Clínicas Integradas em Odontologia, desafios, oportunidades e perspectivas: uma revisão de literatura

As clínicas integradas em Odontologia constituem em um desafio para o ensino superior na formação do profissional, que deverá aprender a tratar as condições orofaciais de seu paciente de forma diferenciada no futuro próximo, aliando cada vez mais a Odontologia e as novas tecnologias. Objetivou-se com este estudo de revisão discutida entender o conceito de clínica integrada e suas perspectivas em consonância com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico sistematizado nos bancos de dados eletrônicos: Lilacs, PubMed e Scielo. Os termos em português e inglês "Educação em Odontologia" (Dental Education), "Clínicas Odontológicas" (Dental Clinics), "Graduação" (Undergraduate Program), "Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde" (delivery of health care, integrated) e "Currículo" (Curriculum) foram utilizados como palavras-chave. Foram eleitos 23 artigos para esta revisão e extraídas as ideias principais dos textos tendo como base as metodologias utilizadas e os principais resultados. Os autores foram unânimes em ressaltar que as clínicas integradas em Odontologia exercem influência na formação e no preparo do egresso generalista através do treinamento sobre um planejamento global, inter e multidisciplinar como pilar essencial para um currículo integrativo e inovador.

ntegrated clinics in Dentistry present a challenge for higher education in the training of professionals, who must adapt their approach to treating orofacial conditions in the near future, increasingly incorporating Dentistry and new technologies. This review study aimed to comprehend the concept of integrated clinics and its alignment with the National Curricular Guidelines. A systematic bibliographic survey was conducted in the following electronic databases: Lilacs, PubMed, and Scielo. The search employed keywords in both Portuguese and English, including "Education in Dentistry" (Dental Education), "Dental Clinics", "Graduation" (undergraduate program), "Integrated Provision of Health Care" (delivery of health care, integrated), and "Curriculum." Approximately 23 articles were selected for this review, and the primary ideas within the texts were extracted based on the employed methodologies and the principal results. The authors unanimously emphasized that integrated dentistry clinics significantly impact the training and preparation of generalist graduates. This influence stems from emphasizing global, inter, and multidisciplinary planning as an indispensable foundation for an integrative and innovative curriculum.

Satisfacción del usuario en la atención odontológica comunitaria en Reynosa, Tamaulipas / User ́s satisfaction of community dental care in Reynosa,Tamaulipas

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de satisfacción en la atención recibida por los usuarios de la Clínica Odontológica de la Universidad México Americana del Norte (CO-UMAN) Allende. Material y método: El estudio fue descriptivo, observacional, transversal y prospectivo; se aplicó una encuesta de opinión a 200 pacientes, seleccionados mediante muestreo por conveniencia en 2019, sobre la estructura, proceso y resultados de la atención; así como bio-demográficos de cada paciente. Resultados: Predominaron pacientes con edades entre 21 y 60 años (71%), mujeres (63%), casados(as) (45%), empleados(as)/amas de casa (57%) y baja frecuencia de enfermedades concomitantes (10%). A mayor edad hubo mayor frecuencia de enfermedades concomitantes (r=0.26; p<0.05) y satisfacción en el servicio (r=0.26; p<0.05); con otras enfermedades concomitantes la satisfacción del paciente fue menor (r=-0.39; p<0.05). Los pacientes indican que hay más satisfacción (de 2.6 a 5.4 veces) al recibir un servicio adecuado o mejor. La satisfacción del paciente y la calidad de la atención de la clínica se asoció positivamente (p<0.05) con los trámites sencillos, trato por parte del odontólogo; confianza en la calidad de los servicios recibidos; relación costo/beneficio; puntualidad en la atención y efectividad del tratamiento odontológico recibido. Los coeficientes canónicos estandarizados indicaron mayor contribución en la satisfacción del usuario: las instalaciones e infraestructura de la clínica (0.479); atención del personal y proceso administrativo (0.543); atención del odontólogo (0.700); confianza en la atención y percepción del servicio recibido (0.660) y pobre relación con edad (0.078), género (0.030), estado civil (-0.040) y ocupación del paciente (0.065). Conclusión: No obstante que la cantidad y calidad del servicio de la CO-UMAN se ha incrementado y mejorado sustantivamente, es necesario desarrollar un plan de mejora continua para alcanzar estándares de calidad total.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the level of satisfaction in the care received by the users of the Dental Clinic of the Universidad México Americana del Norte (DC-UMAN) Allende. Material and method: The study was descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and prospective. In 2019, an opinion survey on the structure, proceedings, and results of the care, as well as bio-demographics of each patient was applied to 200 patients selected by convenience sampling. Results: Patients aged between 21 and 60 years (71%), women (63%), married (45%), employees/housewives (57%) and a low frequency of concomitant diseases (10%) predominated. At an older age, there was a higher frequency of concomitant diseases (r=0.26; p<0.05) and satisfaction in the service (r=0.26; p<0.05); with other concomitant diseases, patient satisfaction was lower (r=-0.39; p<0.05). Patients indicated that there is more satisfaction (from 2.6 to 5.4 times) when receiving an adequate or better service. Patient satisfaction and the quality of clinic care were positively associated (p<0.05) with simple procedures, treatment by the dentist, confidence in the quality of the services received, cost-benefit ratio, punctuality in the care and effectiveness of the dental treatment received. The standardized canonical coefficients indicated a greater contribution to user satisfaction from the facilities and infrastructure of the clinic (0.479), staff attention and administrative process (0.543), dental care (0.700), trust in care and perception of the service received (0.660) and poor relationship with age (0.078), gender (0.030), marital status (-0.040), and occupation (0.065) of the patient. Conclusion: Although the quantity and quality of the DC-UMAN service has increased and improved substantially, it is necessary to develop a continuous improvement plan to achieve total quality standards.

