The utility of physician-staffed helicopters for managing individuals who experience severe isolated head trauma / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: The authors retrospectively investigated prognostic factors for severe isolated head trauma in patients evacuated by a physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) or ground ambulance using data from the Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB).Patients and Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of data housed in the JTDB database. The study period was from January 2004 to May 2019. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the method of transportation: helicopter (i.e., HEMS), which included patients transported by a physician-staffed helicopter; and ambulance, which included patients transported by ground ambulance.Results: A total of 41,358 patients were enrolled in the study, including 2,029 in the helicopter group and 39,329 in the ambulance group. The ratio of males, median head Abbreviated Injury Scale and Injury Severity Scale (ISS) scores were significantly greater in the helicopter group than in the ambulance group, while the average age, median Glasgow Coma Scale, average Revised Trauma Score (RTS), and survival rate were significantly lower in the helicopter group than in the ambulance group. Of the variables that demonstrated statistical significance in the univariate analysis and classification of transportation and included in the multivariate analysis, the following were identified as significant predictors of survival outcomes: younger age, lower ISS, female sex, and greater RTS. HEMS was not a significant predictor of survival.Conclusion: The present study revealed no effect of HEMS transport on the outcomes of patients who experienced severe isolated head trauma compared with ground ambulance transportation. Further prospective studies, including an analysis of the operation time or distance traveled by the HEMS and the functional outcome(s) of patients with severe head injury transported by HEMS, are warranted.

Epidemiology and Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury in Elderly Population : A Multicenter Analysis Using Korean Neuro-Trauma Data Bank System 2010–2014

OBJECTIVE: Although traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs in people of all age groups, the elderly population is at a particular risk. The proportion of elderly population in the society is markedly increasing and Korea is one of the most rapidly aging societies. Here, we analyzed the data from 904 patients older over 65 years who were registered in the Korean Neuro-Trauma Data Bank System (KNTDBS). METHODS: The Korean Society of Neurotraumatology recorded data from 20 institutions between September 2010 and March 2014. This retrospective study examined the clinical epidemiology, sex difference, outcome epidemiology, sociodemographic variables, and outcomes in the geriatric population related to TBI based on data from the KNTDBS. RESULTS: The study included 540 men and 364 women. The age distributions in the male and female groups were statistically significantly different. The most common cause of trauma was a fall and diagnosis was acute subdural hematoma. The incidence was the highest in men aged 80–84 years and in women aged 75–79 years. The most common time of arrival to hospital after TBI was within 1 hour and 119 rescue team provided first aid earliest to patients with TBI. The mortality rate stratified according to the cause of trauma was significantly different, with mortality rates of 3.77% in fall and 11.65% in traffic accident. The mortality rates according the severity of brain injury, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and treatment were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this study is the first to focus on elderly patients with TBI in Korea and particularly investigate mortality and characteristics related to TBI-related death based on data from the KNTDBS. Although the study has some limitations, our results may be used to obtain useful information to study targeted prevention and more effective treatment options for older TBI patients and establish novel treatment guidelines and health polish for the geriatric population.

Epidemiology and Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury in Elderly Population : A Multicenter Analysis Using Korean Neuro-Trauma Data Bank System 2010–2014

OBJECTIVE: Although traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs in people of all age groups, the elderly population is at a particular risk. The proportion of elderly population in the society is markedly increasing and Korea is one of the most rapidly aging societies. Here, we analyzed the data from 904 patients older over 65 years who were registered in the Korean Neuro-Trauma Data Bank System (KNTDBS).METHODS: The Korean Society of Neurotraumatology recorded data from 20 institutions between September 2010 and March 2014. This retrospective study examined the clinical epidemiology, sex difference, outcome epidemiology, sociodemographic variables, and outcomes in the geriatric population related to TBI based on data from the KNTDBS.RESULTS: The study included 540 men and 364 women. The age distributions in the male and female groups were statistically significantly different. The most common cause of trauma was a fall and diagnosis was acute subdural hematoma. The incidence was the highest in men aged 80–84 years and in women aged 75–79 years. The most common time of arrival to hospital after TBI was within 1 hour and 119 rescue team provided first aid earliest to patients with TBI. The mortality rate stratified according to the cause of trauma was significantly different, with mortality rates of 3.77% in fall and 11.65% in traffic accident. The mortality rates according the severity of brain injury, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and treatment were statistically significant.CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this study is the first to focus on elderly patients with TBI in Korea and particularly investigate mortality and characteristics related to TBI-related death based on data from the KNTDBS. Although the study has some limitations, our results may be used to obtain useful information to study targeted prevention and more effective treatment options for older TBI patients and establish novel treatment guidelines and health polish for the geriatric population.

