Methods:From July to August 2022, a self-designed questionnaire was used to survey the status of ethics committees in secondary and above hospitals, the disease prevention and control centers and infectious disease hospitals nationwide, using multi-stage stratified sampling method for sampling. A descriptive analysis of questionnaire data was made on the data so collected. In 2022, 22 ethics committees were selected through stratified sampling based on the eastern, central, and western economic zones, and in-depth interviews were conducted with their secretaries. The interviews covered such factors as issues encountered in ethics review, specific suggestions for medical ethics training work, and the necessity of establishing an independent third-party social evaluation institution for ethics committees. The grounded theory was used to encode the interview data in three levels, and NVivo 11.0 software was used for coverage, emotion recognition and word frequency analysis.Results:107 questionnaires were effectively collected, covering 23 provincial-level administrative regions. Among them, 63 ethics committees operated as an independent office; 49 of the committees had one ethics expert as their member, and 80 institutional administrators served as the committee chairpersons at the same time; 107 institutions had developed their articles of association and ethical review regulations; 21 had not yet established a tracking and review mechanism; 33 institutions had not conducted education and training activities for the public, and only 25 institutions had passed the certification of relevant ethical certification systems at home and abroad. The results of the grounded theory analysis showed the following three problems in the construction of ethics committees: efficiency and quality of ethical review, ethical training, and multi-institution construction. Among the secondary nodes, the reference points focused on member capacity ( 24), work operation ( 24) and training activities ( 17) .Conclusions:At present, the ethics committees in China were steadily developing and were not yet perfect in terms of infrastructure, membership composition, review and supervision, education and training, and evaluation and accreditation. It is necessary to further optimize the allocation of resources, improve the membership structure and the proportion of experts from different specialties participating in ethical review, and strengthen the construction of regional ethic committees.

Analysis and thoughts on the settings of sub-campus of public hospitals directly under the National Health Commission of China / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyse the settings of sub-campus of public hospitals directly under the National Health Commission, so as to provide research reference and suggestions for further promoting the scientific and standardized construction of sub-campuses of public hospitals.Methods:Data before August 30, 2022 were collected from the official websites of the hospitals in question including their introduction, overview, navigation, news and other categories of information.Relevant literatures on multi-campus published by hospitals under the direct management of the National Health Commission were obtained from the China National Knowledge Network, which was identified by searching the keywords " sub or multi-campus hospital" with " author affiliation", using such search conditions as " MeSH major topic" or " title/keywords/abstract" of the studied hospitals in advanced search builder. Descriptive analysis and frequency analysis were conducted on the numbers, the construction reasons, geographical location, operation scale, characteristics and positioning of the sub-campuses in the studied hospitals.Results:Of the 44 such hospitals, 30 had a total of 50 sub-campuses in operation. Generally there were two modes of construction. 35 were newly constructed and 15 formed by mergers; 37 sub-campuses were built and put into operation since 2010. Sub-campuses were usually located in the same area of the main campus, with 11 in the same area of the same city and areas, 35 in different areas of the same city, and 4 in different cities; the average geographical distance between the sub-campus and the main hospital campus was 31.18 kilometers; 27 sub-campuses had beds ≤ 500, 12 sub-campuses had beds between 501-1 000, 11 had beds>1 000; 14 specialized sub-campuses and 31 out of the 35 comprehensive sub-campuses clearly indicating their characteristics of specialized departments, and 1 other (research institute areas with research beds).Conclusions:Future proofing is characteristic of these public hospitals in terms of their sub-campus construction, regional setting, planning and positioning, and functional layout. However, both government regulatory departments and public hospitals should comprehensively consider and make prudent decisions on the planning, investment, demonstration, layout, and other aspects of the construction of sub-campuses of hospitals.

Current status of standardized residency training for ultrasound and related methods for improvement / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This study analyzes and summarizes the measures for standardized residency training for ultrasound in our teaching base since 2018. Existing issues in residency training were analyzed from the aspects of outdated teaching concept, single teaching methods, weak problem-solving ability of trainees, and psychological problems of trainees, and this article puts forward corresponding solutions for integration and shares our experience in feedback interaction. Multi-level and multi-angle comprehensive training is implemented to perfect the standardized training system, realize the integration of medicine and education, and cultivate high-level ultrasound talents.

