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Introducción: Se ha sugerido que la crisis ambiental es una de las mayores amenazas para la salud pública. Sin embargo, se presta poca atención a este fenómeno en la formación de profesionales de la salud. Objetivo: Identificar las representaciones sociales sobre la enseñanza-aprendizaje del cuidado de enfermería en el contexto de crisis ambiental global, desde la perspectiva de enfermeras docentes universitarios en Chile. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, hermenéutico, delineado por medio de las representaciones sociales en su enfoque procesual. El método de producción de información resultó la entrevista enfocada. El muestreo fue teórico y el tamaño de la muestra se determinó por criterio de saturación (n = 15). Se realizó triangulación de fuentes y se utilizó el análisis de contenido cualitativo inductivo. Resultados: Emergieron tres líneas temáticas: 1. Cambio climático y medio ambiente en el currículo; 2. Oportunidades en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de cambio climático y medio ambiente, con cuatro categorías: sensibilidad de los estudiantes frente a temas medioambientales; motivaciones personales del docente, asignaturas facilitadoras y políticas institucionales; y 3. Barreras en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de cambio climático y medio ambiente, con tres categorías: modelo biomédico, resistencia al cambio y escases de interdisciplinariedad. Conclusiones: Los temas relacionados con la crisis ambiental global no están considerados en los currículos de enfermería, y se incluyen en las asignaturas solo cuando hay interés por parte del docente(AU)
Introduction: The environmental crisis has been suggested to be one of the greatest threats to public health. However, this phenomenon is given little attention during the training of health professionals. Objective: To identify the social representations about the teaching-learning of nursing care in the context of the global environmental crisis, from the perspective of university teaching nurses in Chile. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive and hermeneutic study was carried out, with a process-based approach using social representations. The method for producing information was the focused interview. The sampling was theoretical and the sample size was determined by saturation criteria (n=15). Triangulation of sources was performed and inductive qualitative content analysis was used. Results: Three thematic lines appeared: 1. climate change and environment within the curriculum; 2. opportunities as part of teaching and learning about climate change and environment (including four categories: students' sensitivity towards environmental issues, professors' personal motivations, facilitating subjects, and institutional policies); and 3. obstacles in teaching and learning about climate change and environment (including three categories: biomedical model, resistance to change, and scarcity of interdisciplinarity). Conclusions: Topics related to the global environmental crisis are not considered within the nursing curriculums; they are included in subjects only when the professors are interested in doing so(AU)
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Humanos , Mudança Climática , Epidemiologia DescritivaRESUMO
Se realiza un recorrido por la historia de los planes de estudio de la Educación Médica en Cuba, desde sus inicios que se remontan a la fundación del Seminario de San Basilio el Magno en Santiago de Cuba en 1722 hasta la actualidad. Se citan cronológicamente los planes de estudio relacionados con el contexto en que se desarrollaron cada uno de ellos, así como las influencias recibidas en su ejecución. (AU)
The history of the Medical Education curriculums in Cuba is reviewed from its beginning, back to the foundation of San Basilio el Magno seminary in Santiago de Cuba, in 1722, to the present day. Curriculums are cited chronologically in relation to the contexts they were implemented in, and also the influences under which they were put in practice. (AU)
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Humanos , Cronologia como Assunto , Educação Médica/história , Sistemas Nacionais de Saúde/históriaRESUMO
Introducción: en 1900 comienza la enseñanza universitaria de la Estomatología en Cuba, comenzó así el largo camino de la enseñanza de la profesión. Objetivo: realizar un análisis del desarrollo de la formación de recursos humanos en Estomatología y su impacto en la salud bucal de la población. Desarrollo: se presenta la evolución de la formación de los recursos humanos en Estomatología desde la fundación de la carrera en 1900 y los cambios ocurridos después del triunfo de la Revolución. Se destaca la extensión de la carrera a otras provincias del país y la evolución de los planes de estudio que han respondido a las transformaciones en la salud de la población, el sector salud y la educación superior. Desde 1959 al 2015 se han graduado 23 730 estomatólogos. Se muestra el desarrollo del posgrado destacándose la formación de especialistas y la creación del doctorado en Ciencias Estomatológicas. Se realizaron 15 procesos de evaluación externa de las carreras de Estomatología. Se significa el impacto de la formación de los recursos humanos en los resultados que exhibe Cuba (2015) en indicadores como 13,7 estomatólogos por 100 000, se brindaron 2,5 consultas por habitantes y la evolución del estado de salud bucal ha tenido un comportamiento favorable. Entre los retos más importantes se destaca incrementar la calidad de los procesos universitarios, la atención estomatológica y satisfacción de la población con los servicios, elevar el estado de salud de la población y mantener la cooperación internacional(AU)
