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@#Introduction: Aedes albopictus is known for its aggressiveness towards human and recently expanded to more countries outside the native regions. Thus, the demographic parameters of Aedes albopictus are important to determine the characteristics of this species mosquitoes in terms of the reproduction rates and dispersal distance. Materials and Methods: This study, was performed using a Shah Alam strain of Aedes albopictus originally collected in twenty district areas of the central zone of Shah Alam. This research applies field work-study with a cross-sectional design to investigate the demographic parameters of Aedes albopictus. The demographic evaluation of Aedes albopictus was conducted under the control environment in insectarium. Results: Investigation on the demographic parameters of Aedes albopictus clearly showed that there is a significance different observed in the total number of mosquito eggs produced in both high and low incidence rate IR areas (p=0.03). In contrast, other parameters showed insignificant value between high and low IR areas. Conclusion: The key to control the mosquito vectors population is by tracking the vector’s life cycle including its survival. Therefore, the outcome of this study may provide as a baseline to estimate the dengue outbreak in the current episystem.
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Background: By 2025, India due to its immense population size and high diabetes prevalence will contribute about 57 million diabetics. Hence the aim of the present study was clinical presentations of diabetes in children attending the paediatric ward in the medical institute.Methods: Total of 50 cases were included in the study. All the children who were less than age of 18years and also diagnosed with diabetes that is fasting blood sugar >126mg/dl or random blood sugar level > 200 mg/dl were included in the study. A detailed clinical examination of the child was carried out with detailed anthropometric measurements. Metabolic profile was done by investigating for the following. Fasting blood sugar, post prandial blood sugar, glycoslated haemoglobin.Results: The various ranges of fasting blood sugar were as follows: 25% were in the range of 130-200mg/dl, 35% in 200-300 mg/dl, 25% in 300-400mg/dl and 15% had more than 400 mg/dl fasting blood sugar levels. The various ranges of post prandial blood sugar were as follows: 16% were in the range of 200 - 300mg/dl, 40% in 300-400mg/dl, 44% had more than 400 mg/dl post prandial blood sugar levels. In the present study lipid profile of all the children was analysed by their serum cholesterol and triglycerides.Conclusions: A total of 50 diabetic children of age less than 18 years attending medical Hospital were studied using a predesigned and pretested proforma. Information was collected on socio-demographic, dietary intake, treatment and compliance history. Detailed clinical examination done and anthropometric measurements were taken. Metabolic profile was done by investigating for blood sugar levels, glycoslated haemoglobin and lipid profile. In the present study 46% had onset of diabetes mellitus at 15 to 18 years age group with male to female ratio of 1.26:1.
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The Brown Booby, Sula Leucogaster, is one of the most common species of marine birds of the Brazilian coast and, in spite of being a viable subject for long-term studies, in Brazil there are scarce demographic descriptions of this species obtained from observations made in sets of consecutive years. This paper presents breeding information collected in monthly samples taken in the Moleques do Sul Island, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, during a five year period. The main island was divided into three different study areas, in which adult censuses were conducted, along with counts of number of nests, eggs, chicks and incubating adults. No significant change was found in these numbers during the sampled years and the breeding season extended over the entire year, with a peak production of eggs and chicks from August to November. The flatter areas II and I were preferentially used, where a higher number of nests with two eggs were found. A certain number of individuals abandoned the colony outside the breeding season during some of the sampled years, which may be related to an alternation between abandonment and permanence, non-exclusive phenomena possibly associated with food availability and favorable environmental conditions. The long term knowledge of the demographic patterns and of occupation parameters of this Brown Bobby colony is essential for the conservation of the species and its habitats.
O atobá-pardo, Sula Leucogaster, é uma das espécies mais comuns de aves marinhas do litoral brasileiro e, apesar de passível a ser objeto de estudos de longo-termo, no Brasil há escassas descrições de aspectos da demografia da espécie obtidas a partir de observações realizadas em conjuntos de anos consecutivos. O presente trabalho fornece informações sobre sua reprodução coletadas em amostragens mensais realizadas na Ilha Moleques do Sul, Florianópolis, SC, em um período de cinco anos. A ilha foi subdividida em três diferentes áreas de estudo, onde foram realizados censos de adultos e contagem do número de ninhos, ovos, filhotes e adultos incubando. Verificou-se que não houve alteração significativa dos números nos anos amostrados, com a temporada reprodutiva se estendendo ao longo de todo ano e pico de postura de agosto a novembro. As áreas II e I, mais planas, foram utilizadas preferencialmente e encontrou-se maior número de ninhos com dois ovos. Houve abandono da colônia por certo número de indivíduos fora do período reprodutivo em alguns dos anos amostrados, o que pode estar relacionado a uma alternância entre abandono e permanência, fenômenos não excludentes possivelmente associados à disponibilidade de alimento e condições ambientais favoráveis. A população do atobá-pardo que nidifica na Ilha Moleques do Sul está em equilíbrio, não sofrendo alterações no contingente reprodutivo ao longo dos anos. O conhecimento dos padrões demográficos e de ocupação da colônia a longo termo é essencial para a conservação das espécies e habitats envolvidos.