Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Training Program in A Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: An 8-Year Single-Center Experience in Argentina

ABSTRACT Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for temporary cardiopulmonary support is one of the most intense and technologically complex therapies offered in medicine. It is a high-risk procedure that requires specific knowledge and technical skills to perform it with good results. Objective: The main goal of this study is to describe our extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) training program based on the study of specialized nurses and physicians of a simulation teaching experience, conducted in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. The program was developed as a theoretical-practical course with final exam and annual maintenance training sessions, caring for ECMO patients, its implementation and results. Methods: A descriptive study for registered nurses, intensivists, and cardiac surgeons. A self-administered, anonymous, and voluntary survey was conducted to assess the long-term perception about the program. Demographic data to describe the population was required, and questions about satisfaction and confidence in acquired skills and competences were asked. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed; patient survival and complications were compared before and after ECMO program using chi-square test, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Twenty-four training courses were performed for 68 professionals. More than 88% of the professionals considered the course components to be adequate and complete; and 94% felt trained to manage the ECMO circuit. Most valued activities were workshops and clinical cases. Since the implementation of the training program, 88 patients were assisted, with a survival rate at discharge of 58%, higher than in the previous period (P=0.03). Conclusion: More than 80% of the professionals considered the workshops and simulations as the most useful components. Reliance on the circuit care was higher than in training problem scenarios. Since 2013 we assisted 88 patients on ECMO, with a survival rate at discharge of 58%, within international standards results.

Nomophobia and smartphone addiction: do the variables age and sex explain this relationship? / Nomofobia e dependência de smartphone: as variáveis idade e sexo explicam essa relação? / Nomofobia y dependencia de los smartphones: ¿las variables edad y sexo explican esta relación?

This study aimed to identify the extent nomophobia explains smartphone addiction, controlling for age and gender effects. Participants were 316 people from the 22 Brazilian states (Mage = 28.1 years), most from Paraíba (38.9%) and Piauí (16.5%), equally distributed between genders. They answered the Nomophobia Questionnaire, the Smartphone Addition Scale and demographic questions. The results demonstrate that the factors of the nomophobia measure explained smartphone addiction, indicating that more nomophobic behavior equates to increased smartphone addiction, especially in the younger participants, there was no difference regarding gender. These findings are discussed according to the literature on adherence to new technologies, revealing the current problem of smartphone addiction in young people. (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer em que medida a nomofobia explica a dependência de smartphone, controlando os efeitos de idade e sexo. Participaram 316 pessoas de 22 estados brasileiros (Midade = 28,1), a maioria da Paraíba (38,9%) e do Piauí (16,5%), distribuídas equitativamente entre os sexos. Estas responderam o Questionário de Nomofobia, a Escala de Adição ao Smartphone e perguntas demográficas. Os resultados foram de que os fatores da medida de nomofobia explicaram a dependência de smartphone, indicando que quanto mais as pessoas são nomofóbicas, mais elas dependem de smartphone, principalmente aquelas mais jovens, não havendo diferença quanto ao sexo. Esses achados foram discutidos de acordo com a literatura acerca da adesão a novas tecnologias, revelando o problema da dependência de smartphones para os jovens nos dias de hoje. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido conocer en qué medida la nomofobia explica la dependencia de smartphones, controlando los efectos de la edad y el sexo. Participaron 316 personas de 22 estados brasileños (Medad = 28.1), en su mayoría de Paraíba (38.9%) y Piauí (16.5%), distribuidos equitativamente entre los sexos. Estos respondieron al Nomophobia Questionnaire, a la Smartphone Addition Scale y a preguntas demográficas. Los resultados demuestran que los factores de la medida de nomofobia explican la adición a los smartphones, indicando que un comportamiento más nomofóbico equivale a una mayor adicción a los smartphones, especialmente en los más jóvenes, no existiendo diferencias en cuanto al género. Estos hallazgos han sido discutidos de acuerdo con la literatura sobre la adhesión a las nuevas tecnologías, revelando el problema actual de la adicción a los smartphones en los jóvenes. (AU)

Diagnóstico clínico integral de adultos mayores atendidos en Perú / Comprehensive clinical diagnosis of older adults attended in Peru

Introducción: Los adultos mayores constituyen el grupo poblacional más vulnerable y el menos favorecido por los sistemas de salud, transitan por un proceso de involución progresiva que puede repercutir en su salud; por tanto, se torna relevante el diagnóstico clínico oportuno y adecuado para identificar eventuales alteraciones. Objetivo: Establecer el diagnóstico clínico integral según sexo y edad de adultos mayores atendidos a nivel nacional en el Perú. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo, durante marzo y abril del 2021, en 60698 adultos mayores atendidos en todos los departamentos del Perú. La valoración física, funcional, mental y social de los adultos mayores se realizó mediante la Historia Clínica de Atención Integral de Salud del Adulto Mayor y se interpretó con su guía técnica. Se describieron frecuencias absolutas, relativas, intervalos de confianza para proporciones al 95% y el chi cuadrado de homogeneidad. Resultados: El 49,4% de adultos mayores estaban enfermos, de los cuales el 50,8% fueron mujeres y el 47,4% varones, el 50,0% tenían de 60 a 69 años, el 50,6% de 70 a 79 años y el 46,1% de 80 a más años. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el diagnóstico clínico integral por sexo y edad (p = 0,000). Discusión: Independientemente del número de participantes en todos los contextos estudiados, al menos una enfermedad crónica coexiste medianamente en los adultos mayores, sin ser determinante el lugar donde viven, pues el proceso de envejecimiento solo puede ser distinto en su velocidad de progresión y en las condiciones en que se presenta. Conclusión: Los adultos mayores en su mayoría estaban enfermos, fueron mujeres y tenían de 70 a 79 años, las diferencias por sexo y edad en el diagnóstico clínico integral fueron significativas. Las intervenciones en etapas previas contribuirían de manera importante en un envejecimiento saludable.

Introduction: Older adults are the most vulnerable population group and the least favored by health systems. They go through a process of progressive involution that can have health repercussions; therefore, timely and adequate clinical diagnosis becomes relevant to identify possible alterations. Objective: To establish a comprehensive clinical diagnosis according to sex and age of older adults attended nationally in Peru. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted between March and April 2021 on 60,698 older adults attended in all the departments of Peru. Physical, functional, mental, and social examination of the older adults was conducted using the Medical Record of Comprehensive Health Care for Older Adults, interpreted using its technical guide. Absolute and relative frequencies, 95% confidence intervals for proportions, and the chi-square test of homogeneity were described. Results:49.4% of older adults were ill, of which 50.8% were women and 47.4% were men; 50.0% were aged 60 to 69 years, 50.6% were aged 70 to 79 years, and 46.1% were aged 80 years and over. Statistically significant differences were found among comprehensive clinical diagnosis, sex, and age (p = 0.000). Discussion: Regardless of the number of participants in all the contexts studied, at least one chronic disease moderately coexists in older adults, without the place where they live being a determining factor, since the aging process can only be different in its speed of progression and in the conditions in which it occurs. Conclusions: Most of the older adults were ill, female, and aged 70 to 79 years; differences in sex and age in the comprehensive clinical diagnosis were significant. Interventions at earlier stages may contribute significantly to healthy aging.