ntroduction: In 1900 the university teaching of Dentistry started in Cuba, thus the long path began for the teaching of the profession. Objective: To conduct an analysis of the development of human resources training in Dentistry and its impact on the population oral health. Development: The evolution of the training of human resources in Dentistry since the foundation of the major in 1900 and the changes that came after the triumph of the Revolution. It highlights the outreach of the major to other provinces of the country and the evolution of the curriculums that have responded to the transformations in the population health, the health sector and higher education. From 1959 to 2015, 23 730 dental doctors have graduated. It shows the development of the postgraduate modality, highlighting the training of specialists and the creation of a Ph.D. in Dental Sciences. There were 15 external evaluation processes of the dental majors. The impact of the training of human resources on the results of Cuba (2015) in indicators, such as 13.7 dentistry doctors per 100 000 inhabitants, 2.5 consultations per inhabitants, were given, together with the evolution of the oral health status, which has had a favorable behavior. Among the most important challenges we find to increase the quality of university processes, dental care and the satisfaction of the population with services, raise the population health and maintain international cooperation.(AU)
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Desenvolvimento de Pessoal , Medicina Bucal , Educação em Odontologia , CubaRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the improvement of medical curriculums by examining the relationship between attributes of the Korean physicians and their needs for specialized departments and professionals for enhancing Korean physicians' social competence. METHODS: The uniqueness of this study is in its conduction a survey about the Korean physicians' needs of specialized departments and professionals for physicians' social competence or not, unlikely that previous studies focused on reviews. Subjects of this study are 288 physicians among the members of the Korean Society of Medical Education and The Korea Intern Resident Association. The hierarchical regression analyses are conducted. RESULTS: The authors present the results. First, the needs of specialized departments decline if physicians have ever majored on basic medical and learned professionalism ethics. Second, the older physicians are, the much more learned professionalism ethics and the needs of leadership competence physicians have, the necessities of specialized professionals are reduced. Finally, the physicians' needs of patient-oriented communication and sympathy of human in society as well as professionalism ethics increase recognitions of the importance of specialized professionals. CONCLUSION: These results show that strengthening systemic and educators' individual capacity for successful social competence curriculums is important.
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Humanos , Currículo , Educação , Educação Médica , Ética , Coreia (Geográfico) , Liderança , Competência MentalRESUMO
China modern Christian Universities refers to 13 Christian universities and 3 Catholicism Universities that were founded in the end of 19th century and at the beginning of 20th century.Because of the vast investment only a few universities offered medical PhD courses besides medical preparatory courses.More Christian Universities supplied medical preparatory courses.The students had plenty of element knowledge from the courses they studied.Biology,chemistry and physics were the foundation subjects in medical preparatory courses.
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The purpose of this study was to develop of nutritional education activities and effect evaluation in related curriculums for all Dongbu Elementary School children in Jinhae by the teacher in charge. This educational purpose was to build a desirable dietary behavior for optimal growth and health in elementary school children. The educational program contents were developed according to 1) selection of content related curriculums 2) analysis of contents related on dietary habits by grade 3) preparation teaching plans to build desirable dietary habits 4) development of teaching manual by turns. Twelve hours of nutrition education at all school classes were done from March 2 to December 10 2004 in Dongbu Elementary School in Jinhae, Gyeongnam. The education effects were evaluated through the questionnaire surveys before and after the education and their comparative analysis. The results of this study were summarized as follows : Forty percent of the underweight group, 22.8% of the normal group, 42.2% of the obese group had the wrong perceptions on their body figures, but after nutrition education 80.5% of the underweight group, 94.3% of the normal group, 97.9% of the obese group gleaned the correct perceptions on their body figures (p<0.001). As the effects of the education, the subjects who exercise more than 3 times in a week increased in all groups (p<0.01 - 0.001), notably in the obese group. Meal regularity (p<0.001), skipping meals (p<0.001), eating rate and snack selection patterns (p<0.01 - p<0.001) also improved by nutrition education. We could also observe the effects of the nutrition education through the affirmative statements which appeared in their dietary records. These results showed a possibility of nutrition education activities in related curriculums to improve in dietary habits of school children. Next year, we will start with the system of nutrition teachers in elementary school, but nutrition teacher cannot undertake the task of teaching and food service management alone. Because of that, we intend to develop this program as an alternative proposal for the nutrition education in elementary schools.
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Criança , Humanos , Currículo , Registros de Dieta , Ingestão de Alimentos , Educação , Comportamento Alimentar , Serviços de Alimentação , Refeições , Lanches , MagrezaRESUMO
This article gives insights into a series of research on the purpose, significance, system, execution and as-sessment of Medical Humanities Curriculums, based on the problems of the existing medical education. The MedicalHumanities Curriculums are divided into three major groups: the fundamental, the comprehensive and the practical,detailedly reasoned by their contents and functions.[