Andrographolide sulfonate ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice by down-regulating MAPK and NF-κB pathways

Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe, life-threatening medical condition characterized by widespread inflammation in the lungs, and is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in the patient population. New therapies for the treatment of ALI are desperately needed. In the present study, we examined the effect of andrographolide sulfonate, a water-soluble form of andrographolide (trade name: Xi-Yan-Ping Injection), on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and inflammation. Andrographolide sulfonate was administered by intraperitoneal injection to mice with LPS-induced ALI. LPS-induced airway inflammatory cell recruitment and lung histological alterations were significantly ameliorated by andrographolide sulfonate. Protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were reduced by andrographolide sulfonate administration. mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue were also suppressed. Moreover, andrographolide sulfonate markedly suppressed the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) as well as p65 subunit of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In summary, these results suggest that andrographolide sulfonate ameliorated LPS-induced ALI in mice by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK-mediated inflammatory responses. Our study shows that water-soluble andrographolide sulfonate may represent a new therapeutic approach for treating inflammatory lung disorders.

Histological Study of Experimental Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium / 대한해부학회지

Inflamatory bowel disease is the general medical terminology on chronic inflammatory illness of unknown origin, but it is considered that environmental, genetical, immunological factors may develop this chronic disease. I examined the histological changes on the experimental ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in rats. Experimental colitis was induced with 5% DSS in the drinking water for 5days in rats (experimental group). And the repair group were treated with 5% DSS for 5days and with pure water after 7days in rats. In experimental group, there are many inflammatory finding in colon of rat which contained loss of body weight, crypt erosion, recruitment of inflammatory cells, submucosal edema. In repair group, the inflammation was recovered that the body weight was incerased, the crypt was recovered. And Ki 67 immunoreaction were restricted lower 1/3 crypt in normal group but positive Ki 67 reaction appeared in the repaired all region. In this study, DSS was induced experimental colitis and the colitis was repaired when we stoped DSS supply. And the Ki 67 during repaired period were overproduction.

A Study of Immunohistochemical Change of the Experimental Ulcerative Colitis induced by DSS / 대한해부학회지

The experimental ulcerative colitis is chronic inflammatory illness in colon, which didn't reveal the exact reason and pathophysiological situation. In this study, the colitis was induced by 3% DSS (mw; 40,000) for 5 days in mouse which was resemble to inflammatory bowel disease in human, and immunohistochemical changes were observed in the mucosa. In inflammatory group, thickness of the colon was increased and the length of colon was shorter than that of the normal group and the body weight decreased. In microscopic aspect, the crypt erosion, many inflammatory cells and submucosal edema were occurred. In immunohistochemical study, the immunity of COX1 in the inflammatory group was not changed to comparing the normal group, but COX2 immunoreactivity was increased than the normal group, HSP70 immunoreactivity were also increased than the normal group. MAC387 which used to detect the macrophage was increased than the normal group and PCNA immunoreactivity were increased along to the mucal layer. And the number of apoptosis cells detected by TUNEL was increased. In these results, the experimental colitis revealed the tissue defense mechanism as well as inflammatory system and observed the stuffs related to the regeneration.

Fine Structure of Goblet Cell Regeneration on Experimental Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium / 대한해부학회지

Ulcerative colitis is recognized as important causes of gastrointestinal diseases in children and adults. I observed the fine structural changes of goblet cell regeneration after experimental ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in rats. Experimental colitis was induced with 5% DSS in the drinking water for 5 days, and the healing groups were fed with pure water for 7 days thereafter. In the early stage of goblet cell regeneration (repair 3 days group), granular endoplasmic reticulums were developed around the nucleus, and some mucigen granules were observed around the nucleus. In the middle stage of goblet cell regeneration (repair 5 days group), Golgi complexes were well developed in the upper region to the nucleus, and many mucous granules were observed. In the matured goblet cell regeneration (repair 7 days group), many mucous granules appeared in the upper region of the cell, and cell organelles were located in the base and periphery of the cell. These results suggest that the goblet cell was completely reconstructed within 7 days after ulcerative colitis.