Patient care in the restorative clinic of a public dental school after COVID-19 lockdown

Aim: This study, with the aim of checking some of the changes in patients' daily habits and their reasons for needing restorative treatment was conducted at a public university immediately on return to attendance after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Methods: This survey consisted of interviews held by applying 2 questionnaires to students and patients. A single researcher collected data in all the restorative dentistry clinics at the university after the return to face-to-face activities in the period between 02/02/2021 and 07/30/2021. Data obtained by means of the questionnaires were submitted to descriptive analysis. Results: Ninety (90) participants answered the patient questionnaire. When considering possible associations between being in social isolation or not, significant values were found for changed type of diet (p=0.0011), frequency of eating (p=0.011) and toothbrushing (p=0.034). Data about 417 restorations were collected and among the reasons for restorative intervention, 33.03% were restoration replacement, 31.87% treatment of primary caries and 24.40% of dental wear/non-carious lesions. Conclusion: Patients who isolated themselves during the pandemic tended to change their eating habits and frequency of oral hygiene. Toothache was the main reason for seeking dental treatment and the replacement of pre-existing restorations was the main reason for restorative treatments

A clínica em odontologia: nexos e desconexões com a clínica ampliada de saúde bucal / The clinic in dentistry: connections and disconnections with the expanded clinical practice of oral health

Resumo Este trabalho visou compreender a representação que a clínica assume nas práticas odontológicas, em um município de médio porte do estado de Santa Catarina. Estudo qualitativo, cujos participantes foram 20 cirurgiões-dentistas vinculados aos serviços públicos de saúde bucal. Os dados foram coletados por meio de três grupos focais. O material gravado por áudio foi transcrito e analisado pela hermenêutica-dialética. Na primeira categoria de análise - concepção sobre clínica -, os participantes demonstraram dificuldade para formular um conceito para a clínica, traduzindo-a como o desenvolvimento de procedimentos técnicos, entendidos como essenciais neste tipo de prática para os dentistas. Integralidade e resolubilidade apareceram como elementos centrais, mas assumem uma visão odontocentrada. Na categoria "recursos e organização da clínica odontológica", observou-se as vantagens da utilização do prontuário eletrônico e as limitações da divisão de abas que restringe o acesso de informações. Na sistemática de atendimento, há pouco espaço para escuta e o odontograma desponta como sinônimo de plano de tratamento, reforçando o caráter dentarizado das práticas desenvolvidas. O estudo mostrou dificuldades diversas para incorporação da clínica, seja ela compreendida nos moldes tradicionais ou de maneira ampliada, nas práticas desenvolvidas pelos participantes do estudo.

Abstract This article aimed to understand the representation that the clinic assumes in dental practices, in a medium-sized municipality in the state of Santa Catarina. It is a qualitative study, whose participants were dental surgeons linked to public oral health services. Data were collected with three focus groups. The audio-recorded material was transcribed and analyzed with the help of the dialectical hermeneutics. In the first category of analysis - clinic conception -, the participants demonstrated difficulty in formulating a concept for the clinic, translating it as the development of technical procedures, understood as being central to this type of practice for dentists. Integrality and resolvability appeared as central elements, but assume a dentistry-centered view. In the category "resources and organization of the dental clinic," the advantages of using the electronic medical records and the limitations of tab division that narrow the access to information were observed. In treatment systematics, there is little room for listening and the odontogram emerges as a synonym for treatment plan, reinforcing the tooth-focused character of the practices developed. The study showed diversified challenges to incorporating the clinic, whether understood in the traditional molds or in a broader way, in the practices developed by the study participants.

Prevalence of premature loss of deciduous teeth and its relationship with gender among children from Acapulco, Guerrero: a cross-sectional study / Prevalencia de pérdida prematura de dientes deciduos y su relación con el género en niños de Acapulco, Guerrero: estudio transversal

Abstract Background: Premature loss of deciduous teeth is the exfoliation or extraction before physiological replacement with < 50% or < 75% of the root of the substitute tooth formed or if there is > 1 mm of alveolar bone covering the permanent successor tooth organ. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of premature tooth loss in children and identify associated factors in a health center in Acapulco, Guerrero. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in which we collected information from 109 clinical records of children examined from January 2019 to August 2021. Sociodemographic data of the children and parents were collected: socioeconomic level, non-pathological personal history, and the history of premature deciduous tooth loss. Multivariate analysis to identify factors associated with premature deciduous tooth loss was performed with CIETmap statistical software. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association. Results: The prevalence of premature loss of primary teeth was 40% (43/109). The leading cause was caries (84%, 36/43). The tooth organ with the highest loss occurrence was the lower right second molar (33%, 14/43). Gender was identified as an associated factor, with males having a higher risk of loss (ORa = 2.97; CI95% = 1.33-6.65). Conclusions: Our results were similar to those reported in other studies. Strategies aimed at health promotion directed at parents and children should be reinforced.

Resumen Introducción: Se considera como pérdida prematura de dientes deciduos a la exfoliación o extracción antes del recambio fisiológico con < 50% o < 75% de la raíz del diente sustituto formado, o si existe > 1 mm de hueso alveolar cubriendo al órgano dentario sucesor permanente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la prevalencia de pérdida prematura dental en niños e identificar factores asociados en un centro de salud de Acapulco, Guerrero. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en el que se recopiló información de 109 expedientes clínicos de niños atendidos de enero de 2019 a agosto de 2021. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos de los niños y los padres: nivel socioeconómico, antecedentes personales no patológicos y el antecedente de la pérdida prematura del diente deciduo. Se realizó un análisis multivariado para identificar factores asociados con la pérdida prematura de dientes deciduos con el software estadístico CIETmap. Se calcularon la razón de momios (OR) y el intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95% para estimar el grado de la asociación. Resultados: La prevalencia de pérdida prematura de dientes primarios fue del 40% (43/109). La principal causa fue por caries (84%, 36/43). El órgano dentario con más ocurrencia de pérdida fue el segundo molar inferior derecho (33%, 14/43). Se identificó el sexo como factor asociado, y se observó que el sexo masculino presenta mayor riesgo de pérdida (ORa = 2.97; IC95% = 1.33-6.65). Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados fueron similares a lo reportado en otros estudios. Deben reforzarse las estrategias de promoción de la salud dirigidas a los padres de familia y a sus hijos.

