Comparison of long-term functional results between standard supracricoid laryngectomy and modified technique with sternohyoid muscle / Comparação de resultados funcionais a longo prazo entre laringectomia padrão supracricoide e técnica modificada com músculo esterno-hióideo

Abstract Introduction: Laryngeal cancer is the most common cancer of the upper respiratory tract. The main methods of treatment included surgery (partial laryngectomy and total laryngectomy) and radiation therapy. Laryngeal dysfunction is seen after both treatment modalities. Objective: The aim of the study is to compare postoperative functional results of the standard supracricoid partial laryngectomy technique and a modified supracricoid partial laryngectomy technique using the sternohyoid muscle. Methods: In total, 29 male patients (average years 58.20 ± 9.00 years; range 41-79 years) with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent supra cricoid partial laryngectomy were included. The patients were divided into two groups in terms of the surgical techniques. In Group A, all patients underwent standard supracricoid partial laryngectomy technique between January 2007 and November 2011. In Group B, all patients underwent modified supracricoid partial laryngectomy between August 2010 and November 2011. Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing test, short version of the voice handicap index scores, and the MD Anderson dysphagia inventory, the time of oral feeding and the decanulation of the patients after surgery of each groups were compared. Results: The mean maximum phonation time was 8.68 ± 4.21 s in Group A and 15.24 ± 6.16 s in Group B (p > 0.05). The S/Z (s/s) ratio was 1.23 ± 0.35 in Group A and 1.08 ± 0.26 in Group B (p > 0.05); the voice handicap index averages were 9.86 ± 4.77 in Group A and 12.42 ± 12.54 in Group B (p > 0.05); the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing test averages were calculated as 12.73 ± 3.08 in Group A and 13.64 ± 1.49 in Group B (p > 0.05). In the MD Anderson dysphagia inventory, evaluation of swallowing, the emotional, physical, and functional scores were 29.21 ± 4.11, 32.21 ± 6.85, and 20.14 ± 2.17 in the Group B, and 29.20 ± 2.54, 32.4 ± 4.79, and 19 ± 1.92 in Group A, respectively. Conclusion: Although there is no statistical difference in functional outcome comparisons, if rules are adhered to in preoperative patient selection, modified supracricoid partial laryngectomy can be applied safely and meaningful gains can be achieved in functional outcomes.

Resumo Introdução: O câncer laríngeo é o câncer mais comum do trato respiratório superior. Os principais métodos de tratamento incluem cirurgia (laringectomia parcial e laringectomia total) e radioterapia. A disfunção laríngea é observada em ambas as modalidades de tratamento. Objetivos: Comparar os resultados funcionais pós-operatórios da técnica de laringectomia padrão supracricoide e a técnica de laringectomia supracricoide modificada com o uso do músculo esterno-hióideo. Método: Foram incluídos 29 pacientes do sexo masculino (média de 58,20 ± 9,00 anos, intervalo de 41 a 79) com carcinoma espinocelular de laringe submetidos à laringectomia supracricoide parcial. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos em termos de técnicas cirúrgicas. Todos os pacientes do Grupo A foram submetidos à laringectomia padrão supracricoide entre janeiro de 2007 e novembro de 2011. No Grupo B, todos os pacientes foram submetidos à laringectomia supracricoide modificada entre agosto de 2010 e novembro de 2011. A avaliação endoscópica da deglutição por fibra ótica, os escores da versão curta do Voice Handicap Index e do MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory, o tempo de alimentação oral e a decanulação dos pacientes foram comparados após a cirurgia em cada grupo. Resultados: A média do tempo máximo de fonação foi de 8,68 ± 4,21 segundos no Grupo A e 15,24 ± 6,16 segundos no Grupo B (p > 0,05). A razão S/Z (seg/seg) foi de 1,23 ± 0,35 no Grupo A e 1,08 ± 0,26 no Grupo B (p > 0,05); as médias do Voice Handicap Index foram 9,86 ± 4,77 no Grupo A e 12,42 ± 12,54 no Grupo B (p > 0,05); as médias da avaliação endoscópica da deglutição por fibra ótica foram calculadas como 12,73 ± 3,08 no Grupo A e 13,64 ± 1,49 no Grupo B (p > 0,05). Na avaliação da deglutição pelo MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory, os escores emocional, físico e funcional foram 29,21 ± 4,11, 32,21 ± 6,85 e 20,14 ± 2,17 no Grupo B e 29,20 ± 2,54, 32,4 ± 4,79 e 19 ± 1,92 no Grupo A, respectivamente. Conclusão: Embora não haja diferença estatística nas comparações de resultados funcionais, se as regras forem respeitadas na seleção pré-operatória do paciente, a laringectomia supracricoide parcial modificada pode ser aplicada com segurança e ganhos significativos podem ser alcançados em termos de resultados funcionais.