Analysis and enlightenment of the current situation of medical psychology undergraduate education in China and foreign countries / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

With the economic development of China and transformation of medical model, people pay more attention to their spiritual world and psychological health, and medical psychology has become a major in urgent need of construction. Foreign medical/clinical psychology education was established earlier and has become relatively mature, thus making its experience valuable for reference. This paper compares and analyzes the current situation of undergraduate medical psychology education, and puts forward optimization strategies from the aspects of college planning, curriculum training scheme and teachers’ teaching philosophy, hoping to provide some ideas for the construction of undergraduate medical psychology education in China.

Current status and countermeasures for the transformation of health science and technology achievements / 中国职业医学

Objective: To analyze the current status and problems in the process of transfer and transformation of health science and technology achievements, and propose countermeasures. Methods: A total of four universities, two research institutes, two medical institutions, two biomedical innovation enterprises and two biomedical industrial clusters were selected as the research subjects using the purposive sampling method. Field investigations and qualitative interviews were conducted. Additionally, relevant literature was reviewed to analyze the progress, achievements, main experiences, and problems in the process of health science and technology achievement transfer and transformation in China. Results: The policy for transformation of health science and technology achievements in China is gradually improving. There is a steady growth in investment in scientific and technological innovation, leading to continuous emergence of transformative achievements. The innovative entities are growing, and the service system for achievement transformation is being established with expanding capital support. However, challenges persist, including the lack of an effective evaluation system to promote achievement transformation, shortages of specialized service organizations and talents for transformation, unclear guideline for the transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological outcome, insufficient innovation research and development institutes in biomedical, and imperfection in the mechanism for transforming scientific and technological program achievements. Conclusion: Although great progress has been made in the transformation of health science and technology achievements in China, the quality and quantity of achievement still need to be improved. It is urgent to establish and implement an evaluation system for achievements transformation, accomplish the construction of specialized service institutions and the training of versatile talents for transformation, highlight the market-oriented mechanism for scientific and technological achievements transformation, explore system and mechanism reform, establish the mechanism for transforming scientific and technological program achievements in a faster pace, and optimize the policy, so as to promote the high-quality transfer and transformation of health science and technology achievements.

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from Tertiary Care Hospital of North India

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the serious health threats in the world and death due to it is projected to reach up to 10 million every year by 2050. In India, the government implemented a National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (NAP-AMR) intending to develop a laboratory-based AMR surveillance system, guidelines and practices to promote the awareness of the rational use of antibiotics in healthcare communities. In this plane, only five major hospitals are included which is not sufficient to provide the actual status of AMR. The present study focused on the AMR patterns analysis for bacteria isolated from the different health units in SSB heart and multispecialty hospital, Faridabad, Haryana. Clinically relevant samples such as pus & Body fluid, respiratory, urine and blood samples from the suspected patients were screened over a period of 5 months (February to June 2021) and AMR pattern analysis was carried out by using the disc diffusion method (Kirby–Bauer test) and interpretation was made as per the guidelines of recent Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The study revealed that E. coli was the most dominated resistant bacteria. Moreover, aminoglycosides showed 55% resistance against maximum bacterial isolates from respiratory samples while fosfomycin had higher sensitivity i.e. 85% against pathogens from urine samples. The present study concluded that regular susceptibility testing should be conducted with a defined interval to detect the current trend of resistance which helps clinicians in the effective infectious disease management and leads to reducing the burden of AMR.

Current status and prospects of the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a genetically heterogeneous group of connective tissue diseases that are commonly characterized by chronic joint synovial inflammation with unknown etiology in childhood.It is cu-rrently incurable and the main therapeutic goal is to achieve clinical remission.The drugs currently used to treat JIA mainly include non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoid, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, and biological agents.In this article, recent advances in the understanding of JIA treatment and related clinical research were reviewed, in an attempt to provide prospects for the future direction of drug development and treatment concepts.

Polypharmacy burden and the associated factors among inpatients with elderly comorbidity / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the current status and influencing factors of polypharmacy burden in inpatient with elderly comorbidity.Methods:Convenience sampling method was used to select 393 in patients with elderly comorbidity of multiple medications who were hospitalized in North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital from September 2020 to January 2021 as the research object, using the general situation questionnaire, the Living with Medicines Questionnaire (LMQ), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Medication Compliance Scale (Morisky Scale) to investigate. Descriptive analysis of general data characteristics and polypharmacy burden scores were performed, and t-test, variance analysis, and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze influencing factors. Results:The polypharmacy burden for inpatient with elderly comorbidity was (136.95 ± 22.34) points, and the score rate was 70.23%, which was at a moderately high level. Multi-factor analysis showed that age, education level, personal monthly income, the number of illnesses, the number of medications, the duration of medication, social support, and medication compliance were independent factors influencing polypharmacy burden in inpatient with elderly comorbidity ( R 2=0.821, adjusted R 2=0.818, F=220.65, P<0.001). Conclusions:The polypharmacy burden in inpatient with elderly comorbidity is at a moderately high level. It is recommended that medical staff should develop individualized nursing interventions to reduce the polypharmacy burden for the factors that affect the burden of multiple medications for this population.