Avaliação do perfil dos pacientes e procedimentos realizados por liga cirúrgica acadêmica / Evaluación del perfil de pacientes y procedimientos realizados por una liga quirúrgica académica / Profile assessment of patients and procedures performed by academic surgical league

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar e relacionar as informações sobre o perfil sociodemográfico, condição de saúde geral dos pacientes e os procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados pela Liga Acadêmica de Cirurgia na Clínica Odontológica da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, descritiva e quantitativa, realizada por meio de uma análise dos prontuários odontológicos no período entre 2016 e 2018. Os dados coletados foram tabulados e a análise estatística foi realizada no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Foram analisados 336 prontuários e o sexo feminino representou 66,4% da amostra. 31,1% dos pacientes não residiam na cidade da Clínica Escola e a utilização de medicamentos foi relatada por 34,8% dos pacientes. Foram contabilizadas 387 exodontias de terceiros molares, representado o procedimento mais realizado. Destas, 75,7% tiveram como causa a remoção profilática. Quanto a classificação dos terceiros molares de acordo com Winter, todos casos encontrados nas posições distoangulado e linguoversão necessitaram de osteotomia e/ ou odontosecção para sua remoção. Em relação a classificação de Pell e Gregory, a posição IA foi a mais encontrada nos elementos 38 e 48, com respectivamente 56,5% e 52,0%. A análise das informações desta pesquisa poderá contribuir no planejamento e qualificação dos serviços oferecidos a comunidade... (AU)

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar y relacionar información sobre el perfil sociodemográfico, el estado general de salud de los pacientes y los procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados por la Liga Académica de Cirugía en la Clínica Odontológica de la Universidad Federal de Campina Grande. Se trata de una investigación transversal, descriptiva y cuantitativa, realizada a través de un análisis de registros odontológicos en el período comprendido entre 2016 y 2018. Los datos recolectados fueron tabulados y el análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Se analizaron 336 historias clínicas y el género femenino representó el 66,4% de la muestra. El 31,1% de los pacientes no residía en el municipio de Clínica Escola y el uso de medicamentos fue relatado por el 34,8% de los pacientes. Se contabilizaron un total de 387 extracciones de terceros molares, lo que representa el procedimiento más realizado. De estos, el 75,7% fueron causados por retiro profiláctico. En cuanto a la clasificación de los terceros molares según Winter, todos los casos que se encontraron en las posiciones de distoangulación y linguoversión requirieron osteotomía y/o odontotomía para su remoción. En cuanto a la clasificación de Pell y Gregory, la posición IA fue la más encontrada en los elementos 38 y 48, con 56,5% y 52,0% respectivamente. El análisis de la información de esta investigación puede contribuir a la planificación y calificación de los servicios ofrecidos a la comunidade... (AU)

This study aimed to analyze and relate information about the sociodemographic profile, the patient's general health condition, and the surgical procedures performed by the Academic Surgical League at the dental school of the Federal University of Campina Grande. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative study where dental records in the period between 2016 and 2018 were analyzed. The data were tabulated and the statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. A total of 336 medical records were analyzed and the female gender represented 66.4% of the sample. 31.1% of the patients did not live in the dental school's city and 34.8% of the patients reported using medication. 387 third molar extractions were realized, representing the most performed procedure. Of these, 75.7% were caused by prophylactic removal. According to Winter classification of third molars, all cases found in the distoangular and lingualversion positions required osteotomy and/or tooth sectioning for their removal. Regarding the classification by Pell and Gregory, position IA was the most found in elements 38 and 48, with 56.5% and 52.0%, respectively. The information analysis from this research can contribute to the planning and qualification of the services offered to the community... (AU)

Escáneres intraorales vs impresiones convencionales para diagnóstico y tratamiento odontológico / Intraoral scans vs. conventional impressions for dental diagnosis and treatment

Objetivo: Comparar métodos e identificar las ventajas y desventajas del flujo digital. Método: De tipo bibliográfica documental, mediante una búsqueda de artículos en bases de datos como: PubMed. Resultados: Fueron seleccionados 27 ya que contenían la información necesaria para cumplir con el objetivo principal de esta revisión. Conclusión: la toma de impresión todavía se considera que es incómodo para el paciente provocando en muchos desde nauseas hasta dificultad para respirar y atragantamientos, creando malas experiencias que generan desconfianza en el paciente cuando se encuentra en el ambiente odontológico, mientras que el escáner generalmente no origina este tipo de problemas.

Objective: To compare methods and identify the advantages and disadvantages of digital flow. Method: Bibliographic documentary type, by means of a search of articles in databases such as: PubMed. Results: 27 were selected as they contained the necessary information to fulfill the main objective of this review. Conclusion: Impression taking is still considered to be uncomfortable for the patient causing in many from nausea to difficulty breathing and choking, creating bad experiences that generate mistrust in the patient when in the dental environment, while the scanner generally does not originate this type of problems.

Nível de satisfação das mães quanto ao atendimento das crianças em clínica escola da infância de uma universidade no interior do nordeste / Level of mother satisfaction regarding children's attendance at a children's school clinic of a university in the countryside of Northeastern Brazil

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil e a percepção das mães quanto ao nível de satisfação do atendimento odontológico das Clínicas Integradas da Infância, do curso de Odontologia de uma universidade no interior do nordeste brasileiro. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, observacional e quanti-qualitativo baseado na coleta de dados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com mães de crianças atendidas nas Clínicas Integradas da Infância do curso de Odontologia. Os dados foram organizados em planilhas e, em seguida, submetidos à análise estatística descritiva através do software RStudio. Para a questão aberta, foi realizada análise de conteúdo qualitativa de Bardin. Resultados: Foi entrevistado um total de 28 mães, com média de idade de 33 anos, em sua maioria casadas, com renda de um salário mínimo ou mais, que referiram ter de 2 a 3 filhos. A maioria das entrevistadas considerou o atendimento muito bom ou bom, evidenciando principalmente o afeto, a paciência e o vínculo criado entre aluno e paciente pediátrico. A fila e o tempo de espera para agendamento de consultas foram apresentados como pontos negativos. Conclusão: Genericamente, as mães de crianças atendidas nas Clínicas Integradas da Infância consideram-se satisfeitas com o atendimento prestado pelo serviço. Salienta-se a necessidade de impetrar recursos que busquem a triagem constante e a redução da fila de espera do serviço.

