Population-based study: breast cancer mortality trend in women in the state of Paraná from 2000 to 2017

Objective: Breast cancer is one of the main challenges in Brazilian public health due to the high associated mortality. Mortality has different patterns according to age group, usually increasing with age. The demographic stability in Paraná, with the growth of the elderly population, has a direct impact on the epidemiology of this disease. This study aimed to assess, on a population-based basis, the rates and trends of mortality from breast cancer among the age groups of women in the state of Paraná from 2000 to 2017. Methods: A statistical descriptive retrospective series study was carried out to analyze, on a population-based basis, the trend in breast cancer mortality rates among the age groups of women in the state of Paraná, from 2000 to 2017. The trend analysis of annual mortality rates was carried out through the software and simple linear regression models. Results: The population-based analysis showed that women aged 45­54 and 55­64 years had the highest number of deaths during the study period. However, when calculating the mortality rates by age group, it was observed that the mortality pattern increases proportionally to the longevity of the female population in the state. Trend analyses indicated an upward trend in mortality among women aged 25­34 years throughout the study period. The same trend was observed in women aged 35­44 years, but in a shorter period, from 2005 to 2017. Conclusion: Mortality rates, per 100,000 women, were directly proportional to age, increasing with age, indicative of greater mortality from the disease in elderly women. There was a trend of increasing mortality, with statistical significance, in the age groups from 25 to 34 and 35 to 44. The others were considered stable trends.

Mortalidade por transtornos mentais e comportamentais e a reforma psiquiátrica no Brasil contemporâneo / Mortalidad por los trastornos mentales y del comportamiento y la reforma psiquiátrica en el Brasil contemporáneo / La mortalité par trouble mental et comportemental et la réforme psychiatrique au Brésil contemporain / Death resulting from mental and behavioral disorders, and psychiatric reform in contemporary Brazil

A mortalidade por transtornos mentais e comportamentais têm aumentado no Brasil com a redução progressiva das internações hospitalares. A reforma psiquiátrica do governo aparentemente está contribuindo para este cenário preocupante, com sua política de desospitalização.

La mortalidad por trastornos mentales y del comportamiento ha aumentado en Brasil con la reducción gradual de las internaciones hospitalarias. La reforma psiquiátrica del gobierno aparentemente, está contribuyendo para ese escenario preocupante con su política de deshospitalización.

La mortalité par trouble mental et comportemental a augmenté au Brésil avec la réduction progressive des hospitalisations. La réforme psychiatrique du gouvernement contribue apparemment à ce cadre inquiétant, avec sa politique de deshospitalisation.

Death due to mental and behavioral disorders has increased in Brazil with the gradual reduction in the numbers of hospitalized mental patients. The federal government's psychiatric reform, based largely on closing down mental hospitals, is apparently contributing to this phenomenon.

A method for improving acute cumulative death rates in animals by intravenous administration / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To improve on the acute cumulative death rates method in animal by intravenous (iv) administration. METHODS: A mathematic model was established to simulate the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic process by the program written by Visual Basic.net. This program evaluated the acute cumulative death rates (ACD method) for use of pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). RESULTS: The ACD method related on its first dosage, and an unsuitable dosage could lead to a wrong results. It also had been proved that, by adjusting the 2nd dosage it was a more suitable to wider range of dosage. CONCLUSION: By suitable 2nd dosage and enough animal number, ACD method can be used in the pharmacokinetics of TCM.

A method based on cumulative toxicity for evaluating pharmacokinetics of oral traditional Chinese medicine in animals / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To improve the acute cumulative death rates method (ACD method) in animal by oral administration. METHODS: A mathematic model was established to evaluate the dose-toxic effect relationship by twice oral administration and the experimental steps were improved too. The methodological quality was explored using the simulation data from computer program and the real experimental date from the reference paper. RESULTS: The results showed that the experimental data could be fitted to its theoretical data from LD_5/2 to LD_ 95/2. Concentration-time curve after po ordinary powder of Semen Strychni in mice were fitted to a one-compartment with T_ 1/2(ka)= 1.136 h,T_ 1/2(ke)= 7.100 h,and T_ max= 3.576 h. CONCLUSION: The improved ACD method can be used in the pharmacokinetics of TCM by oral administration.