Introdução: os idosos constituem o grupo populacional mais vulnerável e menos favorecido pelos sistemas de saúde, passam por um processo de involução progressiva que pode afetar sua saúde; portanto, o diagnóstico clínico oportuno e adequado torna-se relevante para identificar eventuais alterações. Objetivo: estabelecer o diagnóstico clínico integral segundo sexo e idade de idosos atendidos em nível nacional no Peru. Materiais e métodos: foi realizado um estudo descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo, durante março e abril de 2021, em 60.698 idosos atendidos em todos os departamentos do Peru. A avaliação física, funcional, mental e social dos idosos foi realizada por meio da História Clínica da Atenção Integral à Saúde do Idoso e foi interpretada com seu guia técnico. Foram descritas frequências absolutas e relativas, intervalos de confiança para proporções a 95% e o qui-quadrado de homogeneidade. Resultados: 49,4% dos idosos estavam doentes, sendo 50,8% mulheres e 47,4% homens, 50,0% tinham entre 60 e 69 anos, 50,6% tinham 70 a 79 anos e 46,1% de 80 a mais anos. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o diagnóstico clínico abrangente por sexo e idade (p = 0,000). Disussão: Independentemente do número de participantes em todos os contextos estudados, pelo menos uma doença crónica coexiste moderadamente em adultos mais velhos, independentemente do local onde vivem, uma vez que o processo de envelhecimento só pode diferir na sua velocidade de progressão e nas condições em que ocorre. Conclusão: os idosos eram em sua maioria doentes, eram mulheres e tinham de 70 a 79 anos, as diferenças por sexo e idade no diagnóstico clínico integral foram significativas. As intervenções em etapas anteriores contribuiriam significativamente para um envelhecimento saudável.

Análise do perfil sociodemográfico de pacientes atendidos pelo telemonitoramento durante a pandemia por COVID-19 / Análisis del perfil sociodemográfico de los pacientes asistidos por telemonitorización durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Analysis of the sociodemographic profile of patients assisted by telemonitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico de pacientes atendidos pelo telemonitoramento durante a pandemia por COVID-19. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo, março a dezembro de 2020, a partir da análise de banco de dados secundários de registros de pacientes atendidos por telemonitoramento durante a pandemia por COVID-19. Foi realizada estatística descritiva, teste t-student e qui-quadrado, para as associações entre as variáveis do perfil sociodemográfico. Resultados: Amostra de 1.368 usuários atendidos pelo telemonitoramento, 59,48% sexo feminino, média de idade 40,3 anos, tendo maior frequência de teleatendimentos no mês de novembro 237 (17,32%). Do total, 1.108 (91,12%) testaram negativo e 108 (8,88%) positivo; pacientes positivos apresentaram associação significativa (p<0,05) com sexo, doença crônica e contato com outro assintomático. Conclusão: O telemonitoramento planejado durante a pandemia apresentou-se como estratégia fundamental, na ausência do atendimento presencial, devido às recomendações de distanciamento e isolamento social(AU)

Objective: to characterize the sociodemographic profile of patients treated by telemonitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study, from March to December 2020, based on the analysis of secondary databases of patient records assisted by telemonitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics, t-student and chi-square tests were performed for the associations between the variables of the sociodemographic profile. Results: Sample of 1,368 users assisted by telemonitoring, 59.48% female, mean age 40.3 years, with a higher frequency of teleservices in November 237 (17.32%). Of the total, 1,108 (91.12%) tested negative and 108 (8.88%) tested positive; positive patients showed a significant association (p<0.05) with sex, chronic disease and contact with another asymptomatic patient. Conclusion: The telemonitoring planned during the pandemic was presented as a fundamental strategy, in the absence of face-to-face care, due to the recommendations of distancing and social isolation(AU)

Objetivo: caracterizar el perfil sociodemográfico de los pacientes atendidos por telemonitorización durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Este es un estudio transversal retrospectivo, de marzo a diciembre de 2020, basado en el análisis de bases de datos secundarias de registros de pacientes asistidos por telemonitoreo durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se realizaron pruebas descriptivas, t-student y chi-cuadrado para las asociaciones entre las variables del perfil sociodemográfico. Resultados: Muestra de 1.368 usuarios atendidos por telemonitorización, 59,48% del sexo femenino, edad media 40,3 años, con mayor frecuencia de teleservicios en noviembre 237 (17,32%). Del total, 1.108 (91,12%) dieron negativo y 108 (8,88%) dieron positivo; los pacientes positivos mostraron una asociación significativa (p<0,05) con el sexo, la enfermedad crónica y el contacto con otro paciente asintomático. Conclusión: El telemonitoreo planificado durante la pandemia se presentó como una estrategia fundamental, ante la falta de atención presencial, debido a las recomendaciones de distanciamiento y aislamiento social.(AU)

Estado nutricional según características demográficas de adultos mayores peruanos

RESUMEN Fundamento: la pirámide poblacional está presentando un engrosamiento en la cúspide, reflejando un incremento progresivo de adultos mayores en los últimos años, situación que debe llamar la atención de los diferentes sectores a fin de garantizar un envejecimiento saludable. Objetivo: determinar el estado nutricional según características demográficas de los adultos mayores atendidos en los establecimientos de salud del Perú. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo que se desarrolló durante julio y agosto del 2021, con 99 056 adultos mayores que fueron atendidos en todas las regiones del Perú. El estado nutricional y las características demográficas de los adultos mayores se obtuvieron de la plataforma nacional de datos abiertos del Ministerio de Salud del Perú. El análisis univariado se realizó mediante frecuencias absolutas y relativas e intervalos de confianza para proporciones al 95 % y para el análisis bivariado se utilizó la U de Mann-Whitney y la H de Kruskal-Wallis, con una significancia estadística de p < 0,05. Resultados el 54,3 % de adultos mayores presentaron un estado nutricional normal, de los cuales el 49,9 % fueron mujeres y el 61,2 % varones, el 50,1 % tenían de 60 a 69 años, el 56,7 % de 70 a 79 años y el 59,3 % de 80 años o más, el estado nutricional según sexo y edad presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,000). Conclusión: más de la mitad de los adultos mayores tuvieron un estado nutricional normal, siendo más marcado en varones y en los de 80 años o más, estas diferencias fueron significativas a nivel estadístico.

