Evaluation of corn hybrids for silage grown in different locations / Avaliação de híbridos de milho para silagem cultivados em diferentes locais

The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield, morphometric and chemical characteristics, and the digestibility of various corn hybrids cultivated in different locations for silage production. Four corn hybrids were grown: P2866H, P3456H, P30R50VYH and P4285YHR, in four locations, defined as farm A; B; C and D. The hybrid P4285YHR presented the highest plant and ear insertion heights (2.72m, 1.52m respectively), with a minimum registered height of 2.63 m and 1.42 m, for plant and ear insertion height, and for that reason it presented the highest yield of fresh biomass (78,089kg ha-1). The TND values showed trend very close to that observed in the DISMS of the whole-plant, with hybrid P3456H presenting the highest estimated value (68.74%), and the hybrid P4285YHR the lowest among them (65.25%). In general, lower fibrous carbohydrates and lignin content, higher fibrous carbohydrates content, together with satisfactory grains participation in the plant structure led to a greater dry matter digestibility. Hybrids with lower plant heights do not necessarily have lower dry biomass yields, but hybrids of greater height and with high stem and leaf participation tend to have a higher aFDN content and less dry matter digestibility.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo e as características morfométricas e químicas, além da digestibilidade de diferentes híbridos de milho cultivados em diferentes locais para produção de silagem. Foram cultivados quatro híbridos de milho: P2866H, P3456H, P30R50VYH e P4285YHR, em quatro locais, definidos como propriedades A; B; C e D. O híbrido P4285YHR apresentou as maiores alturas de planta e de inserção de espiga (2,72m, 1,52m, respectivamente), com altura mínima registrada, nos diferentes locais, de 2,63m e 1,42m, para altura de planta e inserção de espiga, e, por isso, apresentou o maior rendimento de biomassa fresca (78.089kg ha-1). Os valores calculados de NDT mostraram tendência muito próxima àquela observada na DISMS da planta inteira, tendo o híbrido P3456H apresentado o maior valor estimado (68,74%), e o híbrido P4285YHR o menor entre eles (65,25%). Em geral, menores concentrações de carboidratos fibrosos e lignina, maior teor de carboidratos fibrosos, juntamente com satisfatória participação de grãos na estrutura da planta, conduzem a uma maior digestibilidade da matéria seca. Híbridos com menores alturas de planta não necessariamente apresentam menores rendimentos de biomassa seca, mas híbridos de maior altura e com alta participação de colmo e folhas tendem a apresentar maior teor de aFDN e menor digestibilidade da matéria seca.(AU)

Transcriptome analysis for the restrained stem development of the wheat mutant dms / Desenvolvimento e análise de transcriptoma de uma haste de trigo mutante dms

ABSTRACT: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stem development significantly affects grain yield. The dwarf plants (D) of wheat mutant dms was less than 30cm. Here, we were to explore the molecular basis for the restrained stem development of the dwarf plants. The results were reached by compare the young spikes and stems transcriptomes of the tall (T) and D plants of mutant dms. We identified 663 genes highly expressed in stem tips. We identified 997 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in stem tips between T and D, 403 DEGs were significantly related with stem development. Most biological processes in stem tips on dwarf plants were significantly suppressed, such as phytohormone signaling etc. The sequencing analysis results were confirmed by quantitatively analysis the expression profiles of fourteen key DEGs via real-time QRT-PCR. We identified a group genes related to wheat stem development, identified a group DEGs related to the restrained stem development of D plants of dms. The suppressed phytohormone signaling, carbohydrate transport and metabolism were the major causal factors leading to dwarf plants of D. Our dataset provides a useful resource for investigating wheat stem development.