Design of the tuberculosis laboratory equipment management system based on internet of things / 中国医学装备

Objective:To design a tuberculosis(TB) laboratory equipment management system based on Internet of Things (IOT), and put forward the specific plan of IOT technology used in TB laboratory equipment management.Methods: Bases on data acquisition technology, wireless mobile terminal based on wireless LAN technology, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and computer technology, the Web application system architecture built equipment management system to realize internal information sharing and management of laboratory equipment.Results: The tuberculosis laboratory equipment management system using RFID networking technology and 2-dimensional bar code identification based on recognition, positioning and tracking of equipment, built system architecture by the user login module, device management module, equipment ledger management module and public affairs workflow management module. It has high efficiency, and is convenient for data query, updating and unifying management, information monitoring, real-time dynamic effect of maintenance equipment for positioning and bio safety management.Conclusion:The application of program links TB laboratory equipment management system networking and related technology based on IOT can achieve recognition, positioning and tracking of laboratory equipment, and also can effectively improve the overall level of laboratory equipment management intelligence and laboratory management efficiency.

Analysis of Mortality and Epidemiology in 2617 Cases of Traumatic Brain Injury : Korean Neuro-Trauma Data Bank System 2010–2014

OBJECTIVE: The aims of the Korean Neuro-Trauma Data Bank System (KNTDBS) are to evaluate and improve treatment outcomes for brain trauma, prevent trauma, and provide data for research. Our purpose was to examine the mortality rates following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a retrospective study and to investigate the sociodemographic variables, characteristics, and causes of TBI-related death based on data from the KNTDBS. METHODS: From 2010 to 2014, we analyzed the data of 2617 patients registered in the KNTDBS. The demographic characteristics of patients with TBI were investigated. We divided patients into 2 groups, survivors and nonsurvivors, and compared variables between the groups to investigate variables that are related to death after TBI. We also analyzed variables related to the interval between TBI and death, mortality by region, and cause of death in the nonsurvivor group. RESULTS: The frequency of TBI in men was higher than that in women. With increasing age of the patients, the incidence of TBI also increased. Among 2617 patients, 688 patients (26.2%) underwent surgical treatment and 125 patients (4.7%) died. The age distributions of survivors vs. nonsurvivor groups and mortality rates according the severity of the brain injury, surgical treatment, and initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were statistically significantly different. Among 125 hospitalized nonsurvivors, 70 patients (56%) died within 7 days and direct brain damage was the most common cause of death (80.8%). The time interval from TBI to death differed depending on the diagnosis, surgical or nonsurgical treatment, severity of brain injury, initial GCS score, and cause of death, and this difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Using the KNTDBS, we identified epidemiology, mortality, and various factors related to nonsurvival. Building on our study, we should make a conscious effort to increase the survival duration and provide rapid and adequate treatment for TBI patients.

