Relationship of Oral Aesthetic Assessment according to Self Perception with Oral Malocclusion Condition of High School Students in Sidrap District, South Sulawesi Indonesia / Relação da avaliação estética de acordo com a autopercepção da condição de má oclusão oral de estudantes do ensino médio no distrito de Sidrap, Sulawesi do Sul na Indonésia

Self-perception of dental aesthetics needs to be considered in planning orthodontic treatment because it is known that everyone has a self-perception of different oral esthetic conditions. Objective: To assess the state of malocclusion based on self-perception of dental aesthetics using the Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score (OASIS); to determine the relationship of self-perceptions of oral aesthetics and the state of malocclusion from the results of clinical examinations using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Material and Methods: Research subjects were middle school students aged between 14-18 years as many as 187 students. For oral aesthetic assessment using the OASIS index questionnaire, and to evaluate the aesthetic and anatomical components of the malocclusion clinic using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Results: The prevalence of malocclusion according to Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) showed that mild / normal malocclusion (59.9%), moderate malocclusion (33.4%), severe malocclusion (5.7%), and very severe malocclusion (1%). The prevalence of self-perception of oral aesthetics was 54.6% judging good. The results of the analysis with logistic regression tests showed that there was a significant (p (p<0.001) relationship between self-perception of oral aesthetics using the OASIS index and malocclusion status using the DAI index. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, there was a significant relationship (p <0.01) between oral aesthetic self perception and malocclusion status of high school students. (AU)

A autopercepção da estética dentária precisa ser considerada no planejamento do tratamento ortodôntico, porque é sabido que existem diferenças nesta autopercepção de condições estéticas orais entre os indivíduos. Objetivo: Avaliar o estado de má oclusão com base na autopercepção da estética dentária utilizando o Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score (OASIS); determinar a relação entre a autopercepção da estética bucal e o estado de má oclusão a partir dos resultados de exames clínicos utilizando o Índice de Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Material e Métodos: Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram estudantes do ensino médio, com idades entre 14 e 18 anos, num total de 187 alunos. Para avaliação da estética bucal, foi utilizado o questionário do índice OASIS, e para avaliar os componentes estéticos e anatômicos da clínica de más oclusões, o Índice de DAI. Resultados: A prevalência de má oclusão segundo o DAI, mostrou resultados de percepção de: oclusão leve / normal (59,9%), oclusão moderada (33,4%), oclusão grave (5,7%) e oclusão muito grave (1%). A prevalência de autopercepção da estética oral foi de 54,6%, considerando-se boa. Os resultados da análise com testes de regressão logística mostraram que houve uma relação significativa (p <0,01) entre a autopercepção da estética oral e o estado de má oclusão de estudantes do ensino médio. (AU)

Need for orthodontic treatment in a sample of Ecuadorian adolescents from Cojitambo, 2017

Aim: To determine the need for orthodontic treatment in Ecuadorian adolescents aged 13 to 18 years in Cojitambo, 2017. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was made including 140 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years, 50% males. For determining the prevalence of malocclusion, a visual clinical examination was performed to obtain the data required using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Results: 37.14% of the adolescents presented a minor malocclusion (without the need for treatment), 20% a definitivemalocclusion (need for elective treatment), 30% a severe malocclusion (highly desirable treatment) and 12.86% a very severe malocclusion (mandatory treatment). No statistically significant differences were found by sex (p =0.53) or by age (p =0.05). Conclusion: There is a higher prevalence of adolescents who had a normal occlusion without the need of orthodontic treatment and the ones with the lowest prevalence were adolescents with very severe malocclusion that needed compulsory treatment, without differences by sex or age

Prevalencia de Anomalías Dentomaxilares y Necesidad de Tratamiento en Adolescentes / Prevalence of Dentomaxillary Anomalies and Treatment Needs in Adolescents