ABSTRACT Background: the population pyramid is presenting a thickening at the top, reflecting a progressive increase in older adults in recent years, a situation that should draw the attention of the different sectors in order to guarantee healthy aging. Objective: to determine the nutritional status according to the demographic characteristics of older adults cared for in health facilities in Peru. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study, it was developed during July and August 2021, with 99,056 older adults who were treated in all regions of Peru. The nutritional status and demographic characteristics of older adults were obtained from the national open data platform of the Peruvian Ministry of Health. Univariate analysis was performed using absolute and relative frequencies and confidence intervals for proportions at 95 %, and Mann-Whitney U and Kruskall-Wallis H were used for bivariate analysis, with a statistical significance of p < 0.05. Results: the 54.3 % of older adults had a normal nutritional status, of which 49.9 % were women and 61.2 % men, 50.1 % were between 60 and 69 years old, 56.7 % % from 70 to 79 years old and 59.3 % from 80 years old and over, the nutritional status according to sex and age presented statistically significant differences (p = 0.000). Conclusion: more than half of older adults had a normal nutritional status, being more marked in men and in those 80 years of age or older, these differences were statistically significant.

Factores antropológicos socio-demográficos en la incidencia de lepra

Introducción: La conexión entre la lepra y los factores sociales, tienen implicación tanto para el paciente, como para la operatividad de los programas de control de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Caracterizar factores antropológicos socio-demográficos en la incidencia de lepra en el municipio Camagüey. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal retrospectivo. El universo lo conformaron los pacientes con diagnósticos de lepra incluidos en el periodo que abarcó el estudio y pertenecientes al municipio Camagüey. Las variables estudiadas fueron: formas clínicas según clasificación sanitaria, edad, sexo, área de salud, procedencia geográfica (rural o urbana), ingreso económico familiar e índice de hacinamiento. La información obtenida fue procesada mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS v21. Los métodos empleados fueron estadística descriptiva de distribución de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Los resultados del estudio se expusieron en tablas y gráficos. Resultados: La lepra multibacilar fue la de mayor incidencia, predominó el grupo de edad entre los 20 y 59 años, el sexo masculino fue el más afectado, el mayor por ciento de casos se observó en las áreas de salud Norte y Previsora, más de las cuatro quintas parte de los pacientes pertenecían a la zona urbana, la mayoría de ellos tenían un ingreso económico familiar malo y predominó el índice sin hacinamiento. Conclusiones: Se hace necesario profundizar en el estudio de los factores antropológicos sociales que pudieran favorecer la adquisición de esta enfermedad.

Introduction: The connection between leprosy and social factors has implications both for the patient and for the operation of the control programs for this disease. Objective: To characterize socio-demographic anthropological factors in the incidence of leprosy in the Camagüey municipality. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted. The universe was made up of patients diagnosed with leprosy included in the period covered by the study and belonging to the municipality of Camagüey. The variables studied were: clinical forms according to health classification, age, sex, health area, geographical origin (rural or urban), family economic income and overcrowding index. The information obtained was processed using the statistical package SPSS v21. The methods used were descriptive statistics of absolute and relative frequency distribution. The results of the study were presented in tables and graphs. Results: Multibacillary leprosy was the one with the highest incidence, the age group between 20 and 59 years old prevailed, with a predominance of males, the highest percentage of cases was observed in the North and Previsory health areas, more than four fifths parts of the patients belonged to urban areas, most of them had a poor family income and the index without overcrowding prevailed. Conclusions: It is necessary to deepen the study of the social anthropological factors that could favor the acquisition of this disease.

Trends in the incidence of colorectal cancer in Greater Cuiabá, Mato Grosso (Brazil), from 2000 to 2016 / Tendência da incidência de câncer colorretal na Grande Cuiabá, Mato Grosso (Brasil), de 2000 a 2016

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the temporal incidence trend of colorectal cancer (CRC), according to sex and age, in the Greater Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 2000 to 2016. Methods: Ecological time series study, with cases of CRC (C18 to C21) diagnosed from 2000 to 2016, of residents of the Greater Cuiabá (Cuiabá and Várzea Grande), in Mato Grosso. The information on the cases was obtained from the Population-Based Cancer Registry and population data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The rates were adjusted by world population. The age groups considered ranged from 30 to 39 years, 40 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years, 60 to 69 years, 70 to 79 years and 80 years and older. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the trend of incidence. Results: A total of 1,715 cases of CRC were registered with information on sex and age, with an adjusted rate of 16.4 new cases/100,000 men and 16.1 new cases/100,000 women. Men presented trend of increasing incidence rates in the age group of 70 to 79 years, with increase of 4.0% per year, while women presented trend of increase in the age group 50 to 59 years, with increase of 2.7% per year. Conclusion: Older men showed a more significant trend towards an increase in the incidence of CRC, but in women this occurred in a younger age group, highlighting the importance of considering age related information in the analyzes of occurrence of the disease in this population.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal da incidência do câncer colorretal (CCR) segundo sexo e faixa etária, na Grande Cuiabá, Mato Grosso (Brasil), de 2000 a 2016. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais, com casos de CCR (C18 a C21) diagnosticados de 2000 a 2016 em residentes da Grande Cuiabá (Cuiabá e Várzea Grande), em Mato Grosso. As informações dos casos foram provenientes do Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional e os dados populacionais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. As taxas foram ajustadas pela população mundial. Consideraram-se as faixas etárias de 30 a 39 anos, 40 a 49 anos, 50 a 59 anos, 60 a 69 anos, 70 a 79 anos e 80 anos ou mais. Para análise da tendência temporal da incidência, empregou-se a regressão por joinpoint. Resultados: Foram registrados 1.715 casos de CCR com informação de sexo e idade, com taxa ajustada de 16,4 casos novos/100 mil homens e 16,1 casos novos/100 mil mulheres. Os homens apresentaram tendência temporal de aumento das taxas de incidência na faixa etária de 70 a 79 anos, com acréscimo de 4,0% ao ano, e as mulheres apresentaram tendência temporal de aumento na faixa etária de 50 a 59 anos, com acréscimo de 2,7% ao ano. Conclusão: Os homens mais velhos apresentaram tendência temporal de aumento da incidência de CCR de forma mais expressiva, porém nas mulheres isso ocorreu em faixa etária mais jovem, ressaltando a importância de considerar a informação sobre a idade nas análises sobre a ocorrência da doença nessa população.

Epidemiological features of meningiomas: a single Brazilian center's experience with 993 cases / Características epidemiológicas de meningiomas: experiência de um centro único brasileiro com 993 casos

ABSTRACT Background: Meningiomas are the most frequent primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Their geographical and ethnic characteristics need to be known, in order to enable rational treatment. Objective: To investigate clinical and epidemiological aspects in a series of patients with meningiomas. Methods: Retrospective analysis on the demographic profile, location and histopathology of 993 patients with meningiomas (768 operated and 225 not operated). Results: Meningiomas represented 43.8% of the primary CNS tumors; 6.8% were multiple tumors (14.7% with neurofibromatosis 2) and 0.6% were radiation-induced tumors. The mean ages were 53.0 and 63.9 years for operated and non-operated patients and the female/male ratios were 3.2:1 and 6.3:1. Diagnosis was made later among females. The peak incidences were in the 6th and 7th decades respectively for operated and non-operated patients. The incidence was low at early ages and higher among patients aged 70+ years. The meningiomas were intracranial in 96.5% and most were WHO grade I (88.9%) and transitional. In the spinal canal (3.5%), they occurred mainly in the dorsal region (all grade I; mostly transitional). The racial distribution was 1.0% in Asian-Brazilians, 87% in Caucasians and 12% in African-Brazilians. 83.4% and 51.6% of the patients were estimated to be recurrence-free at 10 and 20 years, and the mortality rate was 3%. Conclusions: Most of the demographic data were similar to what has been observed in other western centers. Differences were higher incidence of meningiomas, female and older predominance in non-operated patients, predominance in Caucasian, and higher association with neurofibromatosis 2.

