The high-risk factors of different severities of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) based on the national institute of child health and human development (NICHD) diagnosis criteria in 2018 / Os fatores de alto risco de diferentes gravidades de displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) com base no instituto nacional de saúde infantil e desenvolvimento humano (NICHD): critérios de diagnóstico em 2018

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of preterm infants with different severities of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and disclose the high-risk factors of exacerbating BPD. Methods Collection of clinical data of 91 preterm infants admitted to the NICU and diagnosed with BPD, categorized in groups according to the disease severity: 41 mild cases,, 24 moderate cases, and 26 severe cases. Comparison and analysis of perinatal risk factors, treatment, complications and prognosis of the infants with different severity degrees. Results The severe group had a higher proportion of infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) higher than the moderate group (P < 0.05), and a higher ratio of pneumonia and mechanical ventilation (MV) ≥ seven days than the mild group (P < 0.05). The severe group also presented higher reintubation incidence than both the mild and moderate groups (P < 0.05). The groups presented different (P < 0.05) incidence rates of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) . Ridit analysis suggested that the premature infants (PIs) with hsPDA, multiple microbial pulmonary infections, or Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia had more severe illness. Conclusion CHD, hsPDA, MV ≥ seven days, reintubation, pneumonia, especially multiple microbial pulmonary infections, and Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia are correlated with the severity of BPD and can be used as BPD progression predictor.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar as características clínicas de prematuros com diferentes gravidades de displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) e divulgar os fatores de alto risco para a DBP. Métodos Coleta de dados clínicos de 91 prematuros internados em UTIN com diagnóstico de DBP, categorizados em grupos de acordo com a gravidade da doença: 41 casos leves, 24 casos moderados e 26 casos graves. Foram feitas a comparação e a análise de fatores de risco perinatais, tratamento, complicações e prognóstico de lactentes com diferentes graus de gravidade. Resultados O grupo grave teve uma proporção maior de bebês com doença cardíaca congênita (DCC) do que o grupo moderado (p < 0,05) e com pneumonia e ventilação mecânica (VM) ≥ 7 dias do que o grupo leve (p < 0,05). O grupo grave também apresentou maior incidência de reintubação do que os grupos leve e moderado (p < 0,05). Os grupos apresentaram diferentes (p < 0,05) taxas de incidência de persistência do canal arterial hemodinamicamente significativa (PCAhs). A análise de ridit sugeriu que os bebês prematuros (BPs) com PCAhs, infecções pulmonares microbianas múltiplas ou pneumonia por Klebsiella pneumoniae tinham doenças mais graves. Conclusão DCC, PCAhs, VM ≥ 7 dias, reintubação, pneumonia, principalmente infecções pulmonares microbianas múltiplas, e pneumonia por Klebsiella pneumoniae estão correlacionadas com a gravidade da DBP e podem ser usadas como preditoras de progressão da DBP.

Evaluation of the Combination of APC and DCC Gene Methylation in the Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the significanceof both the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)and deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC)gene methylation in the early diagnosis of lung cancer.Methods 245 patients with lung cancer and 150 patients with non-malignant lung disease patients and 40 healthy volunteers were drawn for the experiment.A methylation specific PCR (MSP)was used to detect the methylation status of APC and DCC in the peripheral blood.Results The posi-tive rates of APC and DCC genes promoter methylation Peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer were 26.53% (65/245)and 36.33% (89/245),respectively.The positive rates of APC and DCC genes promoter methylation Peripheral blood of patients with benign lung diseases were 2.67% (4/150),8.00%(12/150),respectively.The positive rates of APC and DCC genes promoter methylation Peripheral blood of healthy volunteers were 0.There was a significant difference between patients with the lung cancer,those with the benign lung diseases and Healthy volunteers (P 0.05).There was no correlation between methylation test results and pa-tient gender,age,pathological type,pathological grade,TNM stage and so on (P >0.05).Conclusion APC and DCC gene methylation were closely related to the development of non-small cell lung cancer.They can be used as an early diagnostic marker of lung cancer.