RESUMO: O desenvolvimento da haste do trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) afeta significativamente o rendimento dos grãos. A partir disso, empregou-se a base molecular para o desenvolvimento de uma haste de variedade de trigo. Os resultados foram alcançados ao conferir as hastes de um mutante de trigo DMS. Identificou-se 663 genes altamente expressos na haste; 997 genes (DEGs) diferentemente expressos em hastes entre T e D e; 403 DEGs foram significativamente diferentes. A maioria dos processos biológicos de caule tipo não plantas foram significativamente suprimidas, com o fito hormônio de sinalização. Os resultados da análise de sequencia foram confirmados pela expressão quantitativa de perfis de catorze chave DEGs através de qRT-PCR em tempo real. Nota-se um grupo de genes relacionados com a haste de trigo de desenvolvimento. Identificou-se um grupo DEGs relacionados com o desenvolvimento de um tronco D plantas de DMS. O fito hormônio de sinalização, transporte e metabolismo de hidratos de carbono foram os principais fatores suscetíveis das plantas anão de D. Nosso conjunto de dados fornece um recurso útil para investigar o desenvolvimento do caule de trigo.

Effects of sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitors in combination with 5-FU on gastric cancer MGC-803 cells and the possible mechanisms / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the effects of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1 ) inhibitor N, N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS)combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer MGC-803 cells and to explore the possible mechanisms involved.Methods MGC-803 cells were cultured in vitro.The effects of DMS and 5-FU on cell proliferation,apoptosis,and cell cycle distribution of MGC-803 cells were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometer (FCM),respectively.The expressions of SphK1 ,TS,DPD,NF-κB p65 and Bcl-2 proteins were detected by Western blot.Results Different concentrations of DMS or 5-FU alone or in combination could obviously inhibit the proliferation of MGC-803 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manners (P0.05).As compared with the cells without drug treatment,DMS or 5-FU alone could obviously increase the apoptosis rate of MGC-803 cells (P<0.05);the apoptosis rate in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the single-drug groups (P<0.05).The expression levels of SphK1,NF-κB p65 and bcl-2 proteins were down-regulated with the treatment of DMS alone or in combination,whereas those of TS and DPD were not affected.Conclusion DMS can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of gastric cancer MGC-803 cells in vitro.It shows a good synergetic effect in combination with 5-FU,probably by down-regulating the expressions of SphK1,NF-κB p65 and Bcl-2 proteins.

A nova classificação americana para os transtornos mentais: o DMS-5 / The new American classification for mental disorders: DMS-5 / La nueva clasificación de América para los trastornos mentales: DMS-5

Algumas das principais mudanças introduzidas na nova classificação diagnóstica norte-americana são apresentadas de modo sintético à comunidade psicanalítica. Fruto de estudos de campo que investigaram a validade dos diagnósticos anteriores, possui vantagens, mas mostra as falhas que temos ainda no conhecimento dos transtornos mentais. Algumas das principais críticas também são apresentadas...

Some of the main changes introduced in the new North American diagnostic classification are presented in a synthetic way to the psychoanalytic community. Result of field studies that investigated the validity of previous diagnoses has advantages, but gaps in the present knowledge of mental disorders are still there. Some of the main criticisms are also presented...

Algunos de los principales cambios introducidos en la nueva clasificación diagnóstica de América del Norte se presentan de manera sintética a la comunidad psicoanalítica. El resultado de los estudios de campo que investigaron la validez de los diagnósticos anteriores tiene ventajas, pero demuestra que todavía tenemos lagunas en el conocimiento de los trastornos mentales. Se presentan también algunas de las principales críticas...

TDA/H e o Neurocentrismo: reflexões acerca dos sintomas de desatenção e hiperatividade e seu lugar no registro das bioidentidades / ADHD and the Neurocentrism: reflections on the symptoms of lack of attention and hyperactivity and their register in the bio identities / TDAH y Neurocentrismo: reflexiones sobre los síntomas de desatención y hiperactividad y su lugar em los registros bioidentidades

Apresenta-se uma notícia divulgada na mídia de circulação nacional acerca da exacerbação do consumo de cloridrato de metilfenidato no Brasil. Realiza-se uma análise crítica da clínica do TDA/H sustentada pela classificação DSM. Para isso, faz-se uma breve leitura da história do DSM, tendo como foco o surgimento do TDA/H em suas sucessivas revisões, visando discutir os fundamentos do manual que justificam a existência e a classificação desse transtorno. Conclui-se que o corpo se constitui no refúgio da razão diagnóstica sustentada pelo DSM e apresenta-se a proposta de uma clínica que valorize a escuta do sintoma da criança como forma de produção que é singular, em alternativa à medicalização das manifestações desatentas e hiperativas na infância...