Predictores de éxito después de la decanulación en pacientes adultos críticamente enfermos: un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo / Success predictors after decannulation in critically ill adult patients: a retrospective cohort study

Introducción: la traqueostomía es una práctica frecuente dentro de las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). El proceso de decanulación y el tiempo utilizado en ella resultan de interés clínico, mientras que los factores asociados al proceso y la dificultad en dicho proceso han sido poco estudiados. Objetivos: describir características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la población en estudio y su evolución desde el momento del ingreso en la UCI hasta el alta hospitalaria. Informar la incidencia de fallo de decanulación y analizar los factores de riesgo independientes asociados a la imposibilidad de esta. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectivo de pacientes internados en la UCI del Hospital Italiano de San Justo Agustín Rocca que requirieron traqueostomía durante su estadía. Utilizando la historia clínica informatizada se registraron variables epidemiológicas previas al ingreso en la UCI y datos evolutivos durante la internación. El período analizado fue desde el 5 de enero de 2016 hasta el 17 de diciembre de 2017. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística para la evaluación de potenciales predictores. Resultados: se reclutaron 50 pacientes, y todos fueron incluidos en el presente análisis. La edad promedio fue de 66 años (desvío estándar [DE] ± 15,5) y el 66% fueron hombres. El 42% fue decanulado durante el seguimiento. La incidencia en el fallo de decanulación fue del 4,77% (intervalo de confianza [IC] 95% 0,85-22,67). La mediana de tiempo hasta la decanulación desde la desvinculación de la asistencia ventilatoria fue de 17 días. En el análisis univariado hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en tipo de diagnóstico de ingreso en UCI y en el alta vivo hospitalaria al comparar pacientes decanulados versus no decanulados. En el análisis multivariado de regresión logística se halló el tipo de diagnóstico de ingreso en UCI como predictor independiente de imposibilidad de decanulación. Conclusiones: el motivo de ingreso clínico en UCI fue un factor predictor independiente asociado al fracaso de la decanulación y esto, posiblemente, está relacionado con la condición clínica y el estado general al ingreso, en comparación con los pacientes que ingresaron por causas quirúrgicas. No se hallaron comorbilidades ni antecedentes que se relacionen con el fracaso de la decanulación. (AU)

Introduction: the tracheostomy remains a very common surgical procedure done in the intensive care unit (ICU). The process of decannulation is of scientific interest with its associated factors not being sufficiently studied. Objectives: to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the population and their relationship to effective decanulation. To report the cumulative incidence of decannulation failure and success. To analyze independent risk factors associated with decannulation failure. Materials and methods: the present was a retrospective cohort of adult patients in the ICU at Hospital Italiano de San Justo who required tracheostomy during their in-hospital stay. Epidemiological variables were recorded before ICU admission and during their hospital stay using data from the electronic medical record. The inclusion period was 2 years long. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression models to compare the proportion of patients who could be decannulated versus those who could not. Results: 50 patients were enrolled in the present study. Their mean age was 66 (±15.5) years and 66% of patients were male. 21 patients (42%) achieved to be decannulated. The cumulative incidence of decannulation failure was 4.77% (95% CI: 0.85-22.87). Median time from weaning to decannulation was 17 days. In univariate analysis, statistically significant differences were found in ICU admission diagnosis (p<0.001) and hospital discharge alive (p<0.001) when comparing decannulated versus not decannulated patients. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, ICU admission diagnosis was found to be an independent predictor of decannulation failure (p<0.01). Conclusions: clinical ICU admission diagnosis was an independent predictor associated with decannulation failure. This could be related to differences in baseline morbidity and clinical condition of these patients compared with surgical patients. However, no individual morbidities or clinical conditions were found to be associated in decannulation failure. (AU)