Aim:To analyze the profile and perception of mothers regarding the level of satisfaction with the dental care provided by Integrated Children's Clinics, from the Dentistry course of a university in the countryside of Northeastern Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational, and quantitative-qualitative study was carried out based on data collection through semi-structured interviews with mothers of children who received medical care at the Integrated Children's Clinics of the Dentistry course. Data were organized in spreadsheets and then submitted to descriptive statistical analysis using the R Studio software. For the open question, Bardin's qualitative content analysis was performed. Results: A total of 28 mothers were interviewed, with a mean age of 33 years, mostly married, with an income of one minimum wage or more, who reported having 2 to 3 children. Most interviewees considered the service to be very good or good, mainly showing affection, patience, and the bond created between students and pediatric patients. Lines and waiting time for scheduling appointments were presented as negative points. Conclusion: In general, mothers of children who received medical care at Integrated Children's Clinics consider themselves satisfied with the care provided by the service. The need to file appeals that seek constant screening and reduction of the service's waiting list is highlighted.

Microbial contamination in dental equipment and disinfection potential of different antimicrobial agents / Contaminação microbiana em equipamentos odontológicos e potencial de desinfecção de diferentes agentes antimicrobianos

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the dental equipment microbial contamination and to test different disinfectants, collaborating with the protocols control of cross infection in dental care. Methods: Samples were collected from dental equipment (syringes; auxiliary table; reflector), cultured in Petri plates with Brain Heart Agar (for bacteria) and Sabourad Agar (for fungi) culture medium. After collection of the initial samples, the surfaces were randomly divided and disinfected with the following products: ethanol 70% (A70); 5% chlorhexidine (CHX5) and, glucoprotamina 0.5% (GLP0,5). New sample collections were made from the same locations described above (final samples). Results: No disinfectant product tested was able to eliminate all microbial forms (bacteria and fungi) surfaces. For bacteria, the antimicrobial activity was higher with the ethanol 70%, followed by 5% chlorhexidine and glucoprotamina 0.5%. For fungi, the 5% chlorhexidine had the best effect, followed by ethanol 70% and glucoprotamina 0.5%. Conclusion: The study confirmed the contamination of surfaces of dental equipment and the importance of disinfection for infection control in the dental clinic. Through this study, no antimicrobial agent tested was 100% effective in eliminating microorganisms present in the dental clinic surfaces.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a contaminação microbiana em equipamentos odontológicos e testar diferentes agentes desinfetantes, colaborando com os protocolos de controle de infecção cruzada nos atendimentos odontológicos. Métodos: Foram coletadas amostras de equipamentos odontológicos (seringas tríplices; mesa auxiliar; refletor), semeadas em placas de Petri com meios de cultura ágar cérebro coração (para bactérias) e ágar Sabourad (para fungos). Após as coletas das amostras iniciais, as superfícies foram aleatoriamente divididas e desinfetadas com os seguintes produtos: álcool etílico 70% (A70); clorexidina alcoólica 5% (CHX5); e, glucoprotamina 0,5% (GLP0,5). Foram realizadas as coletas finais das amostras, dos mesmos locais descritos acima. Resultados: Nenhum produto desinfetante testado foi capaz de eliminar todas as formas microbianas (bactérias e fungos) das superfícies. Para bactérias, a ação antimicrobiana foi superior com o uso do álcool etílico 70%, seguido da clorexidina alcoólica 5% e da glucoprotamina 0,5%. Para fungos, a clorexidina alcoólica 5% teve o melhor efeito, seguido do álcool etílico 70% e da glucoprotamina 0,5%. Conclusão: O estudo confirmou a contaminação das superfícies dos equipamentos dentais e a importância da desinfecção para o controle de infecção na clínica odontológica. Através deste estudo, nenhum agente antimicrobiano testado foi 100% efetivo na eliminação dos microrganismos presentes nas superfícies odontológicas.

Prontuário Eletrônico do Paciente em Clínicas Odontológicas: uma revisão integrativa / Patient Electronic Record in Dental Clinics: an integrative review / Prunctorio Electrónico del Paciente en Clínicas Dentales: una revisión integradora

Objetivo: Analisar o Prontuário Eletrônico do Paciente (PEP) em clínicas odontológicas. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada a partir da questão norteadora, na qual estruturou-se a expressão de busca por meio dos descritores indexados e seus respectivos sinônimos no DeCS, MESH e Emtree, combinados por meio dos operadores booleanos AND e OR. A busca foi realizada, em março de 2021, via acesso remoto no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, nas bases de dados LILACS, Medline, Scopus, Embase e Web of Science. Resultados: Foram selecionados 15 artigos para leitura na íntegra, cujos principais achados refere-se ao processo de implementação, usabilidade e desafios do PEP em clínicas odontológicas. Conclusão: Embora poucos estudos abordem sobre o PEP na odontologia, houve melhora da qualidade do atendimento, além de permitir o registro para melhor acompanhamento da evolução dos casos aprimorando o processo de trabalho para a tomada de decisão.

Objective: To analyze the Electronic Patient Record (EPR) in dental clinics. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, based on the guiding question, in which the search expression was structured using the indexed descriptors and their respective synonyms in DeCS, MESH and Emtree, combined using Boolean operators. AND and OR. The search was carried out, in March 2021, via remote access on the CAPES Portal, in the LILACS, Medline, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science databases. Results: Fifteen articles were selected for full reading, whose main findings refer to the process of implementation, usability and challenges of PEP in dental clinics. Conclusion: Although few studies address EPR in dentistry, there was an improvement in the quality of care, in addition to allowing registration to better monitor the evolution of cases, improving the work process for decision making.

Objetivo: Analizar el Registro Electrónico de Pacientes (REP) en clínicas dentales. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora, basada en la pregunta orientadora, en la que se estructuró la expresión de búsqueda a través de los descriptores indexados y sus respectivos sinónimos en DeCS, MESH y Emtree, combinados mediante operadores booleanos AND y OR. La búsqueda se realizó, en marzo de 2021, mediante acceso remoto en el Portal de Revistas CAPES, en las bases de datos LILACS, Medline, Scopus, Embase y Web of Science. Resultados: Se seleccionaron quince artículos para lectura completa, cuyos principales hallazgos se refieren al proceso de implementación, usabilidad y desafíos de la PEP en las clínicas dentales. Conclusión: Si bien pocos estudios abordan la REP en odontología, hubo una mejora en la calidad de la atención, además de permitir el registro para controlar mejor la evolución de los casos, mejorando el proceso de trabajo para la toma de decisiones.