We present an article on the exacerbation of the consumption of methylphenidate in Brazil, published by the national media. We carried out a critical analysis of the clinical practices concerning the ADHD supported by the DSM. In order to do so, we briefly read the history of DSM, focusing on the appearance of the ADHA and its successive revisions, aiming to discuss its bases which justify the existence of a classification for such disorder. We came to the conclusion that the body is consisted in the refuge of the diagnostic reason supported by the DMS, then we presented a proposal of a clinical practice, which gives value to listening to the child's symptom as a way of production that is unique, as an alternative to the medicalization of the lack of attention and hyperactive manifestations in the childhood...

Se presenta un informe de noticias en los medios de comunicación de circulación nacional sobre la exacerbación del consumo de clorhidrato de metilfenidato en Brasil. Se realiza un análisis crítico de la clínica TDAH, con el apoyo de la clasificación DSM. Para ello, se hace una breve lectura de la historia del DSM, que se centra en la aparición del TDAH en sus revisiones sucesivas a fin de discutir las bases del manual que justifica la existencia y la clasificación de este trastorno. Se concluye que el cuerpo es el refugio de la razón con el apoyo de diagnóstico DSM, y se presenta una propuesta para una clínica que valora la escucha del síntoma del niño como una forma de producción que es único, en lugar de la medicalización de las conductas de desatención e hiperactividad en la infancia...

Modelling of the biofiltration of reduced sulphur compounds through biotrickling filters connected in series: effect of H2S

Background: The behaviour of two biotrickling filters connected in serie (BTF) inoculated with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Thiobacillus thioparus, biodegrading hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and dimethyl sulphide (DMS) simultaneously were studied. A model which considers gas to liquid mass transfer and biooxidation in the biofilm attached to the support is developed. Additionally, a fixed bed biotrickling filter where the microorganism is immobilized in a biofilm which degrades a mixture of H2S and DMS is implemented. Validation of the model was carried out using experimental data obtained at different H2S and DMS loads. Results: The inhibitory effect caused by the presence of H2S on the DMS is observed, which is evidenced by the decrease of the DMS removal efficiency from 80 to 27 percent, due to the preference that T. thioparus has by simple metabolism. H2S is not affected by the DMS, with removal efficiencies of 95 to 97 percent, but it decreases at high concentrations of the compound, due to the inhibition of metabolism by high H2S input loads. The model which describes the BFT fits successfully with the experimental results and it has a high sensitivity to inhibition parameters. Conclusion: It is shown that the microorganism has a high affinity for H2S, producing substrate inhibition when the concentration is high. The H2S is able to inhibit the DMS biooxidation, whereas the DMS does not affect the H2S biooxidation.

El astigmatismo y la catarata hallazgos más significativos en los adultos mayores de la localidad de Suba / Astigmatism and cataracts: the most significant findings among the Elderly in the locality of Suba

A través de esta investigación, se determinó el estado refractivo y la presencia de patologías oculares en la población de adultos mayores de la localidad de Suba.En el Instituto de Investigaciones optometritas de la Universidad de La Salle y mediante convenio suscrito con el Departamento Administrativo de Bienestar Social fue examinada una población de 370 adultos présbitas de ambos sexos, de ellos se eligieron 100 pacientes - 50 hombres y 50 mujeres -, que oscilaban entre 65 y 89 años.Los resultados arrojados por la investigación mostraron que el 73% de la muestra presentaba algún defecto refractivo en visión lejana, siendo el Astigmatismo y la Hipermetropía las de mayor incidencia.La Agudeza Visual del 28% de la muestra osciló entre el 20/70 y 20/200, situación que los limitaba para hacer sus labores diarias de forma eficiente y segura. Sumado a esto el 56% no usaban corrección óptica ó no habían sido examinados con anterioridad. El 38% de los pacientes presentaron patologías oculares importantes como Catarata ó DMS etc. algunas relacionadas con enfermedades sistémicas, muchas de ellas responsables de la disminución de la Agudeza Visual.Los resultados reflejaron la necesidad de una intervención efectiva del estado, de la empresa privada y de la academia para la puesta en marcha de campañas masivas de atención y prevención en salud visual y ocular en la población de adultos mayores en aras de propiciarles una mejor calidad de vida.

