RESUMO
La ingesta de flúor por períodos prolongados durante la formación del esmalte produce fluorósis dental. OBJETIVO: el objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar factores demográficos asociados a fluorósis dental en niños y adolescentes en el departamento de La Paz. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: el estudio es transversal analítico, los participantes fueron 1393 estudiantes que fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente para ello se tomaron en cuenta 36 unidades educativas de 7 regiones del departamento de La Paz. Se realizó un levantamiento epidemiológico aplicando el índice de Dean. RESULTADOS: la prevalencia de fluorósis dental fue del 13,6% (188), los más afectados fueron los adolescentes con un 10,7% (149), el sexo femenino tenía una prevalencia de 7,4% (103). Un 8% (112) de fluorósis dental se observó en el área rural. Según severidad, con 8 % (113) fue fluorósis discutible, muy leve 4% (51), leve 1,3% (18), moderada 0,4% (5) y severa se observó en un estudiante. Se observa una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p=0,000) entre edad y fluorósis dental. CONCLUSION: la fluorósis dental se considera como un problema estético y el controlarlo es una medida preventiva muy buena.
The ingestion of fluoride for prolonged periods during enamel formation produces dental fluorosis OBJETIVE: the objective of this study was to determine demographic factors associated with dental fluorosis in children and adolescents in the La Paz department. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the study is an analytical crosssectional study, the participants were 1393 students who were randomly selected from 36 educational units of 7 regions of the La Paz department. An epidemiological survey was carried out by applying the Dean index. RESULTS: the prevalence of dental fluorosis was 13.6% (188), the most affected were adolescents with 10.7% (149), and the female sex had a prevalence of 7.4% (103). Eight percent (112) of dental fluorosis was observed in rural areas. According to severity, with 8 % (113) was debatable fluorosis, very mild 4% (51), mild 1.3% (18), moderate 0.4% (5) and severe was observed in one student. A statistically significant association (p=0.000) was observed between age and dental fluorosis. CONCLUSION: dental fluorosis is considered an esthetic problem and controlling it is a very good preventive measure.
Assuntos
Fluorose DentáriaRESUMO
La fluoruración del agua potable comenzó a implementarse en Chile en la década de 1950 para prevenir el principal problema de salud oral en la población, la caries dental. Se ha aplicado sistemáticamente en el país, y en Temuco desde el año 2004. Sin embargo, la ingesta de fluoruros en periodos críticos del desarrollo dentario de manera excesiva produce fluorosis dental. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y severidad de la fluorosis dental en escolares de segundo básico que consumen agua potable fluorurada en la ciudad de Temuco, Chile y asociarla con la historia de caries. Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo y explicativo con un muestreo aleatorio estratificado de la población escolar de 7 años que cursaba segundo básico durante el año 2012 en colegios particulares, subvencionados y municipales de Temuco. Sobre una muestra de 317 niños, se determinó el índice Dean y la historia de caries. La prevalencia de fluorosis dental fue 53,31 por ciento (169 niños), y la severidad fue de tipo cuestionable, muy leve y leve en el 31,36 por ciento, 42,6 por ciento y 22,4 por ciento de los casos, respectivamente. El 3,5 por ciento fue moderado. No se observó asociación significativa entre fluorosis e historia de caries. En Temuco, la prevalencia de fluorosis dental en niños de 7 años es alta, con una severidad de tipo cuestionable, muy leve y leve en más del 50 por ciento de los casos. Luego de 8 años de implementar la fluoruración del agua potable, hubo una disminución del daño acumulado por caries, pero la fluorosis dental aumentó en la población.
Fluoridation of drinking water, began to be implemented in 1950's in Chile to prevent the main problem of oral health in the population, dental caries. It has been consistently applied in the country and Temuco city since 2004. However, intake of fluorides in critical periods of tooth development excessively produces dental fluorosis. The aim was to determine the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in elementary schoolchildren consuming fluoridated drinking water in the city of Temuco, Chile and its association with the history of dental caries. A descriptive and explanatory epidemiological study with a stratified random sample of 7-years schoolchildren of private, subsidized and municipal elementary schools in Temuco city was performed. On a sample of 317 children, Dean's index and history of caries was determined. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 53.31 percent (169 children), and severity rate was questionable, very mild and mild in 31.36 percent, 42.6 percent and 22.4 percent of cases, respectively. In 3.5 percent was moderate. No significant association between fluorosis and history of dental caries was observed. In Temuco, the prevalence of dental fluorosis in 7-years children is high, with severity of questionable, very mild and mild type in 50 percent of cases. After 8 years of implementing the fluoridation of drinking water, there was a decrease of dental caries damage but increased dental fluorosis in the population.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Água Potável , Fluorose Dentária/epidemiologia , Análise de Variância , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Índice CPO , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Objective:To compare the characteristics of Dean's index(DI) and tooth surface index of fluorosis(TSIF). Methods:416 inhabitants of 12, 15 and 35~44 years old were sampled randomly to receive epidemiological survey assessed by DI in fluorosis endemic areas of Xingtai City, Hebei Province. Then TSIF was used to investigate the 178 samples selected randomly from the 416 subjects. Two examiners(S/C) were trained by an experienced specialist of epidemiology(W) before investigation. SPSS 10.0 software and Excel database were used to analyze the data.Results:Weighted Kappa of theoretic calibration of DI and TSIF was ranging from 0.86 to 0.96. The results of TSIF were lower than DI in clinical calibration test. With the increase of the number of tooth surfaces concerned, strength of agreement declined, ranging from “very good” to “moderate”. Prevalence of fluorosis according to DI was lower than that accoding to TSIF.In 35-44 years old people difference of fluorosis prevalence calculating between DI and TSIF was almost 40%. The most probably reason for this phenomenon was that a person with “questionable” fluorosis wouldn't be calculated as a fluorosis patient. The proportion of “questionable” in 35-44 age group was the highest (40.3%). Conclusion:DI is suitable for large-scale epidemiology survey, and should be combined with community fluorosis index (CFI), while TSIF is suitable for esthetic study, especially for severe fluorosis patients.