Células madre en odontología: nuevas perspectivas / Stem cells in dentistry: new perspectives

En el campo de la odontología, prevalecen actualmente alternativas terapéuticas con una filosofía conservadora. Sin embargo, con el advenimiento de los tratamientos con células madre (CM), se amplían las posibilidades terapéuticas, que buscan la combinación y el equilibrio entre la intervención tradicional y las posibilidades de reposición de estructuras anatómicas dañadas, a través de la regeneración de tejidos utilizando células madre o sus derivados (AU)

In the dentistry field, therapeutic alternatives with a conservative philosophy currently prevail. However, with the advent of stem cell (SC) treatments, therapeutic possibilities are expanding, seeking a combination and balance between traditional intervention and the pos- sibility of replacing damaged anatomical structures through tissue regeneration, using stem cells or their derivatives (AU)

Reparative dentin formation using stem cell therapy versus calcium hydroxide in direct pulp capping: an animal study

Abstract Direct pulp capping process is a therapeutic method aimed at maintenance of pulp vitality and health by using a biocompatible material placed directly over the exposed pulp. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of direct pulp capping procedures by dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) or calcium hydroxide on dentin tissue formation. Three mongrel dogs were used as experimental model. Two access cavities were prepared in the right and left mandibular fourth premolars in all dogs to expose and extirpate the pulp tissues which were processed in the lab to obtain a single-cell suspensions. The isolated cells were cultures in odontogenic medium for subsequent differentiation. The maxillary teeth (3 incisors and one canine) of the corresponding dog number were subjected to class V cavities to expose their pulps which were assigned into 2 groups of 12 teeth each ( group I - pulp capping with calcium hydroxide) and (group II - pulp capping with dental stem cells DPSCs). The operated teeth were collected after 3 months and processed for histological and electron microscopic examinations. Specimens were subjected to elemental analysis of calcium and phosphorus. EDX elemental analysis revealed significant differences in the calcium and phosphorous wt, % in the reparative dentin of calcium hydroxide treated group which confirmed histologically. Direct pulp capping by DPSCs has shown promising generative potential for regaining normal dentin.

Resumo O processo de capeamento pulpar direto é um método terapêutico que visa a manutenção da vitalidade e saúde da polpa, usando um material biocompatível colocado diretamente sobre a polpa exposta. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar o efeito do capeamento pulpar direto usando células-tronco da polpa dentária (CTPDs) ou hidróxido de cálcio sobre o tecido da dentina formação. Três cães sem raça definida foram utilizados como modelo experimental. Duas cavidades de acesso foram preparados nos quartos pré-molares inferiores direito e esquerdo em todos os cães para expor e extirpar os tecidos pulpares que foram processados ​​em laboratório para obter suspensões de uma célula única. As células isoladas foram cultivadas em meio odontogênico para posterior diferenciação. Os dentes superiores (3 incisivos e um canino) do respectivo cão foram submetidos ao preparo de cavidades classe V para expor suas polpas, as quais foram atribuídas a 2 grupos de 12 dentes cada (grupo I - capeamento pulpar com hidróxido de cálcio) e (grupo II - capeamento pulpar com CTPDs). Os dentes operados foram extraídos após 3 meses e processado para exames histológicos e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os espécimes foram submetidos a análises elementares de cálcio e fósforo. Análise elementar por EDX revelaram diferenças significativas no peso de cálcio e fósforo, % na massa reparadora dentina do grupo tratado com hidróxido de cálcio, o que foi confirmado histologicamente. O capeamento pulpar com CTPDs mostrou potencial promissor para recuperar a dentina normal.

Advances in the research of application of dental stem cells in neural tissue engineering / 中华烧伤杂志

Dental stem cell is a kind of stem cell isolated from dental hard tissue or periodontal tissue, including dental pulp stem cell, stem cell from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cell from root apical papilla, periodontal ligament stem cell, dental follicle progenitor cell, and so on. As seed cell, dental stem cell provides safe and efficient cell source for nerve tissue engineering research. The review aims to introduce the characteristics of these dental stem cells in promoting the regeneration and preparation of nerve and the clinical application.

New treatment modality for pulpititis and apical periodontitis: pathway of regenerative endodontics / 口腔疾病防治

@#Tissue engineering has been applied to induce pulp-dentin complex regeneration, and proposed the concept of regenerative endodontics. As a new subject in stomatology, regenerative endodontics promotes root development and pulp regeneration with the combination of dental stem cells, biomaterial scaffolds and growth factors. Clinically, pulp regenerative technique has been used to treat necrosis and periapical periodontitis of immature permanent teeth. Numerous case reports and studies have proved the possibility of pulp regeneration, and regenerative endodontics will become a potential new treatment alternative of dental pulp diseases for dental clinician. In the present paper, we will summarize and analyze the current process and prospective of regenerative endodontics.