Como as características dos LEDs de segunda e terceira geração podem influenciar a dureza de compósitos restauradores: uma revisão da literatura / How the second and third LED generation features can influence the hardness of restorative composites: a review of the literature.

Objetivo: Várias fontes de luz têm sido utilizadas desde que os materiais fotoativados foram introduzidos na odontologia. Diodos emissores de luz (LEDs) se popularizaram como a principal opção para a polimerização dos materiais restauradores. O objetivo nessa revisão da literatura foi avaliar a influência das fontes de luz emitidas por diodo (LEDs) de segunda e terceira geração sobre a dureza de compósitos restauradores. Revisão de literatura: Nas bases de dados PubMed e Google Scholar foram pré-selecionados 239 artigos na língua inglesa entre os anos de 2010 e 2020, utilizando os termos: lightcuring, LED light sources, and dental LEDs. Dos 239 artigos inicialmente selecionados, 37 artigos foram avaliados devido aos critérios de inclusão/exclusão no estudo. Considerações finais: Vários estudos apontaram diferenças importantes na dureza dos compósitos restauradores testados, tanto na superfície de topo quanto na base. No entanto, essas diferenças estavam mais associadas a características como: estado de conservação do LED, irradiância, tempo de ativação, espectro de emissão dos aparelhos e sua compatibilidade ao fotoiniciador presente no compósito. Assim, podemos considerar que o monitoramento das condições do aparelho, e a escolha correta da fonte de luz de acordo com o compósito a ser utilizado são essenciais para maximizar a dureza dos compósitos restauradores, pois embora os aparelhos de terceira geração sejam preferencialmente indicados para compósitos com fotoiniciadores alternativos, os aparelhos que emitem luz azul apresentam vantagens quando o compósito é ativado apenas pela Canforoquinona.(AU)

Objective: Several light sources have been used since the light-curing materials were introduced in dentistry. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have become popular as the main option for the polymerization of restorative materials. This literature review aimed to evaluate the influence of second and third generation Light-emitting Diode (LEDs) sources on the hardness of restorative composites. Literature Review: In the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, 239 scientific papers in English were pre-selected between 2010 and 2020 using light-curing, LED light sources, and dental LEDs. After reading, 37 articles were selected to compose the review. Several studies have pointed out significant differences in the hardness of the tested restorative composites, both on the top and base surfaces. However, these differences were more associated with characteristics such as: LED conservation conditions, irradiance, curing time, the emission spectrum of the devices and their compatibility with the photoinitiator used in the composite. Final Considerations: Thus, it can be considered that monitoring the condition of the device and the correct choice of light sources according to the composite to be used is essential to maximize the hardness of the restorative composites, because although third-generation devices are preferably indicated for composites with alternative photoinitiators, devices that emit blue light have advantages when the composite is activated only by Camphorquinone.(AU)

Fuentes de luz de uso clínico en el pre grado: 7 años de seguimento / Light curing units in the undergraduate dental clinics: 7 years of follow-up

RESUMEN Objetivo: Realizar, durante siete años ininterrumpidos, un control y seguimiento de las fuentes de luz disponibles en las clínicas odontológicas de pre graado de una Institución de Enseñanza Superior Pública Brasileña. Material y métodos: Durante el período comprendido entre 2011-2017 se evaluó el control de calidad de las fuentes de luz de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Goiás a través del análisis de su estado de conservación y de su densidad de potencia (mW/cm2). Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a un análisis estadístico descritpivo y a las pruebas de Levene, Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn y Chi-cuadrado (P<0,05). Resultados: No se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas del estado de conservación de las fuentes de luz entre los años 2012, 2016 y 2017 (p>0,05). Sí se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los valores de densidad de potência entre dichos años (p<0,0001). En las comparaciones por pares, los valores de densidad de potencia para los años 2011 (p<0,01) y 2012 (p<0,05) fueron estadísticamente diferentes de los años 2015, 2016 y 2017. Conclusiones: Comparativamente se observó una mejora sustancial del estado de conservación de las fuentes de luz en los cuatro años iniciales de evaluaciones, con una disminución en el quinto año y una estabilización en los dos últimos años. Durante los siete años de estudio de la densidad de potencia de las fuentes de luz se observó en un aumento gradual de la misma con una estabilización de los resultados a partir del quinto año de control de calidad.

SUMMARY Objetive: To monitor the light curing units available at undergraduate dental clinics of a Brazilian Public Higher Education Institution for seven uninterrupted years. Materials and methods: In the period between 2011-2017, the quality control of light curing units at the Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, was evaluated by analyzing their state of conservation and power density (mW/cm2). Data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and Levene, Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn and Chi-square tests (P <0.05). Results: Regarding the conservation status of the light curing units, comparatively, there was no statistically significant difference between the years 2012, 2016 and 2017 (p> 0.05). Statistically significant differences were found for power density values between years (p <0.0001). In pairwise comparisons, the power density values for the years 2011 (p <0.01) and 2012 (p <0.05) were statistically different from the years 2015, 2016 and 2017. Conclusions: A significant improvement in the state of conservation of light curing units was observed in the initial four years of evaluations, with a decline in the fifth year and stabilization in the last two years. Regarding the power density of the light curing units, a gradual increase was observed in the seven years of study, with stabilization of the results after the fifth year of quality control.

Panoramic radiography for detection of bilateral carotid calcified atheroma: an unusual case report / Radiografía panorámica para la detección de ateroma calcificado carotídeo bilateral: reporte de un caso inusual

Introduction: Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disease that can trigger serious medical consequences like acute myocardial infarction or stroke. Case Report: The purpose of this study is to report an unusual case of finding calcified atheromatous plaques in the carotid arteries bilaterally using a panoramic radiography (PR). A 75-year-old female with a morbid history, attends the Teaching Dental Clinic of the Pontifical Catholic University with complementary exams. PR showed well-defined radiopaque structures adjacent to C4. Using a Doppler ultrasound, the presence of calcified atheromas in the right and left carotid arteries were confirmed. The patient was informed of these findings and is currently under medical follow-up. Conclusion: PR is a useful complementary resource in the detection of atherosclerotic plaques of the upper carotid region.