Historical Review of Japan Neurotrauma Data Bank (JNTDB) / 대한신경손상학회지

In Japan prior to 1990s, the national scale of head trauma statistics are only available by the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis. But these have limited data confined to traffic accident trauma by three classification system; death, severe trauma and minor trauma. In the need for easy accessibility of nationwide trauma data, the Japan Neurotrauma Data Bank (JNTDB) Committee was founded within the Japan Society of Neurotraumatology in 1997. The committee carried out the first pilot study involved by 10 medical institutions nationwide to evaluate traumatic brain injury in Japan. In project 1998 of JNTDB, original data sheet with 392 items including etiology of injury, pre-hospital care, initial treatment including neuro-intensive care unit, and surgical treatment, were created. As "Project 1998", the analysis results have been published in Japan Neurosurgical Society journal. The "Project 2004" was a clinical research on severe head injury cases that have been registered from July 2004 to June 2006. In 2005, one week study of the JNTDB was conducted to elucidate the actual status of head injury in Japan. In the history of during 15 years, JNTDB produced many clinical outputs: 10 presentations on neuroscience conferences and 69 review articles on the famous journals. Consideration of history and achievements of JNTDB suggests guidance to further refinement and direction of future development of Korean Neurotrauma Data Bank. Nationwide and international trauma data bank will be very valuable as a study guide or basic data of the project activities in the future.

Understandings and Key Elements of Trauma Data Bank System / 대한신경손상학회지

Understanding the components of a Trauma Data Bank System (TDBS) is important, whether one is to use registry data for research or administrative purposes by an institution or a nation. TDBS has been designed to serve a number of purposes, including quality of life improvement, injury prevention, clinical research, and policy development. This review describes the history of trauma registry in the world and key components of TDBS. A detailed review of english-language articles on trauma registry was performed using MEDLINE searches. In addition, relevant articles from non-indexed journals were identified with Google Scholar. Since their beginning over 30 years ago, trauma registries have not fully been established in most developing countries. The following elements play key roles in the creation of trauma data bank: 1) study design, 2) inclusion and exclusion criteria, 3) collected variables, 4) registry software, 5) registry staff and training, and 6) data management strategies. By reviews in the articles, guidelines for the design and implementation of trauma registries are given. The final goal of this review is to make an application to establishment the futures of Korean Trauma Data Bank System.

O status do conhecimento sobre a fauna de mamíferos do Espírito Santo baseado em registros de museus e literatura científica / Current state of knowledge on Espírito Santo mammals based on museum records and published data

O estado do Espírito Santo é uma das regiões reconhecidas como uma das mais ricas em termos de diversidade de espécies. Entretanto, o conhecimento sobre a fauna de mamíferos é ainda limitado. Devido à falta de uma lista completa sobre as espécies de mamíferos silvestres do estado e à pouca informação sobre os registros dessas espécies, realizamos um estudo sistemático sobre o status do conhecimento científico das espécies de mamíferos do Espírito Santo. Assim, reunimos em um banco de dados digital as informações sobre os registros de ocorrência das espécies de mamíferos utilizando dados publicados ou associados a espécimes tombados em museus. Verificamos, também, quais as regiões do estado onde houve um maior esforço de coleta da fauna de mamíferos e onde a riqueza de espécies é mais elevada utilizando o programa DIVA. Como resultado, geramos uma lista de 138 espécies de mamíferos silvestres no Espírito Santo que inclui espécies ameaçadas de extinção e endêmicas da Mata Atlântica, além de duas típicas do Cerrado. Esse estado possui regiões do seu território consideradas lacunas de conhecimento, pois não existem muitas informações sobre a mastofauna. O extremo norte do estado é a principal região onde o conhecimento é limitado. As microrregiões do Espírito Santo onde se realizaram mais levantamentos da fauna de mamíferos foram a Central Serrana e a Pólo Linhares. A lista de espécies de mamíferos é uma diretriz para as próximas pesquisas a serem realizadas no estado, entretanto não se pode afirmar que é uma lista completa. É importante que sejam realizados outros levantamentos faunísticos no estado com maior abrangência geográfica e esforço amostral, principalmente nas regiões onde as informações são escassas.

