The Spatial Accessibility of Women in Childbearing Age for Delivery Services in Gangwon-do / 보건행정학회지

BACKGROUND: This study purposed to analyze the spatial accessibility of women in childbearing age to the healthcare organizations (HCOs) providing delivery services in Gangwon-do. METHODS: Network analysis was applied to assess the spatial accessibility based on the travel time and road travel distance. Travel time and travel distance were measured between the location of HCOs and the centroid of the smallest administrative areas, eup, myeon, and dong in Gangwon-do. Korean Transport Database Center provided road network GIS (Geographic Information System) Database in 2015 and it was used to build the network dataset. Two types of network analysis, service area analysis and origin-destination (OD)-cost matrix analysis, applied to the created network dataset. Service area analysis defined all-accessible areas that are within a specified time, and OD-cost matrix analysis measured the least-cost paths from the HCOs to the centroids. The visualization of the number of the HCOs and the number of women in childbearing age on the Ganwon-do map and network analysis were performed with ArcGIS ver. 10.0 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA). RESULTS: Twenty HCOs were providing delivery services in Gangwon-do in 2016. Over 50% of the women in childbearing age were aged more than 35 years. Service area analysis found that 89.56% of Gangwon-do area took less than 60 minutes to reach any types of HCOs. For tertiary hospitals, about 74.37% of Gangwon-do area took more than 60 minutes. Except Wonju-si and Hoengseonggun, other regions took more than 60 minutes to reach the tertiary hospital. Especially, Goseong-gun, Donghae-si, Samcheok-si, Sokcho-si, Yanggu-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and Taebaek-si took more than 100 minutes to the tertiary hospital. CONCLUSION: This study provided that the accessibility toward the tertiary hospital was limited and it may cause problems in high-risk delivery patients such as over 35 years. Health policy makers will need to handle the obstetric accessibility issues in Gangwon-do.

The Spatial Accessibility of Women in Childbearing Age for Delivery Services in Gangwon-do / 보건행정학회지

BACKGROUND: This study purposed to analyze the spatial accessibility of women in childbearing age to the healthcare organizations (HCOs) providing delivery services in Gangwon-do. METHODS: Network analysis was applied to assess the spatial accessibility based on the travel time and road travel distance. Travel time and travel distance were measured between the location of HCOs and the centroid of the smallest administrative areas, eup, myeon, and dong in Gangwon-do. Korean Transport Database Center provided road network GIS (Geographic Information System) Database in 2015 and it was used to build the network dataset. Two types of network analysis, service area analysis and origin-destination (OD)-cost matrix analysis, applied to the created network dataset. Service area analysis defined all-accessible areas that are within a specified time, and OD-cost matrix analysis measured the least-cost paths from the HCOs to the centroids. The visualization of the number of the HCOs and the number of women in childbearing age on the Ganwon-do map and network analysis were performed with ArcGIS ver. 10.0 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA). RESULTS: Twenty HCOs were providing delivery services in Gangwon-do in 2016. Over 50% of the women in childbearing age were aged more than 35 years. Service area analysis found that 89.56% of Gangwon-do area took less than 60 minutes to reach any types of HCOs. For tertiary hospitals, about 74.37% of Gangwon-do area took more than 60 minutes. Except Wonju-si and Hoengseonggun, other regions took more than 60 minutes to reach the tertiary hospital. Especially, Goseong-gun, Donghae-si, Samcheok-si, Sokcho-si, Yanggu-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and Taebaek-si took more than 100 minutes to the tertiary hospital. CONCLUSION: This study provided that the accessibility toward the tertiary hospital was limited and it may cause problems in high-risk delivery patients such as over 35 years. Health policy makers will need to handle the obstetric accessibility issues in Gangwon-do.

Importância e desempenho dos serviços prestados pelas academias de ginástica: opinião dos clientes / Importancia y desempeño de los servicios prestados por los gimnasios: opinión de los clientes / Importantance and performance of the services provided by fitnesscenters: customers opinion

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o valor percebido dos clientes de academias de ginástica sobre a importância e o desempenho dos serviços. A amostra foi composta por 108 clientes e utilizou-se o questionário proposto por Calesco, Both e Soriano (2013). Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a estatística descritiva para determinar à média e o desvio padrão, teste Kolmogorov Smirnov, Prova U de Mann-Whitney e considerou-se um nível de significância de 95% (p<0,05). Os clientes tendem a manter o valor percebido elevado sobre a importância, independente do tempo de prática. Entretanto, quanto maior o número de academias já frequentadas mais critica a visão frente determinados indicadores. Em relação ao desempenho, os clientes tendem a atribuir conceitos inferiores conforme o aumento do tempo de pratica, e principalmente, quando apresentam experiência de prática em mais de uma academia...

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la percepción de los clientes de los gimnasios en cuanto a la importancia y al funcionamiento de los servicios. La muestra estuvo compuesta de 108 clientes y utilizó el cuestionario propuesto por Calesco, Both y Soriano (2013). El análisis de datos utilizó la estadística descriptiva para determinar la media y desviación estándar, el test de Kolmogorov Smirnov, la prueba de Mann-Whitney, y consideró un nivel de significación del 95% (p <0,05). Los clientes tienden a mantener un alto valor percibido sobre la importancia del tiempo de práctica independiente. Sin embargo, cuanto mayor sea el número de academias visitadas por el cliente, mayor es su visión crítica frente ciertos indicadores. En cuanto al rendimiento, los clientes tienden a atribuir conceptos menores al aumentar el tiempo de la práctica, y esto es frecuente cuando tienen experiencia práctica en más de un gimnasio...

The objective of the study was to evaluate the customers’ perception of gyms on the importance and performance of services. The sample consisted of 108 clients and used the questionnaire proposed by Calesco, Both and Soriano (2013). Data analysis used descriptive statistics to determine the mean and standard deviation, Kolmogorov Smirnov Test Mann-Whitney test and considered a significance level of 95% (p <0,05). Customers tend to maintain high perceived value on the importance of independentpractice time. However, the higher the number of academies have attended more critical vision forward certain indicators. Regarding performance, customers tend to attribute concepts lower with increasing time of practice, and especially when they have practical experience in more than a gym...

Utilization of Maternal and Child Health Services in Western Rural Nepal: A Cross-sectional Community-based Study.

Background: Considering the commitment and investment of Nepal to reduce maternal and child mortality, understanding service utilization and factors associated with a child and maternal health services is important. Objectives: This study was examined the factors associated with utilization of maternal and child health services in Kapilvastu District of Nepal. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010 by interviewing 190 mothers having children of aged 12-23 months using the standardized questionnaire. Results: Immunization status (97.4%) and vitamin A supplementation (98.4%) was high. However, initiation of breastfeeding within an hour of birth was low (45.3%) and 63.2% had practiced exclusive breastfeeding. Majority (69.5%) of respondents delivered their child at home and 39.5% sought assistance from health workers. The mothers who did not have any education, mothers from Dalit/Janjati and the Terai origin were less likely to deliver at the health facility and to seek the assistance of health workers during childbirth. Conclusion: The immunization program coverage was high, whereas maternal health service utilization remained poor. Interventions that focus on mothers from Dalit/Janjati group and with lower education are likely to increase utilization of maternal health services.