Rapid Identification of Gastrodiae Rhizoma with Different Sulfur Fumigation Levels Based on Ultra-fast Gas Phase Electronic Nose / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveIn order to find a fast odor-based method for the identification of sulfur fumigated Gastrodiae Rhizoma， an ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose technology was used to identify the odors of different degrees of sulfur fumigated Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces. MethodHeracles NEO ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose was employed to collect gas chromatograms of unsulfured and sulfured with different degrees of Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces， gas chromatograms were performed under programmed temperature （initial temperature of 40 ℃， 0.2 ℃·s-1 to 60 ℃， and then 4 ℃·s-1 to 250 ℃）， the sample volume was 5 mL， the incubation temperature was 65 ℃ and incubation time was 35 min. Kovats retention index and the AroChemBase database were used for qualitative analysis， and stoichiometric analysis was performed on this basis. Principal component analysis （PCA）， discriminant factor analysis （DFA） and partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） models were established to identify the Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces with different degrees of sulfur fumigation. ResultAccording to the comparative analysis of AroChemBase database， there were significant differences in the odor characteristics of sulfur fumigated and non-sulfur fumigated Gastrodiae Rhizoma， cyclopentane， acetone and heptane might be the odor components to distinguish the degree of sulfur fumigation in Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces. The identification index of PCA model was 81， the accumulative discriminant index of the discriminating factors was 92.09% in DFA model， the supervisory model interpretation rate of PLS-DA model was 0.963 and the predictive ability parameter was 0.956， indicating that PCA， DFA and PLS-DA models could well distinguish Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces with different sulfur fumigation degrees. ConclusionHeracles NEO ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose can be used as a rapid method to identify and distinguish Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces with different levels of sulfur fumigation. Meanwhile， it can provide a rapid， simple and green method and technology for identification of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces by sulfur fumigation.

Evaluation of the Genetic Toxicity of Cyclopentane and Ammonium Nitrate: In vitro Mammalian Chromosomal Aberration Assay in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

OBJECTIVES: In this study, the in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration (CA) assay was conducted to gain additional information concerning the hazards associated with the use of cyclopentane and ammonium nitrate. While these two chemicals had already been tested by many methods, they had not been studied in the CA test. METHODS: The assay was performed using the ovarian infantile cell (CHO-K1 cell), by the direct method (-S9) and by the metabolic activated method (+S9 mix). RESULTS: Using the direct method, the 7 dosages in a 48 hour treatment group did not show that the frequency of CA is proportion to the dosage addition. The frequency of CA is not proportion to the dosage addition for a 6 hour treatment using the metabolic activated method. CONCLUSION: From these findings, it was decided that the 2 chemicals do not induce chromosomal aberrations under the tested conditions.