RESUMO Antecedentes: Meningiomas são os tumores mais frequentes do sistema nervoso central (SNC). Suas características étnicas e geográficas precisam ser conhecidas para o seu tratamento racional. Objetivo: Investigar aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de uma série de pacientes com meningiomas. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva demográfica de 993 pacientes com meningiomas (768 operados e 225 tratados conservadoramente) Resultados: Meningiomas constituíram 43.8% dos tumores primários do SNC. 0.8% deles eram múltiplos (14,7% com neurofibromatose 2) e 0,6% eram radioinduzidos. A idade média e o índice mulheres/homens foram respectivamente 53,0 e 63,9 anos e 3.2:1 e 6.3:1 para pacientes operados e não operados. O diagnóstico foi mais tardio em mulheres. Ocorreram picos de incidências na 6ª e na 7ª décadas respectivamente para pacientes operados e não operados. A incidência foi menor na infância e maior após 70 anos. Meningiomas predominaram no crânio (96.5%), a maioria grau I da OMS, subtipo transicional. Do total, 3.5% ocorreram no canal raquídeo, principalmente na região torácica, todos grau I, a maioria transicional. Em relação à distribuição racial, 1.0% dos meningiomas ocorreu em amarelos, 87% em brancos e 12% em negros. As taxas de sobrevida sem recorrência foram 83.4% e 51.6% em 10 e 20 anos e a mortalidade operatória foi 3%. Conclusões: A maioria dos dados demográficos observados foi similar aos de outros centros ocidentais. As diferenças observadas foram maior incidência, predominância em mulheres e idosos nos pacientes não operados e em caucasianos, e maior associação com neurofibromatose 2.

Aspectos demográficos, clínico-epidemiológicos y geoespaciales de la COVID-19 en Santiago de Cuba / Demographic, clinical-epidemiological and geospatial aspects of COVID-19 in Santiago de Cuba

RESUMEN Fundamento: Santiago de Cuba al igual que el resto de las provincias cubanas, fue afectada por la COVID-19, aunque es de los territorios con menor incidencia de la enfermedad. Objetivo: describir los aspectos demográficos, clínico-epidemiológicos y geoespaciales de la COVID-19 en Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico en los niveles individual y poblacional. En el nivel individual, la población de estudio se integró por los 49 casos de COVID-19 de la provincia. Se estimó la frecuencia y distribución de casos, así como las pruebas de hipótesis para descubrir las diferencias entre estas. Para analizar el aspecto geoespacial se empleó como dato de área, el número de casos por territorio y como unidades de agregación de la información, los datos georreferenciados de la totalidad de consejos populares en que se encuentra dividida la provincia. Se realizó el análisis exploratorio de los datos espaciales, se estimó la autocorrelación espacial por consejos populares, por medio del índice global I de Moran y se visualizó la formación de conglomerados mediante el estadístico local G* de Getis-Ord. Resultados: se obtuvieron la frecuencia y distribución de las características demográficas, clínicas-epidemiológicas y la formación de agrupaciones espaciales por consejos populares según el número de casos de COVID-19 y su significación. Conclusiones: el municipio Santiago de Cuba marcó las diferencias a nivel poblacional en la epidemia de esta provincia. En cambio, a nivel individual se apreciaron diferencias entre los casos confirmados en algunos aspectos demográficos, no así en los clínicos ni epidemiológicos.

ABSTRACT Background: Santiago de Cuba, like the rest of the Cuban provinces, was affected by COVID-19, although it is one of the territories with the lowest incidence of the disease. Objective: to describe the demographic, clinical-epidemiological and geospatial aspects of COVID-19 in Santiago de Cuba. Methods: an analytical observational study was carried out at the individual and population levels. At the individual level, the 49 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the province are used as the study population. The frequency and distribution of cases were estimated, as well as hypothesis tests, with a 5% significance, to discover the differences between them. To analyze the geospatial aspect, the geo-referenced data from all the popular councils into which the province is divided were used as area data, the number of cases by territory and as aggregation units of the information. The exploratory analysis of the spatial data was performed, the spatial autocorrelation was estimated by popular councils, using the Moran global index I, and the formation of clusters was visualized using the local G* statistic from Getis-Ord. Results: the frequency and distribution of the demographic, clinical and epidemiological characteristics were obtained, as well as the formation of spatial groupings by popular councils according to the number of COVID-19 cases and their significance. Conclusions: the municipality of Santiago de Cuba marked the differences at the population level in the epidemic of this province. On the other hand, at an individual level, differences were observed between the confirmed cases in some demographic aspects, but not in the clinical or epidemiological ones.

Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de covid-19 em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil / Epidemiological profile of COVID-19 cases in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil / Perfil epidemiológico de casos del COVID-19 en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil

A covid-19 já causou milhares de mortes pelo mundo e ainda preocupa as autoridades sanitárias devido a sua alta infectividade e transmissibilidade. Trata-se, portanto, de uma emergência de saúde pública mundial. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o perfil epidemiológico de casos de covid-19 no município de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, nos primeiros quatros meses de pandemia. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, retrospectivo, descritivo. A partir de uma abordagem quantitativa, foram analisados os dados secundários das notificações de covid-19 no município mencionado. O período analisado foi o de março a junho de 2020. Foram confirmados 34.692 casos da doença, com maior número de registros em adultos com idades entre 20 e 49 anos (77,3%), do sexo feminino (53,7%). Por outro lado, o número de casos em crianças e adolescentes foi menor (4,4%). O distrito sanitário Barra/Rio Vermelho, região com os melhores indicadores socioeconômicos da cidade, apresentou o maior número de casos notificados. As doenças cardíacas (10,4%) e o diabetes mellitus (7,8%) foram as patologias pregressas mais relatadas entre as pessoas infectadas. Conclui-se que a cidade de Salvador (BA) se apresentou como uma região com forte tendência de aumento dos casos e, consequentemente, propensa ao agravamento da doença, o que impõe a necessidade de elaboração de estratégias públicas para a diminuição de propagação do vírus SARS-CoV-2.

Responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic remains a concern for health authorities due to its high infectivity and transmissibility, thus constituting a global public health emergency. This study sought to describe the epidemiological profile of COVID-19 cases in the municipality of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil in the first four months of the pandemic. Using a quantitative approach, this epidemiological, retrospective, descriptive study analyzed secondary data from COVID-19 notifications recorded between March and June 2020 in the respective city. The period analyzed was March to June 2020. Results show 34,692 confirmed cases, with high prevalence of adults (77.3%) aged 20 to 49 years old, women (53.7%), and a small number of cases in children and adolescents (4.4%). The Barra/Rio Vermelho sanitary district, region with the best socioeconomic indicators, had the highest number of reported cases. Heart disease (10.4%) and diabetes mellitus (7.8%) were the most reported past pathologies among the infected. In conclusion, the city of Salvador showed a propensity to increase the number of cases and, consequently, was prone to the worsening of the disease, which imposes the need to develop public strategies to reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

El COVID-19 ya ha causado numerosas muertes en todo el mundo y todavía preocupa a las autoridades sanitarias por su alta infectividad y transmisibilidad. Es, por tanto, una emergencia de salud pública mundial. El objetivo de este artículo es describir el perfil epidemiológico de los casos del COVID-19 en el municipio de Salvador, Bahía (Brasil), en los primeros cuatro meses del inicio de la pandemia. Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico, de abordaje descriptivo, retrospectivo. A partir de un enfoque cuantitativo, se analizaron datos secundarios reportados del COVID-19 en la ciudad de Salvador. El período analizado fue de marzo a junio de 2020. Se confirmaron 34.692 casos de la enfermedad, con mayor número de registros en adultos con edades entre 20 y 49 años (77,3%), y mujeres (53,7%). Se observó un menor número de casos entre niños y adolescentes (4,4%). El distrito de salud de Barra / Rio Vermelho, a pesar de tener los mejores indicadores socioeconómicos de la ciudad, tuvo el mayor número de casos reportados. Las enfermedades cardíacas (10,4%) y la diabetes mellitus (7,8%) fueron las patologías precedentes más notificadas entre los infectados. Se concluye que la ciudad de Salvador se presentó como una región con fuerte tendencia al aumento de casos y, en consecuencia, a la severidad de la enfermedad, lo que muestra la necesidad de implementar estrategias públicas para reducir la propagación del virus SARS-CoV-2.

Vascular surgery in the most populous state in the Amazon: socio-professional profile and aspirations of the specialty / A cirurgia vascular no estado mais populoso da Amazônia: perfil socioprofissional e anseios da especialidade

Abstract Background There is a dearth of studies conducted to understand the socio-professional profile of the vascular surgery specialty and the population demands of specific regions, which are needed to support creation of care policies and direct infrastructure improvements in healthcare. Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe the socio-professional profile of vascular surgeons in the state of Pará, Brazil, to guide creation of tools for professional improvement. Methods A cross-sectional, self-report survey was conducted in Pará using a questionnaire comprising 30 questions covering six main topics. Results All vascular surgeons actively practicing in the state participated in this study. The total number of specialists was 59, with 71.2% working in the greater Belém area and 16.9% exclusively practicing in the interior of the state. The mean age of these professionals was 48 ± 11.1 years, 86.4% of respondents were men, 64.4% of surgeons had completed medical residency, and 96.6% (n=57) of the surgeons would like to improve their skills in venous surgery, echo-guided vascular access, and endovascular surgery. The method of professional improvement of greatest interest was simulation courses (hands-on), endorsed by 93% of the participants. Conclusions Pará has 59 vascular surgeons. These professionals mainly work in the greater Belém (71.2%), in hospitals (100%) or in private clinics or offices (94.9%), performing a wide range of procedures, including venous and arterial surgery, amputations, and provision of hemodialysis access. More than 90% of these surgeons were satisfied professionally and reported that they would choose the specialty again. However, 22% had a pessimistic view of the specialty's future. The vast majority of professionals (96.6%) consider that training or a continuing education program are necessary.

Resumo Contexto Há uma falta de estudos necessários para entender o perfil socioprofissional da especialidade e as demandas específicas da população de uma região específica, a fim de subsidiar a criação de políticas assistenciais e a melhoria na infraestrutura da assistência à saúde. Objetivos O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil socioprofissional de cirurgiões vasculares no Pará para orientar a criação de ferramentas de melhoria profissional. Métodos Foi realizado um levantamento transversal no Pará utilizando um questionário com 30 questões que envolvia seis temas principais. Resultados Todos os cirurgiões vasculares ativos participaram deste estudo. O número total de especialistas foi de 59, dos quais 71,2% trabalhavam na grande Belém e 16,9% exclusivamente no interior do estado. A idade média dos profissionais foi de 48 ± 11,1 anos, e 86,4% dos entrevistados eram homens. Além disso, 64,4% dos cirurgiões haviam completado a residência médica, e 96,6% (n = 57) deles gostariam de ter melhorias em cirurgia venosa, acesso vascular ecoguiado e cirurgia endovascular. As áreas de maior interesse para melhorias são cursos de simulação (práticos), com 93% dos participantes interessados. Conclusões O Pará tem 59 cirurgiões vasculares, os quais trabalham principalmente na grande Belém (71,2%) em hospitais (100%) ou em clínicas privadas ou consultórios (94,9%) e realizam uma ampla gama de procedimentos, incluindo cirurgias venosas e arteriais, amputações e acessos para hemodiálise. Mais de 90% dos cirurgiões estavam satisfeitos e relataram que escolheriam a especialidade novamente; entretanto, 22% tinham uma visão pessimista do futuro da especialidade. A grande maioria dos profissionais (96,6%) considera a necessidade de qualificação ou de um programa de educação continuada.

Avaliação de pacientes com hepatite autoimune atendidos em ambulatório de referência do sul do Brasil / Evaluation of patients with autoimmune hepatitis in a specialized outpatient clinic in southern brazil