Introducción: La aterosclerosis es una enfermedad inflamatoria progresiva que puede desencadenar graves consecuencias médicas como infarto agudo de miocardio o accidente cerebrovascular. Case Report: El propósito de este estudio es reportar un caso inusual de hallazgo de placas ateromatosas calcificadas en las arterias carótidas de forma bilateral mediante una radiografía panorámica. Mujer de 75 años con antecedentes mórbidos, acude a la Clínica Odontológica Docente de la Pontificia Universidad Católica con exámenes complementarios. La radiografía panorámica mostró estructuras radiopacas bien definidas adyacentes a C4. Mediante ecografía Doppler se confirmó la presencia de ateromas calcificados en las arterias carótidas derecha e izquierda. El paciente fue informado de estos hallazgos y actualmente se encuentra en seguimiento médico. Conclusión: La radiografía panorámica es un recurso complementario útil en la detección de placas ateroscleróticas de la región carotídea superior.

Doenças ocupacionais e princípios ergonômicos voltados à formação de profissionais da Odontologia / Occupational diseases and ergonomic principles aimed at training dentistry professionals

Introdução: a alta demanda diária para desempenhar os serviços, aliada ao descuido com o bem-estar laboral, acaba causando uma má postura na hora dos atendimentos, acarretando problemas osteomusculares, dor e, consequentemente, doenças ocupacionais. Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento dos acadêmicos nos diferentes semestres do curso de Odontologia de uma instituição de ensino superior situada na cidade de Vitória da Conquista ­ Bahia, acerca dos princípios ergonômicos aplicados à prática clínica, além de investigar sintomas associados às doenças ocupacionais. Metodologia: foram selecionados, de forma aleatória, 186 alunos matriculados nas clínicas da faculdade, os quais foram convidados a responder a dois questionários contendo perguntas relacionadas ao conceito de ergonomia e a doenças ocupacionais na Odontologia. Foi aplicado o teste qui-quadradro de Pearson; nos casos em que a frequência esperada foi menor que cinco (n < 5), foi utilizado o teste exato de Fisher (p<0,05). Resultados: cerca de 69% dos graduandos demonstraram total insciênciasobre a ergonomia, 87% apresentaram pouco conhecimento a respeito das doenças ocupacionais da Odontologia, 75% consideraram insatisfatório o conhecimento sobre ergonomia na faculdade e cerca de 76% queixaram-se de dores osteomusculares em pelo menos um local anatômico do seu corpo. Conclusão: o presente estudo demonstrou o pouco conhecimento dos estudantes Oe odontologia a respeito dessa temática e o possível desenvolvimento de doenças osteomusculares ainda na graduação.

Introduction: The high daily demand to perform the services allied to the carelessness with the job well-being lead to a bad posture at the appointments, causing musculoskeletal problems, pain, and, consequently, occupational diseases. Objective: to evaluate the knowledge of students in the different semesters of the Dentistry course of a Higher Education Institution located in the city of Vitória da Conquista - Bahia, on the ergonomic principles applied to clinical practice, and investigate the symptoms associated with occupational diseases. Methodology: 186 students enrolled in the college clinics were randomly selected and invited to answer two questionnaires, containing questions related to the concept of ergonomics and occupational diseases in dentistry. Pearson's chi-square test was applied; in cases that the expected frequency was less than five (n<5), Fisher´s exact test was used (p<0.05). Results: around 69% of the undergraduates demonstrated total unawareness about ergonomics, 87% had little knowledge about occupational diseases in Dentistry, 75% consider the knowledge about ergonomics in college unsatisfactory, and about 76% complained of musculoskeletal pain in at least one anatomical site of their body. Conclusion: the presente study demonstrated Dentistry students have little knowledge about this theme and the possible development of musculoskeletal diseases while still in the undergraduate course.

Informatización de registros médicos en clínicas estomatológicas / Computerization of medical records in dental clinics

RESUMEN Introducción: las nuevas tecnologías de la Informática y las comunicaciones han impactado en todas las áreas de la vida del ser humano y con especial énfasis en el sector de salud pública. El proceso de informatización de salud es abarcador en su concepción y en su proyección. Objetivo: implementar una aplicación informática para la gestión de la información de los procesos de registros médicos en el área de admisión de las clínicas estomatológicas Policlínico Universitario "Pedro Borrás Astorga" y Clínica Estomatológica Docente "Antonio Briones Montoto Métodos: la investigación obedece a un estudio de investigación-desarrollo tecnológico que tiene como objetivo desarrollar el prototipo de una aplicación informática para la gestión de los procesos de registros médicos empleando las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones. Resultados: uno de los retos de esta investigación es implementar un sistema para los centros de salud de estomatología mediante el análisis, diseño y elaboración, de una aplicación informática agradable al usuario, que ayudará al personal de salud a mejorar los procesos de inscripción del paciente, agenda de turnos, agenda servicio y archivo, siendo esta una herramienta informática implementada sobre plataforma web que da solución al problema a resolver en la entidad. Conclusiones: este proceso de informatización del sector lo constituye el paciente y se garantiza la calidad, oportunidad y consistencia de la información, que redundará en un incremento continuo y sostenido de la calidad en la atención médica, así como aporta resultados y apoyo a la toma de decisiones.

ABSTRACT Introduction: new information and communications technologies have impacted all areas of human life, with special emphasis on the public health sector. The informatization process of health system is comprehensive in its conception and projection. Objective: to implement a computer application for the management of information from the medical records processes in the area of admission of Pedro Borrás Astorga University Polyclinic and Antonio Briones Montoto Teaching Dentistry Clinic. Methods: the research complied with a technological- development research which was aimed at developing the prototype of a computer application for the management of the medical record processes using information and communication technologies, from the study of the current needs and shortcomings of this service. The target group of the study was constituted by the Dentistry Clinics of the country and the chosen sample belongs to the pilot institutions: Pedro Borrás Astorga University Polyclinic and Antonio Briones Montoto Teaching Dentistry Clinic, both from Pinar del Río municipality. Results: one of the challenges of this research is to implement a system for dentistry health-care centers through the analysis, design and development of a user-friendly computer application that will help health personnel to improve the processes of patient registration, shift schedule, agenda service and archive, being this an implemented computer tool on a web platform that provides a solution to the problem to be solved in the entity. Conclusions: the process of computerization of the health sector is aimed at the patient and guarantees the quality, suitability and consistency of information, which will result in a continuous and sustained increase in the quality of medical care, in order to achieve results and for decision making.

