Parasitoid complex of legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on different pulses

The spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius is an important herbivore of major pulses and vegetable legumes in India and the chemical pesticides are major contributors for its management. In order to have an idea on other alternative management tools, the present studies were carried out on the availability of parasitoids and its genetic variation. Totally, four larval parasitoids viz., Bassus sp., Trathala flavoorbitalis Cameron, Phanerotoma hendecasisella Cameron and an undetermined Braconid wasp were recorded on M. vitrata larva. The occurrence of P. hendecasisella was reported for the first time from Tamil Nadu, India. The Bassus sp. was found to be dominant with the parasitism of 3.0 to 12.7% in different pulses and total parasitism of four parasitoids was maximum in pigeonpea (16.1 %). Total parasitism had a positive relationship with number of webbings on cowpea. The larval parasitoids Bassus sp. and braconid wasp (undetermined) yielded specific fragments (~800 bp) with mitochondrial COI primer. Presence of Wolbachia was confirmed in all four larval parasitoids with the amplicons size between 600 and 650 bp. Present study clearly indicated the close proximity of Bassus sp. on M. vitrata than other parasitoids studied. Hence, it gives way for further insights on suitability, mass culturing and development for sustainable management of this insect pest.

AMDAR y PCR-extra-rápida para la identificación de la tottuga cabezona Caretta caretta (Testudines: Cheloniidae) utilizando el gen mitocondrial citocromo c oxidasa I (COI) / AMDAR and PCR-Extra-fast for Molecular identification of the loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta (Testudines: Cheloniidae) using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) / AMDAR e PCR extra-rápida para a identificação da Tartaruga-Comum Caretta caretta (Testudines: Cheloniidae), utilizando o gene mitocondrial citocromo c oxidase I (COI)

Para identificación molecular de tortuga cabezona Caretta caretta, se utilizó Amplificación Mitocondrial DNA y Análisis de Restricción y PCR Extra-rápida. Se obtuvo muestras de sangre de juveniles de C. caretta de playa Don Diego (Magdalena; n=4) e Islas Del Rosario (Bolívar; n=2) en el Caribe colombiano. Se aisló DNA, se estandarizó la amplificación del gen mitocondrial citocromo c oxidasa I (COI) por PCR extra-rápida, obteniendo fragmentos de 650 pares de bases, disminuyendo en un tercio el tiempo de reacción. El producto amplificado de COI se analizó con enzimas HindIII, HyCH4III y MseI generando perfil electroforético que al compararlo in silico con secuencias para otras especies de tortugas marinas; permitió identificar patrón específico para la tortuga cabezona. Las secuencias nucleótidicas se analizaron con BLAST y similaridad entre 97-99 % con C. caretta en cinco secuencias y 92 % en otra. La información de tortugas muestreadas fue integrada en base datos BOLD y se generó el código de barras. La metodología descrita para identificación de C. caretta es procedimiento rápido y bajo costo que minimiza el tiempo de PCR mejorando su especificidad.

We molecularly identified the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta using high-speed PCR amplification and restriction analysis of mitochondrial DNA. We isolated the DNA from blood from juvenile C. caretta from Don Diego beach (Magdalena; n=4), in Islas Del Rosario (Bolívar; n=2) in the Colombian Caribbean. By using high-speed PCR amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), we reduced reaction by one third and obtained fragments of 650 base pairs. We analyzed the amplified IOC product using enzymes HindIII, HpyCH4III and MseI and generated an electrophoretic profile, which compared in silico to other sea turtle species sequences, revealed the loggerhead's specific pattern. We found similarity between 97-99% with C. caretta in five of the BLAST analyzed nucleotide sequences and 92% in another. We generated a bar code for the sampled turtle information and sequences and stored them in the BOLD database. The methodology described for the identification of C. caretta is a fast and inexpensive procedure that minimizes time and improves PCR specificity.

Identificámos molecularmente a tartaruga-comum Caretta caretta usando PCR amplificado de alta-velocidade e análise de ADN mitocondrial restrito. Isolámos o ADN do sangue de juvenis C. carreta das praias Don Diego (Magdalena ; n=4), das Ilhas del Rosario (Bolívas; n=2) no Caribe Colombiano. Ao utilizar a amplificação por PCR de alta velocidade da citocromo c oxidase I (COI ), reduzimos a reacção a um terço, e obtivemos fragmentos de 650 pares de bases. Analisámos o produto IOC amplificado com as enzimas de restrição HindIII , HyCH4III e MseI e gerámos um perfil eletroforético, que comparado em silico com outras seqüéncias de espécies de tartarugas marinhas, revelou padrão específico à tartaruga-comum. Encontramos semelhanças entre 97-99 %, com C. caretta em cinco das seqüéncias de nucleotídeos BLAST analisados e 92% com outro. Gerámos um código de barras para a informação e seqüéncias das tartaruga amostradas e foram armazenados na base de dados BOLD. A metodologia descrita para a identificação de C. caretta é um procedimento rápido e barato, que minimiza o tempo e melhora a especificidade da PCR.

Exploitation of mitochondrial nad6 as a complementary marker for studying population variability in Lepidoptera

The applicability of mitochondrial nad6 sequences to studies of DNA and population variability in Lepidoptera was tested in four species of economically important moths and one of wild butterflies. The genetic information so obtained was compared to that of cox1 sequences for two species of Lepidoptera. nad6 primers appropriately amplified all the tested DNA targets, the generated data proving to be as informative and suitable in recovering population structures as that of cox1. The proposal is that, to obtain more robust results, this mitochondrial region can be complementarily used with other molecular sequences in studies of low level phylogeny and population genetics in Lepidoptera.

Studies on the Genetic Variation of Two Mitochondrial DNA Molecules of Schistosoma japonicum / 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

Objective To study the variation of Schistosoma japonicum through two mitochondrial DNA molecules. Methods Genomic DNA was isolated with kit, and the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 1(ND1) and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and sequenced. The gene trees were constructed and the acquired data were analyzed with the help of bioinfotmatics. Results The gene trees showed that the Taiwan isolate and the mainland isolates can be divided in two groups: a group from the hilly region (Yunnan and Sichuan), another group from the lake region (Hunan, Jiangxi and Anhui); isolates from Hubei are at a different position on the gene trees. Conclusion There are variations among the geographic isolates of Schistosoma japonicum in China, nevertheless, they have close kinship.