Dairy product intake and influencing factors in residents of Shanghai / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the dairy product intake in residents of Shanghai,its seasonal changes and the influencing factors.Methods A group of representative residents was surveyed and followed up in four seasons in Shanghai during 2012-2014.Information of the dairy product intake was collected by food frequency questionnaire.Results Liquid milk and yogurt were the main dairy products consumed by the residents of Shanghai.The annual dairy product intake rate was 41.8％,and the median of dairy intake of milk was 145.3 g/d,accounting for 48.4％ of reference dietary intake value,and only 4.5％ of people's diary product intake reached intake reference value.The area specific differences in intake rate of liquid milk,yogurt and total dairy product intake were significant in four seasons and in whole year (P＜0.05).The area specific differences in total dairy product intake were significant (P＜0.05) in spring,summer and winter.In general,it was shown that dairy product intake in urban area was higher than that in suburban area and in rural area.The data of Shanghai and urban area showed that the total dairy product intake was significant different among four seasons (P＜0.05),but no significant difference was observed among four seasons in suburban and rural areas.The logistic regression analysis results showed that people with average household income higher than local average level or higher education levels were more likely to consume dairy products daily.People who reported to have good health status or sleep quality were more likely to drink milk compared to those who have worse health status or sleep quality (P＜0.05).Conclusions Even though dairy product intake rate and volume have been improved in residents in Shanghai,it is still stay at lower level,especially in rural area.To promote consumption of dairy products,it is necessary to control diary product price from macro perspective,and strengthen healthy education about the importance of dairy product intake and guide residents to select suitable dairy products.

Dairy product intake and influencing factors in residents of Shanghai / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the dairy product intake in residents of Shanghai,its seasonal changes and the influencing factors.Methods A group of representative residents was surveyed and followed up in four seasons in Shanghai during 2012-2014.Information of the dairy product intake was collected by food frequency questionnaire.Results Liquid milk and yogurt were the main dairy products consumed by the residents of Shanghai.The annual dairy product intake rate was 41.8％,and the median of dairy intake of milk was 145.3 g/d,accounting for 48.4％ of reference dietary intake value,and only 4.5％ of people's diary product intake reached intake reference value.The area specific differences in intake rate of liquid milk,yogurt and total dairy product intake were significant in four seasons and in whole year (P＜0.05).The area specific differences in total dairy product intake were significant (P＜0.05) in spring,summer and winter.In general,it was shown that dairy product intake in urban area was higher than that in suburban area and in rural area.The data of Shanghai and urban area showed that the total dairy product intake was significant different among four seasons (P＜0.05),but no significant difference was observed among four seasons in suburban and rural areas.The logistic regression analysis results showed that people with average household income higher than local average level or higher education levels were more likely to consume dairy products daily.People who reported to have good health status or sleep quality were more likely to drink milk compared to those who have worse health status or sleep quality (P＜0.05).Conclusions Even though dairy product intake rate and volume have been improved in residents in Shanghai,it is still stay at lower level,especially in rural area.To promote consumption of dairy products,it is necessary to control diary product price from macro perspective,and strengthen healthy education about the importance of dairy product intake and guide residents to select suitable dairy products.

Lifestyle in Relation to Increase in Weight in Korean Middle-aged Men

BACKGROUND: The relationship of lifestyle and socioeconomic factors with weight change over 4 years in Korean middle-aged group was assessed. METHODS: A total of 1,167 men, aged 40~59 years, were selected from the Health Promotion Center of Ulsan University Hospital during the period of Jan. 2000 through Mar. 2000. Including anthropometric measures, designed questionnaires were administered concern lifestyle behavior topics with cigarette smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption, dairy product consumption and socioeconomic factors of monthly income and education. The subjects were divided into three groups by body mass index (BMI: kg/m(2)); normal ( or =25 kg/m(2)). After 4 years of follow-up, the men were classified into weight change categories; 1) stable weight group (from normal to normal, from overweight to overweight) and 2) weight gain group (from normal to overweight/obesity, from overweight to obesity). RESULTS: The weight gain group were 18.4% (n=215) and the stable overweight group were 81.6% (n=952). Adjusted for age, the frequency of dairy product consumption, the frequency of alcohol drinking, the regularity of exercise, education and monthly income, the smokers (> or =10/day) had significantly high incidence rates of increase in weight (odds ratio=1.77, 95% CI 1.07~2.90). The increased dairy consumers (> or =4/week) had significantly low incidence rates of increase in weight (odds ratio=0.43, 95% CI 0.20~0.93). Otherwise, there were no significant relationships in weight change. CONCLUSION: Smoking and decreased dairy product consumption were related to the increase in weight.

Relation between Milk Consumption and Bone Mineral Density of Female College Students in Korea

The purpose of our study was to evaluate an association between milk consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) of female college students in Korea. The dietary data of 1,410 Korean college students living in the vicinity of Seoul area were collected through the Food Frequency Questionnaire. The mean age, height, weight and BMI of the subjects were 20.4 years, 162.1 cm, 52.7 kg, and 20.0 kg/m2 respectively. The mean intakes of energy, protein, and phosphorus were 2,398.7 kcal, 95.2 g, and 1,302.9 mg respectively, which were above their EER or Recommended Intake (RI), but the mean intake of calcium was 657.8 mg which was below its RI, and 44.0% of the subjects did not meet Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of calcium. The daily milk consumption was 131.1 g, and the total consumption of milk and dairy product was 228.7 g. Forty five percent of the subjects consumed 50 ~200 g of milk or dairy products. After the analysis of their dietary intakes, the subjects were divided into quintiles of total consumption of milk and dairy product, which were considered as major source of dietary calcium. Ninety two subjects from the upper quintile (UQ) and 85 subjects from the lower quintile (LQ) were selected and their bone mineral densities (BMD) of lumbar spine (L1-L4) and the femur were examined by the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The BMD (g/cm2) of L1, L2, L3, and average of femur were 1.065, 1.150, 1.187, and 0.988 for the UQ subjects, which were significantly higher than those of the LQ subjects, 1.010, 1.090, 1.146, and 0.942 respectively. Moreover, the T-scores of the UQ were significantly higher than those of the LQ. The prevalence rates of osteopenia classified according to WHO's criterion were 12.0% in the UQ, and 20.0% in the LQ group which showed non significant. Blood levels of calcium, and phosphorus of UQ and LQ group were both within the normal range, and were not significantly different. Our results showed that UQ group presented the better status of bone mineral density and bone health. Therfore our results suggest that continuous consumption of more than one and a half cups of milk per day, which corresponds to the least amount of UQ group's consumption, would affect positively on the bone health of Korean adults.