RESUMEN: Las anomalías dentomaxilares (ADM) constituyen un problema de salud pública en Chile, lo que genera la necesidad de un diagnóstico sistemático y la asignación de prioridades de tratamiento. Las ADM que afectan la estética pueden constituir una barrera para la inserción social de los adolescentes. El Dental Aesthetic Index (IED), es un instrumento que permite jerarquizar la necesidad de tratamiento de las ADM. El propósito de esta investigación fue caracterizar las ADM, necesidad de tratamiento a través de IED y auto-percepción estética en escolares de 12 a 15 años. Estudio de Prevalencia en adolescentes de 12 a 15 años, de la ciudad de Viña del Mar. El criterio de exclusión fue tratamiento ortodóncico previo. Se seleccionaron 204 sujetos mediante asignación uniforme con un nivel de confianza de 95 %. Variables recogidas: Edad, tipo de establecimiento educacional, sexo, percepción estética y IED por componentes. La prevalencia según IED fue de 63 % [56 % - 70 %]. La necesidad de tratamiento fue 44,2 % electivo, 31,01 % altamente deseable y 24,81 % obligatorio y prioritario. El IED Comunitario dio 29.5. Se encontró una relación significativa entre IED y percepción estética con un p-valor: 0,006 (Rho: 0,343). La prevalencia de anomalías dentomaxilares medido a través del indicador IED alcanza el 63 % y el IED comunitario de 29,54 % afirmando que el grupo "requiere tratamiento electivo por ADM definida"; en los establecimientos particulares está subestimado pues algunos casos ya han sido tratados con anterioridad a esta investigación.

ABSTRACT: Dentomaxillary anomalies are a public health problem in Chile, resulting in the need for screening and prioritization of treatment. Dentomaxillary anomalies affecting the aesthetics can be a barrier to social integration of adolescents. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) is an instrument to prioritize the need for treatment of malocclusions. The purpose of this research was to characterize the malocclusions, orthodontic treatment needs and esthetic self-perception in schoolchildren from 12 to 15 years through DAI. Prevalence Study in 12 to 15 year-old adolescents from Viña del Mar. The exclusion criteria was previous orthodontic treatment. The sample was 204 subjects selected by uniform allocation with a confidence level of 95 %. Variables included age, type of educational establishment, sex, aesthetic perception and DAI by component. Prevalence of dentomaxillary anomalies by DAI was 63 % [56 % - 70 %], Treatment needs were 44.2 % treatment elective, 31.01 % highly desirable and 24.81 % mandatory. The Community's DAI was 29.5. The relationship between DAI and aesthetic perception was significant (p-value: 0.006; Rho: 0.343). The prevalence of dento-maxillary anomalies measured by DAI reaches 63 % and the communal DAI was 29.54 stating that the group "requires elective treatment for definite malocclusion"; in private schools, it is underestimated because some cases had already been treated prior to this investigation.

Evaluation of relationship between orthodontic treatment need according Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and student’s perception in 11-14 year old students in the city of Shiraz in 2012.

Background: Although the demand for orthodontic treatment is affected by understanding the needs for treatment and costs, patients’ concerns do not always match with expert’s assessments. To gain a clearer understanding of children’s orthodontic needs, treatment recommendations and how an abnormality can affect a child’s quality of life is critical. Information on the relationship between assessment of need for treatment and an individual’s perception of need for orthodontic treatment is of great interest for orthodontic service providers. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between need for orthodontic treatment according to Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and individuals’ perception of need for treatment in 11-14 year old students. Methods: In this study, 240 primary and middle school students from the four educational districts of Shiraz were selected through multi-stage random sampling and completed the study questionnaire. Then dental examination was done by the dentist according to DAI index to determine the student’s need for orthodontic treatment. Results: According to the results, 73.8% of the students had DAI score of13-25 (little or no need for treatment), 15.2% had DAI score of 25-30 (specific malocclusion with elective need for treatment), 4.4% had DAI score of 30-35 (severe malocclusion with extreme need for treatment), and 6.7% had DAI score exceeding 35 indicating their serious need for orthodontic treatment. The total mean score of DAI was 23.57. Conclusion: The results revealed a significant relationship between the students’ perception of need for treatment and professional assessment of need for orthodontic treatment based on DAI index (P = 0.002).