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease, characterized by necroinflammation and autoimmune etiology. Studies evaluating the characteristics of patients with AIH are scarce in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the profile of patients with AIH in a specialized center in Southern Brazil and to verify factors related to treatment response. METHODS: this was a retrospective cohort study, which analyzed demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and histologic data. Patients with AIH diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) were included. In liver biopsies, the degree of fibrosis, histological activity, presence of hepatocyte rosettes, plasma cell infiltrates, and confluent necrosis were evaluated. In the statistical analysis, the significance level was 5%. RESULTS: Forty adults patients diagnosed with AIH were included. The evaluated population predominantly consisted of women (75.0%) and the average age at diagnosis was 44.2 years. The association with extrahepatic autoimmune diseases occurred in 20.0% of cases. Clinically, 35.0% of patients presented with acute onset hepatitis, 37.5% with cirrhosis, and 27.5% with other forms of presentation. The most common clinical manifestation was jaundice (47.5%). Thirty-five patients were treated, and of these, 97.1% used prednisone combined with azathioprine. The average treatment time was 2.7 years. Response to treatment was complete or partial in 30 (85.7%) and absent in 5 (14.3%) patients. There was no statistically significant difference when evaluating response to treatment in relation to forms of presentation, histological findings, and the presence of autoantibodies. Regarding fibrosis, regression was observed in 18.75% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Most patients with AIH were young at presentation and of female sex. The association with extrahepatic autoimmune diseases and cirrhosis at presentation was seen in a considerable proportion of patients. Treatment was effective, but there were no clinical, histological or serological parameters capable of predicting treatment response.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A hepatite autoimune (HAI) é uma doença hepática crônica, de caráter necroinflamatório e etiologia autoimune. Os estudos que avaliam as características de pacientes com HAI são escassos no Brasil. OBJETIVO: Nosso objetivo foi avaliar o perfil dos pacientes com HAI atendidos em um centro de referência do sul do Brasil e verificar fatores relacionados à resposta ao tratamento. MÉTODOS: Este foi um estudo de coorte retrospectivo, que analisou dados demográficos, epidemiológicos e clínicos. Nas biópsias hepáticas, foram avaliados o grau de fibrose, a atividade histológica, a presença de rosetas, de infiltrado plasmocitário e de necrose confluente. Na análise estatística, o nível de significância foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 40 pacientes adultos com diagnóstico de HAI. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino (75,0%), e a média de idade no diagnóstico foi de 44,2 anos. A associação com doenças autoimunes extra-hepáticas ocorreu em 20,0% dos casos. Clinicamente, 35,0% dos pacientes se apresentaram sob forma de hepatite aguda, 37,5% com cirrose e 27,5% com outras formas de apresentação. A manifestação clínica mais comum na apresentação foi a icterícia (47,5%). Trinta e cinco pacientes foram tratados, sendo que destes, 97,1% utilizaram prednisona associada com azatioprina. A média do tempo de tratamento foi 2,7 anos. A resposta ao tratamento foi completa ou parcial em 30 (85,7%) e ausente em 5 (14,3%) pacientes. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa quando avaliada a resposta ao tratamento em relação à forma de apresentação, aos achados histológicos e à presença de autoanticorpos. Em relação à fibrose, foi observada regressão em 18,75% dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos pacientes era jovem no momento do diagnóstico e do sexo feminino. A associação com doenças autoimunes extra-hepáticas e com cirrose na apresentação foi vista em uma parcela considerável dos casos. O tratamento foi eficaz, mas não houve parâmetros clínicos, histológicos ou sorológicos capazes de prever a resposta ao tratamento.

Manejo da síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers no contexto de recursos limitados / Peutz-jeghers syndrome in resource-limited scenario

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disease, caused by deletions in the chromosome 19p33.3/ gene LKB1/STK11. These mutations inactivate a serine/threonine kinase and predispose to carcinogenesis. In PJS, tumors of the gastrointestinal, testicles, pulmonary, breast, pancreas, uterus and ovaries can be found. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate demographics, clinical presentation and complication/outcomes of pediatric patients presenting with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), as well as to present and discuss management in the context of limited resources. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of a cohort of six patients, who were diagnosed and/or followed at the Clinics Hospital, University of Campinas - Sao Paulo/Brazil, between 2000 and 2018. Data analyzed included gender, age of presentation, age of diagnosis, family history, PJS complications. RESULTS: Median age of diagnosis of 6.7 years, with a mean time of follow-up of 8.1 years. Mucocutaneous pigmentation was universally present. Half of the patients had a known family history at the time of diagnosis. On follow up, intestinal intussusception was documented in four out of six patients, in most (three), in different locations and in multiple occasions. The active investigation of siblings and parents of the index case led to the diagnosis of three first-degree relatives in the present case series. CONCLUSION: In this first pediatric PJS Brazilian case series, we report a wide spectrum of PJS manifestations and complications. In a resource limited scenario, despite limitations for the surveillance of complications, the relative frequency of complications was not higher than historically reported.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers (SPJ) é uma doença autossômica dominante rara, causada por deleções no cromossomo 19p33.3/gene LKB1/STK11. Essas mutações inativam uma serina/treonina quinase e predispõem à carcinogênese. Na SPJ, podem ser encontrados tumores do trato gastrointestinal, testicular, pulmonar, de mama, de pâncreas, de útero e de ovários. OBJETIVO: Avaliar dados demográficos, apresentação clínica e complicações de pacientes pediátricos que se apresentam com SPJ, além de apresentar e discutir o manejo no contexto de recursos limitados. MÉTODOS: Realizamos uma revisão retrospectiva de prontuários de uma coorte de seis pacientes, diagnosticados e/ou acompanhados no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de Campinas - São Paulo, Brasil, entre 2000 e 2018. Os dados analisados incluíram sexo, idade de apresentação, idade do diagnóstico, história familiar, complicações da SPJ. RESULTADOS: Idade média de diagnóstico de 6,7 anos, com tempo médio de seguimento de 8,1 anos. A pigmentação mucocutânea estava universalmente presente. Metade dos pacientes tinha um histórico familiar conhecido no momento do diagnóstico. Intussuscepção intestinal foi observada em quatro dos seis pacientes durante o período de acompanhamento, sendo que em três ocorreram vários episódios em diferentes múltiplas localizações. A investigação ativa de irmãos e pais do caso-índice levou ao diagnóstico de três parentes de primeiro grau na presente série de casos. CONCLUSÃO: Nesta primeira série de casos brasileiros de SPJ pediátrica, relatamos um amplo espectro de manifestações e complicações da SPJ. Em um contexto de recursos limitados, apesar das limitações para a vigilância de complicações, a frequência relativa de complicações não foi maior do que o relatado historicamente.

Prevalência e fatores associados ao supercrescimento bacteriano do intestino delgado em pacientes com doença de Crohn: estudo retrospectivo em um centro de referência / Prevalence and factors associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with crohns disease: a retrospective study at a referral center