Effects of DCC gene on biological behaviors of colorectal carcinoma cell line SW1116 / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous wild DCC gene stably transfection on growth of colorectal carcinoma cell line SW1116 in vitro. Methods DCC gene domain was amplified from human normal colon tissue by reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). At first,a recombinant expression plasmid pcDNA3. 1( + )-DCC was constructed. Human colorectal carcinoma cell line SW1116 with-out DCC gene was transfected with pcDNA3. 1-DCC. Cell viability was tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT)assay. Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the effects of pcDNA3. 1-DCC and expres-sion of carcino-embryonic antigen(CEA)in human colorectal carcinoma cell line SW1116 which was transfect-ed with pcDNA3. 1-DCC. Results The population of cells transfected with pcDNA3. 1( + )-DCC plasmid was lower than those with pcDNA3. 1( + )-DCC plasmid and normal cells(t = 3. 645,P ﹤ 0. 05;t = 3. 132,P ﹤0. 05)at 3 ~ 6 days after transfection,and the proliferation rate of cells transfected with pcDNA3. 1( + )-DCC plasmid was lower than those with pcDNA3. 1( + )plasmid and normal cells(t = 2. 134,P ﹤ 0. 05;t = 2. 736, P ﹤ 0. 05). Cell line SW1116 transfected with pcDNA3. 1( + )-DCC plasmid total viability was lower than nor-mal cells(t = 3. 053 ,P ﹤ 0. 05)at 2 ~ 6 days after transfection. Cell line SW1116 transfected with pcDNA3. 1 ( + )-DCC plasmid total viability was lower than those with pcDNA3. 1( + )plasmid(t = 2. 816,P ﹤ 0. 05)at 2,4,5,6 days after transfection. The population of flavo-green colour cells transfected with pcDNA3. 1( + )-DCC plasmid and the fluorescent intensity of these cells were lower than those with pcDNA3. 1( + )plasmid and normal control cells. Conclusion Transfected DCC gene can suppress the cell proliferation and make CEA expression of cell line SW1116 down regulation to weaken its infiltration and metastasis abilities.

Preliminary screening for microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity in the deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) gene among Filipino patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to detect the presence of microsatellite (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) gene in normal and tumor tissues of Filipino colorectal cancer patients and examine its correlation with age, gender, tumor grade, tumor stage and site of lesion.METHODS: Paired frozen normal and tumor tissues from thirtynine (39) patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma were used by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Single strand conformation polymorphism - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SSCP - PAGE) was used to determine MSI and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to study LOH.RESULTS: Based on our data, out of the 39 patients, 10 showed LOH of the DCC gene using the LOH markers VNTR, M2 and M3, while no MSI was detected in the samples using the MSI markers BAT25 and BAT26. Correlation with clinicopathological characteristics showed that there is significance for the site of lesion. The LOH has correclation with tumor samples from the colon but not with those from the rectum.CONCLUSION: Preliminary screening for MSI and LOH of the DCC gene shows that occurrences of colorectal cancer among Filipino patients can be correlated with LOH of the DCC gene with colorectal cancer in a Filipino sample population.

Expression of Deleted in Colorectal Cancer in the Rat Trigeminal Ganglia

The deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) protein mediates attractant responses to netrin during axonogenesis. In the rat trigeminal ganglia (TG), axons must extend toward and grow into the trigeminal nerve to innervate target tissues such as dental pulp. Our present study aimed to investigate the expression of DCC in the TG. Four developmental timepoints were assessed in the experiments: postnatal days 0, 7 and 10 and adulthood. RT-PCR and western blotting revealed that the expression of DCC mRNA and protein does not significantly change throughout development. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that DCC expression in the TG was detectable in the perikarya region of the ganglion cells during development. Nerve injury at 3 and 5 days after the mandibular nerve had been cut did not induce altered expression of DCC mRNA in the TG. Moreover, DCC-positive cell bodies also showed similar immunoreactive patterns after a nerve cut injury. The results of this study suggest that DCC constitutively participates in an axonogenesis attractant in ways other than expression regulation.

Role of DCC(Deleted in Colorectal Cancer) Gene in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Chromosome 18q alteration plays a key role in colorectal tumorigenesis, and loss of heterozygosity at 18q is associated with a poor prognosis in colon cancer. DCC(Deleted in Colorectal Cancer) is a putative tumor- suppressor gene at 18q21 that encodes a transmembrane protein with structural similarity to neural cell adhesion molecule that is involved in both epithelial and neuronal cell differentiation. DCC is implicated in regulation of cell growth, survival and proliferation. Thus, tumor progression in squamous cell carcinoma, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer correlates with downregulation of DCC expression. The mechanism for DCC suppression is associated with hypermethylation of the DCC gene promoter region. Hence, the goal of this study is to identify the promoter methylation responsible for the down-regulation of DCC expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. 12 of tissue specimens for the study are excised and gathered from 12 patients who are diagnosed as SCC in department of OMS, dental hospital, dankook university. To find expression of DCC in each tissue samples, immunohistochemical staining, RT-PCR gene analysis and methylation specific PCR are processed. The results are as follows. 1. In the DCC gene RT-PCR analysis, 5(41.6%) of 12 specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma did not expressed DCC gene. 2. In the promoter methylation specific PCR analysis, 5(41.6%) of 12 specimens showed promoter methylation of DCC gene. 3. In the immunohistochemical staining of poor differentiated and invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma, loss of DCC expression was observed. These findings suggest that methylation of the DCC gene may play a role in loss of gene expression in invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Estudo da relação entre a imunoexpressão das proteínas caderina-E e DCC com o grau de diferenciação celular e o estadiamento TNM do adenocarcinoma colorretal / Study of the expression of E-cadherin and DCC proteins with cell differentiation degree and staging in colorectal adenocarcinoma