Marcadores candidatos, estrategias de cultivo y perspectivas de las DPSCs como terapia celular en odontología / Candidate markers, culture strategies and DPSC perspectives used as cellular therapy in dentistry

La ingeniería tisular basada en las células troncales de pulpa dental se considera como un enfoque prometedor para la odontología regenerativa, con el objetivo final de reemplazar morfológica y funcionalmente los tejidos periodontales y/o los dientes perdidos a través de la síntesis in vitro de sustitutos análogos tisulares o, incluso, de un diente humano denominado biodiente. Las células troncales de la pulpa dental representan una colonia de células adultas que tienen la capacidad de autorrenovación y diferenciación en diferentes linajes. El origen exacto de las células troncales de la pulpa dental no ha sido completamente determinado y estas células troncales parecen ser la fuente de los odontoblastos que contribuyen a la formación del complejo dentinopulpar. Recientemente, los logros obtenidos a partir de la investigación de las células troncales nos han permitido contemplar las posibles aplicaciones terapéuticas de las células troncales de la pulpa dental. Algunos estudios han demostrado que las células troncales de la pulpa dental son capaces de producir tejidos dentales in vivo, incluyendo la dentina, la pulpa dental y las estructuras de la corona. Mientras que otras investigaciones han demostrado que estas células troncales se diferencian in vitro e in vivo, por ejemplo, en osteoblastos, neuroblastos, condrocitos, fibroblastos y endotelio. En teoría, un biodiente sintetizado a partir de las células troncales de la pulpa dental debe ser la mejor opción para recuperar la totalidad de la estructura y función de un diente humano. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión es hacer una breve descripción de la localización, origen, aislamiento y marcadores candidatos de células troncales de pulpa dental, para así plantear las perspectivas de aplicación en la clínica odontológica.

Tissue engineering based on dental pulp stem cells is considered as a promising approach for regenerative dentistry. It purports the final target of morphologically and functionally replacing periodontal tissues and/or lost teeth by means of the in vitro synthesis of tissue-analog substitutes, or even a human tooth (called bio-tooth). Dental pulp stem cells represent a colony of adult cells which have the ability to auto-renovate and differentiate in different lineages. Dental pulp stem cells exact origin has yet to be fully determined; these stem cells seem to be the source of odontoblasts, which contribute to the formation of the dentin-pulp complex. Recently, achievements obtained through research conducted on stem cells, have allowed us to contemplate the possible therapeutic applications of dental pulp stem cells. Some studies have shown that dental pulp stem cells are able to produce in vivo dental tissues, including dental pulp and crown structures. Other research has demonstrated that these stem cells differentiate in vivo and in vitro into osteoblasts, neuroblasts, chondrocytes fibroblasts, and endothelium. In theory, a bio-tooth synthesized from autogenic dental pulp stem cells should be the best option to recover the whole structure and function of a human tooth. The aim of the present review article was to undertake a brief description of the location, origin, isolation and candidate markers of dental pulp stem cells in order to thus present application perspectives to be used in the dental clinic.

Dental stem cells.

While the regeneration of a lost tissue is known to mankind for several years, it is only in the recent past that research on regenerative medicine/dentistry has gained momentum and eluded the dramatic yet scientific advancements in the field of molecular biology. The growing understanding of biological concepts in the regeneration of oral/dental tissues coupled with experiments on stem cells is likely to result in a paradigm shift in the therapeutic armamentarium of dental and oral diseases culminating in an intense search for “biological solutions to biological problems.” Stem cells have been successfully isolated from variety of human tissues including orofacial tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells which differentiate into a variety of cell types. The potential MSCs for tooth regeneration mainly include stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), adult dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from apical part of the papilla (SCAPs), stem cells from the dental follicle (DFSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). This review article outlines the recent progress in mesenchymal stem cells used in tooth regeneration.

Dental Stem Cells- The New Era of Dentistry

Tissue engineering is a science based on the fundamental principles involving the identification of appropriate cells, the development of conductive scaffolds and the understanding of the morphogenic signals required to induce cells to regenerate a tissue or an organ (Karien, 2009). Stem cells are one of the most fascinating areas of biology today. They are the key elements for tissue engineering. For years, scientists all over the world have been working on the possibilities of using the stem cells to regenerate human cells that are damaged due to illness, developmental defects and accidents. The discovery of dental stem cells and the recent advances in cellular and molecular biology have led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies that aim at regeneration of oral tissues that were injured by disease or trauma.

Redefining the potential applications of dental stem cells: An asset for future.

Recent exciting discoveries isolated dental stem cells from the pulp of the primary and permanent teeth, from the periodontal ligament, and from associated healthy tissues. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) represent a kind of adult cell colony which has the potent capacity of self-renewing and multilineage differentiation. Stem cell-based tooth engineering is deemed as a promising approach to the making of a biological tooth (bio-tooth) or engineering of functional tooth structures. Dental professionals have the opportunity to make their patients aware of these new sources of stem cells that can be stored for future use as new therapies are developed for a range of diseases and injuries. The aim of this article is to review and understand how dental stem cells are being used for regeneration of oral and conversely nonoral tissues. A brief review on banking is also done for storing of these valuable stem cells for future use.