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) appears to be common in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The rate of SIBO has been estimated at 25%-88% in this setting. However, different demographic, socioeconomic, and disease-related factors may exist between South American and North American or European populations that may limit the generalization of these findings, as the data are mainly derived from North American or European studies. OBJECTIVE: We studied the prevalence and predictors of SIBO in CD outpatients. METHODS: In this retrospective study, between June 2011 and June 2016, the medical records of 110 CD patients were assessed for presence of SIBO using the H2/CH4 glucose breath test. Univariate analysis was performed to investigate the potential association between SIBO and demographic, disease-related data, systemic markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate). RESULTS: The SIBO rate was high in CD patients (30%). Patients with and without SIBO were comparable according to demographics, systemic inflammatory biomarkers, and disease characteristics, except to the stricturing phenotype more common in the SIBO-positive CD patients (48.5% vs 19.5%, P=0.001). CONCLUSION: In Brazilian CD patients, SIBO is a highly prevalent condition. Stricturing phenotype demonstrated association with SIBO. An individualized screening plan followed by the timely treatment for SIBO should be carried out as part of quality of care improvement in CD individuals.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: O supercrescimento bacteriano de intestino delgado (SBID) parece ser comum em pacientes com doença de Crohn (DC). A taxa de SBID tem sido estimada entre 25-88% neste cenário. Entretanto, diferenças demográficas, socioeconômicas e dos fatores relacionados à doença podem existir entre as populações da América do Sul e da América do Norte ou europeias que podem limitar a generalização destes achados, uma vez que os dados são derivados principalmente de estudos norte-americanos ou europeus. OBJETIVO: Estudar a prevalência e os preditores de SBID em pacientes ambulatoriais com DC. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo retrospectivo os registros médicos de 110 pacientes com DC que haviam sido submetidos ao teste respiratório do hidrogênio e metano expirados para o diagnóstico de SBID, entre junho de 2011 e junho de 2016, foram avaliados. Análise univariada foi realizada para investigar a potencial associação entre SBID com os dados demográficos, relacionados à DC e marcadores sistêmicos de inflamação (proteína C-reativa e velocidade de hemossedimentação). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de SBID foi elevada em pacientes com DC (30%). Os pacientes com e sem SBID foram comparáveis de acordo com os dados demográficos e de biomarcadores de inflamação sistêmica, bem como das características da DC, exceto pelo fenótipo estenosante, mais comum nos pacientes com DC e SBID (48,5% vs 19,5%, P=0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes brasileiros com DC, SBID é uma condição altamente prevalente. O fenótipo estenosante demonstrou associação com o SBID. O planejamento de um screening individualizado seguido por tratamento apropriado para SBID deve ser incluído como parte da melhoria na qualidade de cuidados a ser oferecida para os pacientes com DC.

A Study of Estimation and Analysis of Anti HBs Titre in Adolescent Children in Corrleation with Socio Demographic Profile

Introduction: Viruses are the most common causative agents of hepatitis today and infect many millions of individuals annually. Viral hepatitis encompasses several diseases and represents a global health problem. It induces major morbidity and mortality and places enormous demands on economic and medical resources.Aim of the Study:Analysis of Anti Hbs Titre in Unimmunised Adolescent Children in Correlation with Socio-Demographic Profile.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai from April 2017 to March 2018.Vaccinated and unvaccinated (for Hepatitis B vaccine) adolescents between the age group of 10-19 years, who attended the department of Pediatrics, were included in this study.160 adolescents who were vaccinated with Hepatitis B vaccine and 160 adolescents who were unvaccinated with Hepatitis B vaccine in the age group of 10-19 years. A total of 320 adolescents were included in the study. The correlation was done between two group based on socio-demographic data.Results:Among the mothers, 10.93% (35) were illiterates, 25.62% (82) had finished primary school. 33.44% (107) and 21.56%(69) had done middle school and higher secondary school (HSS) respectively. 8.45% (27) were graduates.In the study it was found that 7.19% (23) of fathers were illiterates, 23.44% (75) had stopped with primary school and 18.43%(59) with middle school. 34.69% (111) have done HSS and 16.25% (52) were graduates.Of total adolescents who participated in 25.63% (82) were from rural areas and 74.37% (238) were from urban areas.Among participants, 49.37% (158) belong to lower and 30.63% (98) belonged to lower middle class. The middle class andthe upper middle class had 9.06%(29) and 10.94% (35) respectively.Conclusion: The findings of the present study show the need for catch up vaccination among the adolescent's population, who missed their routine immunization with Hepatitis B vaccine. For health care professionals, this study is a evidence that stresses more about theimportance of providing Hepatitis B vaccination among adolescents.

Sonographic nomogram of paediatric renal size in Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM)

@#Introduction: A person’s childhood is an important period of growth, and also one’s most vulnerable, as one can be exposed to various pathologies, for example those that could affect the growth of one’s kidney. Asians are physiologically different from Caucasians, and the nomogram renal size obtained from a Western population (mostly of Caucasians) is not be suitable for representing Asian children. As such a nomogram on paediatric renal size derived from Malaysia is needed. Methods: A total of 109 (64 males and 45 females) aged 0-12 in Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM) took part in this study. They underwent ultrasonography of both kidneys, and their demographic and anthropometric data were collected. The mean and standard deviations of the renal length and renal volume according to their age groups was calculated, and the final data was compared to the ones reported by Rosenbaum et al. (1984). Result: Body weight and Body Surface Area (BSA) of the children reported the strongest correlation with renal size. Significant differences were found between local and the data from Rosenbaum et al (1984). A nomogram on paediatric renal size based on children in PPUKM was then created. Discussion: Ultrasonography is regarded as the standard method for determining renal size. Body weight and BSA were both strongly correlated with renal size. It was shown that the widely used nomograms derived from data obtained from Caucasian was not suitable to represent the population of Malaysian children.

Saúde bucal e qualidade de vida de gestantes: a influência de fatores sociais e demográficos / Oral health and quality of life of pregnant women: the influence of sociodemographic factors

Resumo Este estudo buscou avaliar a relação entre fatores sociodemográficos e o impacto na Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde Bucal (QVRSB), em gestantes brasileiras usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico observacional transversal, desenvolvido com gestantes residentes em duas regiões com características sociodemográficas distintas. Foram entrevistadas 1.777 puérperas. Um questionário estruturado e previamente testado coletou as variáveis sociodemográficas e o Oral Health Index Profile (OHIP-14) avaliou o impacto na QVRSB. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste Qui-quadrado e a regressão logística múltipla, ambos com significância de 5%. A dimensão "desconforto psicológico" foi a única com diferença entre as puérperas da RMGV e MRSM (p=0,042). Associou-se ao impacto na QVRSB as variáveis: residir na RMGV (OR=1,69; IC95%: 1,16-2,47); ter pouca escolaridade (OR=1,80; IC95%: 1,03-3,18) e realizar consulta odontológica durante a gestação (OR=2,15; IC95%: 1,50-3,07). Os fatores sociodemográficos devem ser considerados no planejamento das ações em saúde bucal das gestantes, pois influenciam no impacto na QVRSB.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic factors and the impact on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHR-QoL) in Brazilian pregnant women users of the Unified Health System. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study developed with pregnant women living in two regions with different sociodemographic characteristics. In total, 1,777 puerperae were interviewed. A structured and previously tested questionnaire collected sociodemographic variables, and the Oral Health Index Profile (OHIP-14) assessed the impact on the OHR-QoL. The statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression, both with a significance of 5%. The "psychological discomfort" realm was the only one with a difference between the puerperae of the RMGV and the MRSM (p=0.042). The following variables were associated with the impact on the OHR-QoL: residing in the RMGV (OR=1.69; 95%CI: 1.16-2.47); having a low level of schooling (OR=1.80; 95%CI: 1.03-3.18) and visit to the dentist during pregnancy (OR=2.15, 95%CI: 1.50-3.07). Sociodemographic factors should be considered in the planning of oral health actions of pregnant women, as they influence the impact on the OHR-QoL.