This research determined the refractive state and the presence of ocular pathologies among the elderlyin the locality of Suba. In the Optometric ResearchInstitute, which is part of La Salle University, andthrough an Agreement subscribed with theAdministrative Department of Social Welfare, 370long-sighted adults were examined, among them 50men and 50 women who were from 65 to 89 yearsold were selected for this study. The results showedthat 73% of the population had refractive defects inlong distance vision, being the most recurrentastigmatism and long-sightedness. The sight of the28% was between 20/70 and 20/200, which limitedthe population to make daily labors efficiently andsafely. Moreover, 38% of the population hadimportant ocular pathologies such as cataracts orDMS, some of them are related to systemic illnesses,and most of them are responsible of sight decrease.The results showed the need of an effectiveintervention by the State, private companies, andacademy to carry out massive campaigns of attentionand prevention in visual health in the elderly inorder to give them a better life quality.

Networking Experience of Point-of-Care Test Glucometer / 대한진단검사의학회지

BACKGROUND: Clinical laboratories are selecting total solutions to point-of-care test (POCT) by handling all aspects of information management ranging from the ordering of the test to the reporting of verified results. Today, many POCT devices can be directly connected to the laboratory information system (LIS) via data management system (DMS). We report here our experience with the networking of POCT glucometers. METHODS: We set up computerization of POCT glucometer (Precision PCx, Abbott, USA) in August, 2004 and established a quality control (QC) system for the portable glucometers on 16 wards in Chung-Ang University Hospital. Precision of the glucometers was assessed by performing 28 replicate tests using quality control specimens containing 5 different glucose concentrations. Turnaround time (TAT) was calculated from the data of 17,796 glucose tests performed during a 5-month period in 2004 before computerization of the glucometers and 31,513 tests performed during the same 5-month period of 2005 after computerization. RESULTS: In the precision study, within-run and total-run CVs were within 10%. With the networking of POCT glucometers, the TAT from the collection of specimen to the specimen receipt to the LIS was 28.5+/-17.2 min compared to 43.6+/-17.5 without the networking (P<0.0001). A staff satisfaction survey received a high score (88%) for an overall satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: This device significantly expands the data management and networking capabilities of the bedside glucometer. Networking technology should allow for a centralized quality control management.

Enhancement of radiosensitivity by combined ceramide and dimethylsphingosine treatment in lung cancer cells

Ceramide generated from sphingomyelin in response to ionizing radiation has been implicated as a second messenger to induce cellular proapoptotic signals. Both ceramide and its metabolic inhibitor, N, N-dimethyl-D-erythro-sphingosine (DMS), might lead to sustained ceramide accumulation in cells more efficiently, thereby sensitizing them to gamma-radiation-induced cell death. To delineate this problem, the clonogenic survival of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells was evaluated following exposure to radiation together with or without C2-ceramide, DMS, or both. The treatment of ceramide/DMS synergistically decreased the survival of the irradiated cells compared with treatment with ceramide or DMS alone. Ceramide/DMS-treated cells displayed several apoptotic features after gamma-irradiation, including increased sub G1 population, TUNEL-positive fraction, and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. We also observed ceramide/ DMS induced disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and activation of caspase- 9 and -3 in a radiation-dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, pretreatment of LLC cells with ceramide/DMS not only increased the protein expression level of Bax, but also decreased Bcl-2 after gamma-irradiation. Taken together, the present study indicates that the radiosensitizing activity of ceramide/DMS on LLC cells most likely reflects the dominance of pro-apoptotic signals related to the mitochondria-dependent pathway.