The state of Espírito Santo has been recognized as one of the richest Brazilian states in terms of species diversity, but the knowledge on its mammal fauna is still limited. Due to the lack of a complete list of wild mammals occurring in the state and to the scarcity of information associated to species records, we carried out a study on the state of scientific knowledge on mammal species in the state of Espírito Santo. We compiled a digital database with locality records of mammal species from published data and museum specimens. We used the software DIVA to verify where efforts for recording mammals are located and also where species richness is higher. As a result, we generated a list of 138 Espírito Santo mammals, which includes threatened animals and Atlantic Forest endemic species, and two species typical of the Cerrado. We found regions that are knowledge gaps, especially in the northern part of the state. There have been more mammal surveys in the micro regions "Central Serrana" and "Pólo Linhares". The list of mammal species is a guideline for future research, even though it is not exhaustive. We recommend conducting faunal surveys focusing on larger geographic areas and intensive sampling efforts, mainly in those regions where information is scarce.

A bacia hidrográfica do Tietê/Jacaré: estudo de caso em pesquisa e gerenciamento

A bacia do Tietê-Jacaré é uma das 22 Unidades de Gestão de Recursos Hídricos (Ugrhis) do Estado de São Paulo. Um estudo desenvolvido de 2005 a 2007 detalhou as principais características dessa bacia hidrográfica, os usos do solo, a cobertura vegetal, as fontes pontuais e não-pontuais de eutrofização e contaminação e as vulnerabilidades da bacia, que conta com 34 municípios e uma população de 1.200.000 habitantes. A montagem de um banco de dados com as informações ecológicas, hidrológicas, climatológicas e econômicas possibilitou estabelecer um programa de planejamento e gestão baseado em vulnerabilidades da bacia hidrográfica, impactos das mudanças globais e futuras perspectivas para a gestão dos recursos hídricos. Um índice de qualidade da bacia hidrográfica foi desenvolvido com a finalidade de apoiar o planejamento de longo prazo e a gestão de águas superficiais e subterrâneas.

PDB-Metrics: a web tool for exploring the PDB contents

PDB-Metrics (http://sms.cbi.cnptia.embrapa.br/SMS/pdb_metrics/index.html) is a component of the Diamond STING suite of programs for the analysis of protein sequence, structure and function. It summarizes the characteristics of the collection of protein structure descriptions deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and provides a Web interface to search and browse the PDB, using a variety of alternative criteria. PDB-Metrics is a powerful tool for bioinformaticians to examine the data span in the PDB from several perspectives. Although other Web sites offer some similar resources to explore the PDB contents, PDB-Metrics is among those with the most complete set of such facilities, integrated into a single Web site. This program has been developed using SQLite, a C library that provides all the query facilities of a database management system

Development Environment for Automatic Generation of Clinical Data Acquisition System / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVE: This paper discusses the development environment that automatically generates software intended to execute arbitrarily defined functions. Software that we develop can be regarded as a kind of development environment or development platform, and its purpose is the automatic generation of the clinical data acquisition system that supports arbitrary clinical researches. METHODS: Basically, the clinical data acquisition system consists of the interface, the data storage and the clinical research protocols. Our development environment generates these components automatically according to the ontology written by the end user, e.g. a clinical researcher. A clinical data acquisition system is then generated. RESULTS: Our development environment consists of the interface generation module, the database generation module, the temporary data storage generation module for CDA (clinical document architecture), and the ontologies. Ontology is a method of expressing structured information and can be regarded as a knowledge base serialized by XML format. These ontologies are constructed by domain experts who want a clinical research support system. Ontology describes clinical data items, the interface design and the database schema of a clinical data acquisition system. The development environment parses these ontologies and secures the information on how to generate a clinical data acquisition system. CONCLUSION: This study can be utilized to develop the clinical data acquisition system in oriental medicine.

The application of multi-media technique in the control system of medico-scientific research records / 中华医院管理杂志

To change the old stereotype of using literal and data information for storage and ex- change in medico—scientific records and provide a new record version rich in word and picture,a gener- al model of multi—media control system of medical records and an information storage pattern have been developed and the feasibility of development methods explored.