Malocclusion status among 15 years old adolescents in relation to fluoride concentration and area of residence.

Objectives: To compare the overall dental aesthetic index scores between rural and urban areas, males and females, and to correlate dental aesthetic index score with fluoride concentration in drinking water. Settings and Design: The study was cross sectional and conducted among 15 year old adolescents in the rural and urban areas of Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, India (an endemic fluoride belt). Materials and Methods: Six out of 59 mandals in Nalgonda district were first selected by simple random sampling technique. Then 24 secondary schools were selected from these six selected mandals. All eligible grade X children from these sixteen rural and eight urban schools, having different fluoride concentrations in drinking water, selected by simple random sampling, were considered for the study. Dentofacial anomalies with criteria of dental aesthetic index were used for assessing malocclusion. The information on the dietary habits, orthodontic treatment history, parafunctional habits, continuous residence etc., was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. The examination was carried out by three trained and calibrated dentists. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) scores, in areas with below optimal, optimal and above optimal fluoride concentrations, between urban and rural areas were compared and analyzed using SPSS windows version 16. Results: The mean DAI scores, for the rural and urban population were 21.37 ± 5.845 (mean ± SD) and 22.26 ± 6.115, for males and females, it was 20.86 ± 5.100 and 22.70 ± 6.713 respectively. The mean DAI scores in areas with below optimal, optimal and above optimal fluoride concentration were 23.42 ± 7.205 (mean ± SD), 20.85 ± 4.658 and 19.93 ± 4.312 respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence and severity of malocclusion was more in urban than rural areas, more among females than males, and it decreased with increasing concentration of fluoride in drinking water.

Dental aesthetics and self-esteem in adolescents / Estética dental y autoestima en adolescentes

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dental aesthetics and self-esteem in adolescents. Methods: The sample was 387 randomly selected high school adolescents between 13 and 16 years of age. A clinical examination to evaluate dental aesthetics was conducted using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Self-esteem was assessed with the Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale. The statistical analysis included a descriptive analysis and means comparison, which was made through t-Student and ANOVA tests. DAI was correlated to Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The data collected was analyzed by using the SPSS program version 17. Results: The mean DAI score was 34.2 (SD=14.2) and self-esteem was 22.6 (SD=4.6). The low socioeconomic status (SES) group had the highest levels of DAI and the lowest levels of self-esteem. A weak, but statistically significant, negative correlation was found between DAI scores and Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (r=-0.1, p<0.05). According to age, in adolescents aged sixteen there was a slight correlation with both variables (p>0.05). Regarding gender, in female individuals a negative weak correlation (r=-0.14, p<0.05) was observed. No statistically significant difference was shown among SES groups. Nevertheless, there was a positive slight correlation in the middle SES group (p>0.05). Conclusions: The outcomes generated by this investigation can improve our understanding of how the correlation between dental aesthetics and self-esteem may fluctuate because of the SES variability.

Objetivo: Investigar la relación entre estética dental y autoestima en adolescentes. Métodos: La muestra de 387 adolescentes entre 13 y 16 años seleccionados aleatoriamente de los colegios de educación secundaria. Se realizó un examen clínico para evaluar la estética dental a través del Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). La autoestima se valoró usando la Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale. El análisis estadístico incluyó medidas descriptivas y una comparación de medias realizadas a través de las pruebas t-Student y ANOVA. El DAI se correlacionó con la Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale por medio del coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Los datos recolectados se analizaron en el programa SPSS versión 17. Resultados: La media de DAI fue 34.2 (DE=14.2) y de autoestima de 22.6 (DE=4.6). El grupo de estrato socio-económico (SES) bajo tuvo los niveles más altos de DAI y los más bajos de autoestima. Una pequeña pero significativa correlación negativa se encontró entre los niveles del DAI y la Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale (r=-0.1; p<0.05). De acuerdo con la edad, los adolescentes de 16 años tuvieron una leve correlación en las dos variables (p>0.05). En relación con género, en mujeres se encontró una pequeña correlación negativa (r=-0.14; p<0.05). Ninguna correlación estadísticamente significativa se observó entre los grupos según estrato socioeconómico. Sin embargo, existió una leve correlación positiva en estrato socio-económico medio (p>0.05). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos por esta investigación pueden mejorar el entendimiento de cómo la correlación de estética dental y autoestima podría fluctuar debido a la variabilidad del SES.

Necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico en escolares. Aplicación del índice DAI / Orthodontic treatment's necessity in students. Application of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI)

Las maloclusiones dentarias son alteraciones o desórdenes oclusales sujetos a importantes condicionantes estéticos, étnicos y culturales, lo cual dificulta su definición y clasificación. Un diagnóstico temprano y un tratamiento exitoso de las maloclusiones pueden tener beneficios a corto plazo. En esta investigación se examinaron todos los escolares de 8 y 9 años de edad matriculados en las escuelas primarias del área de salud Milanés, de los cuales 232 pertenecieron al grupo de 8 años para un 51,6 por ciento, y 218 de 9 años, que representaron un 48,4 por ciento. Con el propósito de determinar la necesidad de tratamiento de ortodoncia, fue realizado un estudio descriptivo y transversal, en el que se aplicó el índice de estética dental de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico, determinándose que el 32,9 por ciento presentó maloclusión leve u oclusión normal, 24,4 por ciento maloclusión definida, 16,0 por ciento maloclusión severa y 26,7 por ciento maloclusión muy severa. Se determinó que existe una alta prevalencia de necesidad de tratamiento en las edades estudiadas.

The dental malocclusions are occlusal alterations or disorders that are subject of important aesthetic, ethnic and cultural conditionings, making it difficult its definition and classification. An early diagnosis and a successful treatment of the malocclusions may have benefits in a short term. This research was made in a sample of 450 students aged 8 and 9 years, 232 in the 8-years-old group, for the 51,6 percent, and 218 in the 9-years-old group, representing the 48,4 percent. With the purpose of determining the orthodontic treatment necessity, we carried out a cross-sectional, descriptive study, applying the dental esthetic index of the orthodontic treatment necessity, and determining that 32,9 percent of the students had a slight malocclusion or normal occlusion, 24, 4 percent a defined malocclusion, 16,0 percent a serious malocclusion and 26,7 percent a very serious malocclusion. We determined the high prevalence of treatment necessity in the studied ages.

Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 16 and 17 year-old school-going children in Shimla city, Himachal Pradesh.

Background: Many studies have been conducted in India to know the prevalence of malocclusion and the orthodontic treatment needs using dental aesthetic index (DAI), but no study so far has been conducted in Shimla city, Himachal Pradesh. Objective: To know the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 16- and 17 year-old school-going children in Shimla city, Himachal Pradesh. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 622 (365 boys and 257 girls) school children, aged 16 and 17 years, from February 2009 to May 2009. Type III examination was conducted and the assessment of malocclusion was done according to the DAI. Results: 20.28% of the male and 24.52% of the female students in the sample were affected with malocclusion. The mean DAI scores of the male and female children were 22.26 and 21.79, respectively. Distribution of the four DAI grades was as follows: DAI-I (no abnormality or minor malocclusion) 79.58%, DAI-II (definite malocclusion) 16.39%, DAI-III (severe malocclusion) 3.69%, DAI-IV (very severe/handicapping malocclusion) 0.34%. Conclusion: The present study shows that 20.42% of the children examined had malocclusion which required treatment.

