Evaluation of the significance of DIT on SUI with suspected detrusor contraction weakness / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the value of detrusor isovolumetric test(DIT)on female SUI with sus-pected detrusor contraction weakness. Methods A total of 86 SUI patients with suspected detrusor contraction weakness diagnosed by preoperative bladder cystometry(CMG)were enrolled in this study.DIT method was used to evaluate the bladder function. The difference of first sensation cystometry capacity, maximum cystometric capacity, bladder compliance and maximum detrusor pressure were compared between the two methods.Patients in group Ⅰwhowere diagnosed with normal detrusor function with DIT method underwent TOT surgery. Ninety normal SUI patients were selected as control group Ⅱ,who were diagnosed with normal detrusor function with CMG method. The surgery effect was compared between the two groups. Results By using DIT detection,there were 65 cases showed normal detrusor function of the 86 cases(75.6%).The maximum detrusor pressure with DIT was(31.2 ± 12.9)cm H2O versus(11.7 ± 3.1)cm H2O with cystometry(P＜0.05).No significant differences were observed in the first sensation cystometry capacity,maximum cystometric capacity and bladder compliance.The effective rate of TOT in both group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ was more than 95%,with no significantly difference between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusions DIT is a valuable method to evaluate the bladder function of female SUI patients with suspected detrusor contraction weakness.

Uma comparação do desenvolvimento moral de adolescentes entre duas décadas / A comparation of the moral development of adolescents between two decades / Una comparación del desarrollo moral de adolescentes entre dos décadas

Este estudo comparou a qualidade do julgamento moral de 222 adolescentes de 14 a 17 anos, nos anos de 1996 e 2011. A Teoria do Desenvolvimento Moral de Kohlberg foi usada como suporte teórico. O Defining Issues Test foi aplicado como medida de julgamento moral. Verificou-se que os Estágios 3, 4 e 5 foram dominantes no julgamento moral dos adolescentes na amostra total, com a média do Estágio 4 superior às médias dos demais estágios. Uma comparação do julgamento pós-convencional (Estágio 5) mostrou que a média desse estágio para os adolescentes de 2011 foi superior e significativamente diferente da média desse estágio para os adolescentes de 1996 (p < 0,001; d = 0,30). Atribuiu-se as diferenças encontradas nesse estudo, principalmente no que diz respeito ao uso de julgamentos de Estágio 5 para os adolescentes de 2011, à mudança na política educacional do ensino médio ocorrida em 1996, com a Lei nº 9.394, que estabeleceu as Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional - LDB.

This study compared the quality of moral judgment of 222 adolescents, ages between 14 and 17 years old, in 1996 and 2011. Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development was used as a theoretical reference. The Definning Issues Test was used as a measure of moral judgment. Results showed for the two decades that Stages 3, 4 and 5 were dominant in the moral judgment of adolescents and Stage 4 was significantly higher in average than the other stages. Still, the post-conventional moral thinking of Stage 5 was significantly higher (p < 0,001; d = 0,30) in 2011 than in 1996. These results, particularly the preference of use of Stage 5 for adolescents in 2011, were attributed to changes occasioned by Law No. 9394, which established the National Guidelines of Education.

Este estudio comparó la calidad del juicio moral de 222 adolescentes de 14 a 17 años, en 1996 y 2011. Como soporte teórico, se utilizó la Teoría del desarrollo moral de Kohlberg. Se aplicó, como medida del juicio moral, el Defining Issues Test. Los resultados indicaron que las etapas 3, 4 y 5 fueron dominantes en el juicio moral de los adolescentes en la muestra total, y que la media del Etapa 4 fue superior a las medias de las otras etapas. Una comparación del juicio postconvencional (Etapa 5) mostró que la media de esta etapa, para los adolescentes en 2011, fue superior y significativamente diferente (p < 0,001; d = 0,30) de la media de esta etapa para los adolescentes en 1996. Las diferencias encontradas en este estudio, especialmente acerca del uso de juicios de la Etapa 5 para los adolescentes en 2011, fueron atribuidas al cambio en la política educativa de la escuela secundaria, producida en 1996, por medio de la Ley Nº 9394, que estableció las directrices y bases de la Educación Nacional - LDB.

Cinema in the Age of Digital Revolution.

The third industrial revolution that is the digital revolution is a transformation from analog to digital technology. It is the beginning of the information age. Digitalization has gone to such an extent that there is shift to a digital film stock. Interactivity is another concept brought to forefront. There are positive as well as negative impacts on the society at large. Digitalization has made the art of film making more accessible.DVD releasing and internet streaming are frequent mode of exhibition. A new technology known as DIT came up with huge market demand.

A Longitudinal Study on Moral Judgment Development in Nursing and Medical Students / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: In this longitudinal study, we examined the moral judgment level and its related factors, such as individual characteristics. The result of this study will provide baseline data to establish policy of ethics education for college students and healthcare professionals. METHOD: We enrolled 37 nursing students and 20 medical students as the subjects in a university in Suwon, Korea. We conducted a questionnaire on the subjects using Korean version of Defining Issues Test(DIT) to analyze the subjects' moral judgment level. Collected data was coded using ASCII document and scored using Fortran program for computer. Then the data was statistically analyzed by SPSS Version 10.0. RESULT: Nursing students' moral development score at each stage were consistently higher at stage 5A across 4-years rather than other stages. On the other hand, medical students' moral development score were consistently higher at stage 4 than other stages. There was no significant difference in the change P(%) score at each academic year in both groups. In the perspective of the subjects' general characteristics, P(%) score showed no significant in both groups. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, further studies will examine the correlation between curriculum and moral judgment development in detail. Moreover, we suggest that the current ethics education should be developed and evaluated in more realistic manner.

Discussion on application value of x-ray digital imaging technique / 医疗卫生装备

DIT (digital imaging technique) is introduced including its types, characteristics, advantages and prospects. Further more , the application value of various DIT is discussed. The objective is to introduce the DIT to photography physicians and nurses for their better use of DIT.