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação de duas proteínas que participam do mecanismo de adesão celular com o grau de diferenciação celular e os estadiamentos TNM (T: tumor, N: linfonodo, M: metástase) I e IV no câncer de cólon e reto. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados cem pacientes (54 homens e 46 mulheres) tratados por adenocarcinoma colorretal, estádios I (44) e IV (56). Os cortes histológicos do tecido tumoral foram examinados por técnica de imuno-histoquímica em relação à imunoexpressão das proteínas caderina-E e delect in colon cancer (DCC), sendo classificados como positivos quando se detectou a imunoexpressão dessas proteínas em 50 por cento ou mais das células tumorais. RESULTADOS: Para o TNM, imunoexpressão da caderina-E estádio I: positiva em 72,7 por cento e negativa em 35,7 por cento ; estádio IV: positiva em 64,3 por cento e negativa em 35,7 por cento. Proteína DCC: 43,2 por cento positiva e 56,8 por cento negativa no estádio I, e 50 por cento positiva e 50 por cento negativa no estádio IV. Em relação ao grau de diferenciação celular, imunoexpressão da caderina-E - GI: positiva em 70 por cento e negativa em 30 por cento; GII: positiva em 68,4 por cento e 31,6 por cento negativa; GIII: 63,6 por cento positiva e 36,4 por cento negativa. Imunoexpressão da DCC - GI: 40 por cento positiva e 60 por cento negativa; GII: 46,8 por cento positiva e 53,2 por cento negativa; GIII: 54,5 por cento positiva e 45,5 por cento negativa. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados dessa pesquisa permitem concluir que não há relação da imunoexpressão das proteínas caderina-E e DCC com o estadiamento TNM (I e IV) e o grau de diferenciação celular no carcinoma colorretal.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the relationship of two proteins, which take part in the same mechanism of cell adhesion, with the cell differentiation degree and TNM staging I and IV in colorectal cancer. METHODS: One-hundred patients (54 men and 46 women), who have received treatment for colorectal cancer, stages I (44) and IV (56), have been studied. Histological cuts of tumor tissue were examined by the immunohistochemical technique as to the expression of E-cadherin and delect in colon cancer (DCC) proteins, being classified as positive whenever it was detected immunoexpression of such proteins in 50 percent or more tumor cells. RESULTS: For TNM, E-cadherin immunoexpression for stage I: positive in 72.7 percent and negative in 35.7 percent; stage IV: positive in 64.3 percent and negative in 35.7 percent. For DCC protein: 43.2 percent positive and 56.8 percent negative in stage I, and 50 percent positive and 50 percent negative in stage IV. Regarding the cell differentiation degree, the immunoexpression of E-cadherin - GI: positive in 70 percent and negative in 30 percent; GII: positive in 68.4 percent and negative in 31.6 percent; GIII: positive in 63.6 percent and negative in 36.4 percent. The immunoexpression of DCC - GI: 40 percent positive and 60 percent negative; GII: 46.8 percent positive and 53.2 percent negative; GIII: 54.5 percent positive and 45.5 percent negative. There was no significant difference among groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this research make it possible to come to the conclusion that there is no relationship between the immunoexpression of E-cadherin and DCC proteins with TNM staging (I and IV) and cell differentiation degree in colorectal cancer.