Associação entre presença de oclusopatias e insatisfação com a aparência dos dentes e gengivas: estudo com adolescentes brasileiros / Association between malocclusion and dissatisfaction with dental and gingival appearance: study with brazilian adolescents

Apesar da alta prevalência de oclusopatias em adolescentes ser mundialmente relatada, poucos estudos investigaram a associação entre oclusopatias definidas por critérios clínicos e a auto-avaliação da aparência dentária e das gengivas em adolescentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre oclusopatias e auto-avaliação da aparência dentária e gengival em adolescentes brasileiros. Foram utilizados os dados de um estudo transversal realizado com adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos de idade (n = 16.126) de 250 cidades localizadas nas cinco macrorregiões do Brasil. O desfecho foi a insatisfação com a aparência dentária e gengival, sendo a principal variável exploratória as oclusopatias, medidas através do Índice de Estética Dental - DAI. As demais variáveis exploratórias, potenciais fatores de confusão e mediação, foram renda familiar per capita, atraso escolar, condição de estudo, sexo, idade, cor da pele, agravos bucais (cárie não tratada, perda dentária devido à cárie, cálculo, fluorose e dor nos dentes e gengivas) e a utilização dos serviços odontológicos. Realizaram-se análises de regressão de Poisson simples e multiva-riável. A prevalência de insatisfação com a aparência dos dentes e gengivas foi de 11,4 por cento (IC 95 por cento: 10,4-12,5). Todos os graus de oclusopatias foram associados à insatisfação com a aparência dos dentes e gengivas. A análise multivariável ajustada mostrou que a auto-avaliação negativa da aparência em adolescentes com oclusopatias graves ou muito graves foi 40 por cento e 80 por cento maior quando comparados àqueles com oclusão normal, respectivamente. Os resultados contribuem para a inclusão do critério de auto-avaliação da aparência dental durante as decisões de tratamento ortodôntico, principalmente no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde.

In spite of the high prevalence of malocclusion in adolescents reported worldwide, there are few studies that have investigated the association between normative malocclusion and self-rated dental and gingival appearance among adolescents. The aim of this study was to identify the association between normative malocclusion and dissatisfaction with dental and gingival appearance among Brazilian adolescents. A cross-sectional study was carried out with adolescents aged 15 to 19 years (n= 16,126) living in 250 towns of all five Brazilian regions. Dissatisfaction with dental and gingival appearance was the outcome. The main explanatory variable was malocclusion assessed by using the Dental Aesthetic Index - DAI. The other explanatory variables included were per capita family income, schooling delay, study conditions, sex, age, skin color, dental outcomes (untreated dental caries, missing teeth due dental caries, dental calculus, fluorosis, and dental pain) and use of dental services. Simple and multivariable Poisson regression analyses were performed. Dissatisfaction with dental appearance reached 11.4 percent (95 percentCI: 10.4-12.5) of the entire sample. All levels of malocclusion were associated with dissatisfaction with dental appearance. Adjusted multivariable analysis showed that dissatisfaction with dental appearance among individuals affected by severe or very severe malocclusion was respectively 40 percent and 80 percent higher than among those with normal occlusion. Malocclusion was associated with dissatisfaction with dental and gingival appearance. The results contribute to include self-rated dental appearance criteria in orthodontic treatment decision, mainly within the National Health System - SUS.