Current status and progress of proton and heavy ion radiotherapy for glioma in adults / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Surgery combined with postoperative radiotherapy is the standard treatment, but the outcome is unsatisfactory. Currently, proton and carbon ion, the most advanced radiotherapy technology, offer substantial clinical advantages over the conventional photon therapy in multiple tumors. However, the effect of proton and carbon ion radiotherapy in glioma has not been clarified clearly. This article will elaborate on the basic research and clinical outcomes of proton and carbon ion radiotherapy for glioma.

Current status of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits and progress in risk assessment / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To review the status of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits and the progress of risk assessment, and to provide data support for pesticide residue research, residents' dietary exposure risks and safety risk management. Methods Domestic and international literature and research data available are reviewed and analyzed. Results This article mainly reviews the literature on the investigation of current status of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits. It also discusses several methods and models that have been widely employed in the dietary exposure risk assessment of pesticide residues worldwide. Conclusion Pesticide residues have been frequently reported in vegetables and fruits, mainly including organophosphorus, organochlorine, carbamate and pyrethroid pesticide residues. The relevant risk assessment results indicate that different groups of people, especially those with high exposure, have cumulative dietary exposure risks to pesticides in vegetables and fruits. Although most pesticide residues have been detected at low concentrations in vegetables and fruits, they have potential toxicity risks and require continuous attention.

Caracterización técnica y productiva del sistema bovino lechero de las ganaderías asociadas del Cantón Bolívar de la provincia de Manabí-Ecuador / Technical and productive characterization of the bovine dairy system of the associated livestock farms of the Bolivar canton of the province of Manabi-Ecuador

Resumen La presente investigación se basó en la caracterización técnica y productiva del sistema bovino lechero del cantón Bolívar (latitud: -0.841025 longitud: -80.1667) perteneciente a la provincia de Manabí, con el objetivo de realizar el levantamiento de información del estado actual del mismo. Para esto, se conoció el número total de socios activos en ASOGABO (Asociación de Ganaderos del Cantón Bolívar) y se realizó el cálculo de la muestra (10 socios), seguidamente se diseñó un cuestionario, una ficha (aplicada durante 7 días a la hora del ordeño) y se tomó como referencia una lista de verificación del MAGAP. Mediante aquellas herramientas se logró conocer que, en la mayoría de las fincas, la cantidad de leche obtenida es baja en relación a la región Sierra, así mismo, se estableció que finca, grupo genético y tiempo de lactancia influyen estadísticamente en la producción lechera. Por otra parte, se determinó que ninguna finca cumplía con los requisitos establecidos por las buenas prácticas pecuarias en la producción de leche, destacándose tres aspectos como los principales problemas (infraestructura, alimentación y manejo del ordeño).

Abstract This research was based on the technical and productive characterization of the dairy cattle system in the Bolívar canton (latitude: -0.841025 longitude: -80.1667) of the province of Manabí, in order to gather information on its current status. For this, the total number of active members of ASOGABO (Cattlemen's Association of Canton Bolivar) was known and the sample was calculated (10 members), then a questionnaire was designed, a card (applied during 7 days at milking time) and a MAGAP checklist was used as a reference. Using these tools, it was found that, in most of the farms, the amount of milk obtained is low in relation to the Sierra region, and it was also established that farm, genetic group and lactation time have a statistical influence on milk production. In addition, it was determined that none of the farms complied with the requirements established by good livestock practices for milk production, and three aspects were identified as the main problems (infrastructure, feeding and milking management).

Current status and challenges for taeniasis and cysticercosis control in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

In the WHO new road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021—2030, the disease-specific targets are classified into control, elimination as a public health problem, elimination and eradication, and taeniasis and cysticercosis are targeted for control. The overall prevalence of taeniasis and cysticercosis is low in China, and varies remarkably in regions and populations; however, there are many challenges for elimination of taeniasis and cysticercosis in China. Based on previous taeniasis and cysticercosis control programs, developing a sensitive taeniasis and cysticercosis surveillance-response system, updating criteria for diagnosis of taeniasis and cysticercosis, proposing a national guideline for treatment of taeniasis and cysticercosis, and strengthening interdisciplinary and intersectoral communications and collaborations are urgently needed under the One Health concept.