DCC Gene and Protein Expression in Colorectal Cancer

PURPOSE: The germline, or somatic, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, through point mutation, or deletion, plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Several gene alterations, such as adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and p53, have been detected in the development of colorectal cancer. Within these genes, a loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the DCC gene locus was frequently associated with colorectal tumors, and the LOH of the DCC gene, and the expression of the DCC protein, might be related to malignant formation and metastasis. The aim of this study was to determine the DCC LOH and the expression of DCC protein in colorectal cancers, and evaluate their prognostic value and relationship with the clinicopathological data. MTHODE: Fifty colorectal cancer tissues were obtained from resected specimens. Using formalin-fixed paraffin- embedded sections as a source of DNA, we examined the DCC protein in the tissue through immunohistochemical stainings and immunoblotting analysis, the DCC LOH through a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). RESULTS: DCC LOH was observed in 24 of the 50 patients (48.0%). The expression of the DCC protein was decreased in the cancer tissue (62.3 23.6%) compared with the adjacent normal mucosa inform the immunoblotting analysis. A decreased DCC protein expression was also observed from the immunohistochemistry, which coincided with the immunoblotting analysis. However, both the DCC LOH and the decreased DCC protein were not related to the clinical and pathological parameters, such as location of tumor, tumor size, histological type and the venous, and lymphatic invasions. There were significant correlations between the DCC protein expression and tumor progression, and hematogenous metastasis (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: A decreased expression of the DCC protein was noted in human colorectal cancers, and there was a significant relationship between the expression of the DCC protein and distant metastasis, but there was no correlation between the DCC LOH and distant metastasis. These results suggest that the expression of the DCC protein might be related to tumor progression and metastatic potential, and the DCC protein immunoreactivity may be a useful prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancers.

Study on the expression of the gene deleted in colorectal carcinoma in ovarian carcinoma / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the loss of the gene deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) gene expression in ovarian carcinoma and the transformation, progression of the tumor and its clinicopathological factors. Methods DCC gene mRNA expression were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 34 malignant, 10 benign and 10 normal ovarian samples. To clarify the expression of DCC gene by the DNA cloning and the DNA sequencing analysis in normal ovarian sample. Results The expression of DCC gene was lost in no normal ovarian tissues, in 2 (2/10) benign lesions, while the loss of DCC gene expression was found in 19(19/34,56%) carcinomas ( P

Clinical Significance of Expression of DCC Protein in Colorectal Carcinoma

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to discover the clinical importance of the DCC protein as a genetic factor that takes part in the metastatic process of colorectal cancer. METHODS: We performed clinical study among 113 patients who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer and consequently operated, on Korea University Guro Hospital from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 1995. At the immunohistochemical staining, 106 patients, were analyzed according to their recurrence and survival. RESULTS: From 106 patients 23 (21.7%) showed recurrences and distant metastases during follow up period. There was no difference in local recurrence and distant metastasis between the positive and negative groups. The stages did not contribute to making difference between positive and negative groups, except Dukes' C2, where the recurrence rate in the DCC protein negative group was higher than positive group, and it was of clinical significance. The relationship between survival rate and DCC protein expression was not clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of DCC protein is relevant to the recurrence, distant metastasis, and prognosis of colorectal cancer in many reports. However, in our study, there was no correlation between the expression of DCC protein and recurrence and survival rate, except Dukes' C2 stage. More cases are needed to confirm our result.

Study on loss of heterozygosity at the DCC locus in gastric cancer / 中华消化杂志

This article is to evaluate the role of DCC gene alteration in the development and progression of gastric cancer, as well as to correlate with its prognosis. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at DCC gene was examined in 45 cases of surgically resected gastric cancer tissue. LOH at the DCC locus was detected in 15/45(33.3%), and it was found to be closely related to clinical staging, but not to the histologic types, depth of tumor invasion or lymph node metastases. These results suggest that LOH at the DCC locus occurs in late stage of the disease and detection of LOH at the DCC locus may be useful for predicting the prognosis of the gastric cancer patients.

A Study of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Expression in Neuroepithelial Tumors

There exist many controversial debates on the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptor in neuroepithelial tumors. The receptors of these two female sex steroid hormones, i.e; estrogen and progesterone receptors, were examined in 24 neuroepithelial tumors. Using a dextran-coated chacoal(DCC) assay, high affinity binding sites were found in the cytosolic fraction with mean capacities of 3.42 and 4.71fmol/mg cytosol protein, respectively for progesterone receptors with stained positively for estrogen receptors and only 2 cases of tumor were stained positively for progesterone receptors with immunohistochemical technique. In addition, the most convincing evidence for the absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors was obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Southern blot hybridization using oligo nucleotide probes which is complementary to the fragments of the human estrogen and progesteone recepotrs messenger ribo nucleic acid(mRNA). In 24 neuroepithelial tumors, we were not able to find any expression of mRNAs coding for the estrogen and progesteone receptors. From the present study, it is concluded that estrogen and progesteone receptors are geneally absent in neuoepithelial tumors. This study suggests that estrogen and progesteone receptors would not be involved in neuroepithelial tumors and therefore have no current significance as makers for adjuvant medical therapy of most neuroepithelial tumors.