The Profile of the Brazilian Cardiologist - A Sample of Members of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology / O Perfil do Cardiologista Brasileiro - Uma Amostra de Sócios da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia

Abstract Background: Data from the international literature have shown changes in the profile of cardiologists and in their medical practices. However, there is no data on this in Brazilian cardiologists. Objective: To evaluate professional and personal characteristics of a sample of Brazilian cardiologists. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study; a questionnaire was sent by e-mail to cardiologists, active members of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology in 2017. The results were analyzed, and the level of significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The questionnaire was sent to 13,462 cardiologists, with 2,101 (15.6%) respondents, mostly men (71.8% versus 28.2%). Age distribution and marital status were significantly different between the sexes (p < 0.001). The number of cardiologists without children was higher among women (40.5% versus 16.1%; p < 0.001). The most common place of work was the public hospital (46.5%), followed by private hospital (28.5%) and private office (21.1%). The office was the main place of work for 23.9% of men and 14% of women (p < 0.001), with predominance of individuals older than 50 years (31.7% versus 10.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). Most cardiologists (64.2%) worked more than 40 hours a week (69% of them men and 51.9% of the women; p < 0.001). Eighty-eight percent of the sample earned more than BRL 11,000 (US$ 3,473.43), and 66.5% of the men earned more than BRL 20,000 (US$ 6,315.32) per month, versus 31.2% of the women (p < 0.001). A high level of work-related stress was reported by 11.3% of respondents. Conclusion: Most cardiologists were men, who showed higher workload and higher income; 11.3% of the cardiologists perceived stress as a great deal.

Resumo Fundamento: Dados internacionais mostram mudanças no perfil e nas características da atuação dos cardiologistas. No entanto, não há na literatura dados acerca da realidade brasileira. Objetivo: Avaliar as características profissionais e pessoais de amostra de cardiologistas brasileiros. Método: Estudo transversal realizado por meio de questionário enviado via e-mail para os cardiologistas adimplentes da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia em 2017. Os resultados foram analisados considerando nível de significância de p < 0,05. Resultados: Foram enviados 13.462 questionários, havendo 2.101 (15,6%) respostas, com predominância de homens (71,8% versus 28,2%). A distribuição etária e o estado civil foram significativamente diferentes entre os gêneros (p < 0,001). O número de cardiologistas sem filhos foi maior entre as mulheres (40,5% versus 16,1%; p < 0,001). O local de trabalho mais frequente foi hospital público (46,5%), seguido por hospital privado (28,5%) e consultório privado (21,1%). O consultório é a principal atividade de 23,9% dos homens e 14% das mulheres (p < 0,001), predominantemente entre aqueles com mais de 50 anos (31,7% versus 10,1%, respectivamente; p < 0,001). A maioria (64,2%) trabalha mais de 40 horas semanais (69% dos homens e 51,9% das mulheres; p < 0,001). A renda mensal de 88% é superior a R$ 11.000 (US$ 3,473.43), e 66,5% dos homens recebem mais que R$ 20.000,00 (US$ 6,315.32) mensais, contra 31,2% das mulheres (p < 0,001). Nível elevado de estresse foi relatado por 11,3%. Conclusões: Os homens são maioria entre os cardiologistas, têm maior carga de trabalho e renda superior à das mulheres. A taxa de estresse em grande proporção foi de 11,3%.

Assessment of P values for demographic data in randomized controlled trials / 대한마취과학회지

In a large number of randomized controlled trials, researchers provide P values for demographic data, which are commonly reported in table 1 of the article for the purpose of emphasizing the lack of differences between or among groups. As such, the authors intend to demonstrate that statistically insignificant P values in the demographic data confirm that group randomization was adequately performed. However, statistically insignificant P values do not necessarily reflect successful randomization. It is more important to rigorously establish a plan for statistical analysis during the design and planning stage of the study, and to consider whether any of the variables included in the demographic data could potentially affect the research results. If a researcher rigorously designed and planned a study, and performed it accordingly, the conclusions drawn from the results would not be influenced by P values, regardless of whether they were significant. In contrasts, imbalanced variables could affect the results after variance controlling, even though whole study process are well planned and executed. In this situation, the researcher can provide results with both the initial method and a second stage of analysis including such variables. Otherwise, for brief conclusions, it would be pointless to report P values in a table simply listing baseline data of the participants.

Quality of life in schizophrenic patients: the influence of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and satisfaction with social support / Qualidade de vida nas pessoas com esquizofrenia: a influência das características sociodemográficas e clínicas e da satisfação com o suporte social

Abstract Objective To evaluate the relationship of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and satisfaction with social support with the quality of life of schizophrenic patients. Methodology This study included a sample of 268 participants. An interview was conducted to obtain sociodemographic and clinical data, supplemented with two assessment tools used to evaluate quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument-Abbreviated version - WHOQOL-Bref) and satisfaction with social support (Social Support Satisfaction Scale - SSSS). Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. Results Most individuals were male (63.4%), with a mean age of 45.4 years, single (85.4%), living with their family (62.3%) and unemployed (90.3%). As for clinical characteristics, most had the disease for less than 20 years (50.7%), and 55.6% had at least one hospitalization within the last 5 years. Being employed and having had no hospitalization within the last 5 years were positively correlated with one or more WHOQOL-Bref domains. The results of the variables intimacy (p<0.001) and satisfaction with friends (p<0.001) were independently related to the total WHOQOL-Bref score. Conclusion Having a job, having had no hospitalization within the last 5 years and having greater satisfaction with social support are factors that positively influence quality of life among schizophrenics. It is therefore crucial that the psychosocial rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia take these factors into account, increasing the support network, preventing relapses and promoting occupational activities.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a relação entre as características sociodemográficas e clínicas e a satisfação com o suporte social com a qualidade de vida dos doentes com esquizofrenia. Métodos A amostra do estudo é de 268 participantes. Foi realizada uma entrevista para obter os dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e aplicados dois questionários para avaliar a qualidade de vida (World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument-Abbreviated version - WHOQOL-Bref) e a satisfação com o suporte social (Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social - ESSS). Foram efetuadas análises descritivas e inferenciais. Resultados A maioria dos indivíduos era do gênero masculino (63,4%), com uma média de idade de 45,4 anos, solteiros (85,4%), vivendo com a família (62,3%) e desempregados (90,3%). Relativamente às características clínicas, 50,7% tinham a doença há menos de 20 anos, e 55,6% estiveram internados pelo menos uma vez nos últimos 5 anos. Os resultados demonstraram que estar empregado e não ter sido internado nos últimos 5 anos estão positivamente relacionados com um ou mais domínios da WHOQOL-Bref. A satisfação com a intimidade (p<0,001) e a satisfação com os amigos (p<0,001) foram independentemente associados ao escore total da WHOQOL-Bref. Conclusão Ter emprego, não ter hospitalizações nos últimos 5 anos e estar satisfeito com o suporte social são fatores que influenciam positivamente a qualidade de vida dos doentes com esquizofrenia. Por conseguinte, é crucial que esses fatores sejam levados em conta nos programas de reabilitação com o suporte social, aumentando a rede de suporte, evitando recaídas e promovendo atividades ocupacionais.