Factores asociados al estrés en estudiantes de odontología de una universidad peruana / Stress factors associated with dental students of a Peruvian university

Objetivos: Determinar los factores asociados al estrés en estudiantes de la Facultad de Odontología de una Universidad Peruana. Material y Métodos: El estudio fue no experimental y transversal realizado durante abril y mayo del 2016. La muestra fue de 140 estudiantes de Odontología seleccionada por muestreo no probabilístico; los criterios de selección fueron todos los estudiantes de ambos sexos matriculados en el semestre académico y que firmaran el consentimiento informado, los datos para determinar la presencia de estrés se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación del cuestionario "Dental Environment Stress Questionaire". Para evaluar la asociación entre el estrés y la edad, sexo y nivel académico se utilizó la prueba Chi-cuadrado, se calcularon los odds ratio (OR). Resultados: El estrés académico se presentó en el 75,7% de los estudiantes y se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa con el nivel académico de los estudiantes (p <0,05) observándose mayor estrés en el nivel preclínico que en el nivel clínico; y con la edad de los estudiantes (p<0,05) observándose mayor estrés en los adultos jóvenes que en los adultos. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los estudiantes de odontología de una universidad peruana presentan estrés académico, el cual está asociado al nivel académico y a la edad.

Objectives: Determine the factors associated with stress in students of the Dental School of a Peruvian University. Material and Methods: The study was non-experimental and cross-sectional conducted during April and May 2016. The sample was 140 dentistry students selected by non-probabilistic sampling; the selection criteria were all students of both sexes enrolled in the academic semester and who signed the informed consent, the data to determine the presence of stress were obtained by applying the questionnaire "Dental Environment, Questionnaire". To evaluate the association between stress and age, sex and academic level, the chi-square test was used, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated. Results: Academic stress was presented in 75,7% of the students and a statistically significant association was found with the academic level of the students (p <0,05), observing greater stress at the preclinical level than at the clinical one; and with the age of the students (p <0,05) observing greater stress in young adults than in adults. Conclusions: The majority of dentistry students of a Peruvian university present academic stress, which is associated with academic level and age.

Hipoclorito de sodio al 5% Vs digluconato de clorhexidina. Desinfectantes antimicro-bianos del sistema de irrigación odontológico / 5% sodium hypochlorite Vs chlorhexidine digluconate. Antimicrobial disinfectants of the dental irrigation system

El presente estudio comprende el análisis y la eliminación de los microorganismos presentes en los sistemas de irrigación de las unidades dentales de la Universidad Nacional de Chimbo-razo, el mismo tiene como finalidad la reducción de contaminación microbiana. Se procedió a tomar muestras del agua del sistema de irrigación que recorre por la jeringa triple de diez unidades dentales escogidas al azar, la recolección se realizó en un solo día, en envases estéri-les y fueron trasladados de manera inmediata hacia los laboratorios de la facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la UNACH- L.S.A. El análisis de la carga microbiana se realizó a través de un procedimiento in vitro en el laboratorio con cultivos sembrados en agar nutritivo de marca comercial Difco, se interpretaron los resultados, se verificó si estos valores están dentro de los parámetros internacionales para el uso y consumo humano, confirmando que existen valores mayores a las 200 UFC/ml. Finalmente, se procedió a la desinfección del agua, la que se realizó con hipoclorito de sodio al 5% y con digluconato de clorhexidina al 2%, cinco unidades detales para cada desinfectante respectivamente, se repitió el procedimiento de recolección de muestras así como también de análisis microbiológico post desinfección, se verificaron los resultados y se comparó la efectividad entre los desinfectantes empleados en la investigación, obtenido ausencia de UFC/ml para cada sustancia utilizada, dando el mante-nimiento al agua de los sistemas de irrigación.

A comparative observational study was carried out in the Dental Clinic of Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo (UNACH), during the academic period October 2015 - February 2016. The object of study was given by the existing microbial load in the irrigation system of 10 dental units; as well as the effect of 5% sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine diglucona-te on it. The samples were collected in two moments: after disinfection and after procedure performed. The intakes were made at the distal end of the irrigation systems of the triple syringe of the dental units, eliminating the amount of water that runs through the whole pipe and then obtaining the sample without interrupting the water flow in a sterile bottle. A total of 10 samples were collected, one from each dental unit, immediately closing the bottle and transferring them to the UNACH laboratory for processing. Before carrying out the disinfec-tion process, the laboratory results showed microbial contamination figures in the irrigation systems of the dental units above the acceptable values of CFU (Colony Forming Units). The use of 5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine digluconate showed the effectiveness of these substances as antimicrobials in the disinfection of irrigation systems of dental units with similar levels of effectiveness in this regard.

O uso das redes sociais na odontologia: uma análise dos aspectos éticos de páginas de clínicas odontológicas / The use of social networks in dentistry: an analysis of the ethical aspects of dental clinic pages

Introdução: O avanço tecnológico e a popularização do uso da internet favorecem o uso das mídias sociais para divulgação de serviços e estabelecimentos como forma de angariar clientela, porém, estas nem sempre estão de acordo com o Código de Ética Odontológica (CEO). Objetivo: avaliar os aspectos éticos sobre o anúncio, propaganda e publicidade de páginas de clínicas odontológicas presentes na rede social Facebook®. Material e Método: trata-se de um estudo exploratório transversal, com coleta de dados em um período de duas semanas, e utilizando a ferramenta de busca da própria rede social selecionada com o termo "clínica odontológica". Cada página encontrada foi avaliada individualmente de acordo com variáveis pré-selecionadas. Resultados: foram analisadas 102 páginas e em 76,5% delas não constavam itens obrigatórios na comunicação e na divulgação, que no caso de pessoas jurídicas, incluem o nome e o número de inscrição do responsável técnico. O mesmo ocorreu com o nome representativo da profissão de cirurgião-dentista que não apareceu em 93,1% das páginas. Outro ponto a ser destacado é a exibição de imagens do "antes e depois" que foram observadas em 31,4% das páginas. Já o anúncio de modalidades de pagamento, oferecimento de serviço gratuito e de prêmios e descontos foram encontrados em, respectivamente, 5,9%, 7,8% e 5,9% dos casos. Conclusão: A maioria das páginas de clínicas odontológicas avaliadas neste trabalho está em desacordo com o CEO, no que diz respeito ao anúncio, propaganda e publicidade. Sendo assim, é necessária uma maior vigilância dos órgãos competentes para que essas irregularidades sejam apuradas e, se necessário, seus autores sejam responsabilizados.