Prevalência de oclusopatias e comparação entre a Classificação de Angle e o Índice de Estética Dentária em escolares do interior do estado de São Paulo - Brasil / Malocclusion prevalence and comparison between the Angle classification and the Dental Aesthetic Index in scholars in the interior of São Paulo state - Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO: as oclusopatias estão entre os principais problemas de saúde bucal em todo o mundo, juntamente com a cárie dentária e a doença periodontal, e vários índices têm sido utilizados para registrá-las. OBJETIVOS: verificar a prevalência de oclusopatias utilizando a Classificação de Angle e o Índice de Estética Dentária (DAI), sua severidade e a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico registradas pelo DAI, e comparar os resultados de ambos os índices, visando correlacionar o padrão dos dados coletados e a viabilidade de utilizá-los de forma conjunta. MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu de 734 escolares com idade de 12 anos, de ambos os sexos, da rede pública do município de Lins/SP. Foram realizados exames nos pátios das escolas com utilização de sondas IPC a olho nu. RESULTADOS: pela Classificação de Angle, encontrou-se 33,24 por cento das crianças com oclusão normal e 66,76 por cento com má oclusão. Pelo DAI, observou-se que 65,26 por cento das crianças apresentavam-se sem anormalidades ou com más oclusões leves. A má oclusão definida esteve presente em 12,81 por cento, a má oclusão severa foi observada em 10,90 por cento e a muito severa ou incapacitante em 11,03 por cento. A maioria das crianças (70,57 por cento) apresentou relação molar normal, e o overjet maxilar anterior foi a alteração mais frequentemente observada. No cruzamento dos índices houve semelhanças e divergências. CONCLUSÃO: o DAI não foi sensível a alguns problemas de oclusão detectados pela Classificação de Angle, e a recíproca foi verdadeira, demonstrando que ambos os índices possuem pontos distintos na detecção das oclusopatias, podendo ser utilizados de forma reciprocamente complementar.

INTRODUCTION: The malocclusions are among the main buccal health problems all over the world, together with dental cavity and periodontal disease. Several indexes are being used for malocclusion registration. The present study verified the prevalence of this condition, using the Angle classification and the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), the severity and the necessity of orthodontic treatment registered with the DAI and the results of both indexes were compared, seeking to correlate collected data pattern and the viability of using them together. METHODS: The sample consisted of 734 schoolchildren with 12 years of age, both male and female from the public municipal schools in Lins-SP, Brazil. The exams were performed at the school's playgrounds with the use of IPC probes with a naked eye. RESULTS: For the Angle classification, it was found that 33.24 percent of the children presented normal occlusion and 66.76 percent presented malocclusions. It was observed, with the DAI, that 65.26 percent of the children had no abnormalities or had slight malocclusions. The defined malocclusion was present in 12.81 percent, severe malocclusion was observed in 10.90 percent and very severe or disabling malocclusion in 11.03 percent. Most of the children (70.57 percent) presented normal molar relationship and the anterior maxillary overjet was the most frequently observed alteration. When the indexes were compared there were similarities and divergences. CONCLUSION: DAI was not sensitive for some occlusion problems detected by the Angle classification, and vice-versa, demonstrating that both indexes have different points in malocclusions detection, so they could be used mutually in a complementary way.

The relations between craniofacial morphology and dental aesthetic index(DAI) / 대한치과교정학회지

Multple features of occlusion have been combined by epodemiologists in attemps to objectively to determine malocclusion severity and treatment priorty. Jenny et al were developed DAI(Dental Aesthetic Index), which is an orthodontic index based on socially defined aesthetic stamdards. This stydy aimed to evaluate association between 10 occlusal componets of DAI and individual measures of skeletal morphology by use of univariate and multivariate analysis. In addition the relationship between a Dental Aeathetic Index score and skeletal mophology was evaluated. The data for this study were obtained from cephalometric radiographs and dental casts of 182 korean patients(79 men, 103 women) with permanent dentition who had been acccepted for the orthodontic treatment at Department of Orthodontics, Chonbuk National University. The results are as follows : 1. Several occusal components of DAI(missing, crowding and spacing in the incisal segment, diastema, largest anterior irregularity on upper and lower arch) were not associated with individual measures of craniofacial morphology. 2. Sagittal occlusal components of DAI were associated with anteroposterior skeletal measures. 3. The relation between vertical occlusal components of DAI and vertical skeletal measures was low magnitude. 4. A Dental Aesthetic Index, which is based on several aspects of occlusion, did not identify craniofacial morphology. We can conclude that combination of certain occlusal components of the DAI may be related with specific skeletal morphology: but, this concept could not be accepted generally.