Introduction: Technological advancement and the popularization of Internet use favor the use of social media to promote services and establishments as a way to attract clients, but these are not always in accordance with the Code of Ethical Dentistry (CEO). Objective: to evaluate the ethical aspects about the as announcement, advertisement, and publicity of pages of dental clinics present in the social network Facebook®. Material and Method: this is an exploratory cross-sectional study, in the period of two weeks, and as a search strategy the word "dental clinic" was used. Each page was evaluated individually according to pre-selected variables. Results: 102 pages were analyzed and 76.5% of them did not include the mandatory items in the communication and disclosure, which in the case of legal entities, are the name and registration number of the technical responsible. The same occurred with the representative name of the profession that did not appear in 93.1% of the pages. Another point to highlight is the display of "before and after" images that were observed on 31.4% of the pages. The announcements of payment methods, the offer of free services and prizes and discounts were found at 5.9, 7.8 and 5.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Most of the dental clinic pages evaluated in this study are at odds with the CDE as far as announcement, advertisement, and publicity are concerned. Therefore, more vigilance is required of the competent bodies, so that these irregularities are cleared and, if necessary, their perpetrators are held accountable.

Validation of the oral health impact profile applied to patients with periodontal disease / Validación del perfil de impacto de salud oral aplicado a pacientes con enfermedad periodontal

ABSTRACT. Introduction: the metric properties of the Oral Health Impact Profile applied to Periodontal Disease (OHIP-14-PD) have not been properly studied and questions remain about the factor structure of OHIP-14. The objectives of the present study were to analyze the distribution, discriminability, and internal consistency of the items and total score of the OHIP-14-PD, prove their discriminant validity to differentiate between periodontal and gingivitis patients, explore their factor structure, and contrast several factor models proposed for the OHIP-14, determining the internal consistency and the convergent and discriminant validity of its factors. Methods: a non-probabilistic sample was gathered including 249 adult dental patients in the city of Monterrey (Mexico). Results: the internal consistency of the 14 items was very high (ordinal α = 0.928). The distribution of the total score showed asymmetry and positive kurtosis, i.e. concentration in low scores. The central tendency of periodontal patients was significantly higher than that of gingivitis patients. The exploratory factor analysis yielded two models: one with one factor, and one with three factors (physical impact [items 1 to 4 and 7], physical disability [items 5 and 6] and psychosocial impact [items 8 to 14]). The hierarchical factor models proposed for the OHIP-14 showed standardized parameters outside the range of allowable values. Conclusions: The OHIP-14-PD has internal consistency and discriminant validity. The one-factor model is the best model. Its adjustment improves by specifying a correlation between the residuals of the two items corresponding to the physical disability factor.

RESUMEN. Introducción: las propiedades métricas del Perfil de Impacto de Salud Oral aplicado a la Enfermedad Periodontal (OHIP-14- PD) no se han estudiado y existen dudas sobre la estructura factorial del OHIP-14. El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en estudiar la distribución, discriminabilidad y consistencia interna de los ítems y de la puntuación total del OHIP-14-PD, comprobar su validez discriminante para diferenciar entre pacientes con periodontitis y gingivitis; explorar su estructura factorial, y contrastar varios modelos factoriales propuestos para el OHIP-14, determinando la consistencia interna y la validez convergente y discriminante de sus factores. Métodos: se recolectó una muestra no probabilística de 249 pacientes odontológicos adultos de la ciudad de Monterrey (México). Resultados: la consistencia interna de los 14 ítems fue muy alta (α ordinal = 0,928). La distribución de la puntuación total mostró asimetría y curtosis positivas, esto es, concentración en puntuaciones bajas. La tendencia central de los pacientes con periodontitis fue significativamente mayor que la de los pacientes con gingivitis. El análisis factorial exploratorio reveló dos modelos: uno de un factor y otro de tres factores (impacto físico [ítems del 1 al 4 y 7], discapacidad física [ítems 5 y 6] e impacto psicosocial [ítems del 8 al 14]). Los modelos de factores jerarquizados propuestos para el OHIP-14 presentaron parámetros estandarizados fuera del rango de valores admisibles. Conclusiones: el OHIP-14-PD muestra consistencia interna y validez discriminante. El modelo de un factor constituye el mejor modelo. Su ajuste mejora con la especificación de una correlación entre los residuos de los dos ítems correspondientes al factor de discapacidad física.

Survey of Staphylococcus epidermidis Contamination on the Hands of Dental Hygienists and Equipment Surface of Dental Clinics / 치위생과학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate Staphylococcus epidermidis contamination on hands of 20 dental hygienists and 140 equipment surface of 20 dental clinics in a local area, from July to August 2017. The degree of S. epidermidis contamination was measured using a hand plate and a rodac plate and then cultured at 35℃ for 24 hours. Based on hand plate criteria, hand contamination was classified into low, middle, and high groups. Analysis of the variance (ANOVA) of the contamination level of the hand parts of the group surface contamination level of the dental clinic equipment was descriptive statistics after clustering lock count. S. epidermidis contamination was moderate in 55% of the hands of dental hygienists. The area of contamination was 29.45 colony-forming units (CFU) on the palm, followed by the middle finger 7.8 CFU, ring finger 6.4 CFU, and thumb 6 CFU. Medical equipment surface contamination was showed that 3-way handle 4.45 CFU, computer mouse 3.37 CFU, mirror handle 1.60 CFU were higher than other areas. The group with high hand contamination had a high positive correlation with the S. epidermidis contamination of the hand. S. epidermidis contamination level was higher on hands than on the medical equipment surface contamination. Therefore, medical staff should recognize the importance of hand hygiene which should be practiced in the manner suggested by World Health Organization. In addition, the medical team needs to be responsible for performing infection control tasks, implementing infection management guidelines and providing systematic education on infectious disease management.